CN103411850B - The flowing reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight - Google Patents
The flowing reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of flowing reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight, and it gathers Debris Flow Deposition body on the spot by adopting, and is reduced to rubble flow, then the method for sampled measurements, can obtain the rubble flow sample closer to reality, have advantage directly perceived, with a high credibility; Secondly, the method is simple, easily operates, eliminates the drawback that existing method needs professional or exact instrument just can carry out; 3rd: the method has broad range of application, from rare property to the rubble flow of the whole character of viscosity, use the method all can draw satisfied result; 4th: the method can complete at scene in the wild, can draw data result in time.The invention solves the confinement problems of the correspondence that existing method exists.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to debris flow control works, particularly the measuring method of rubble flow unit weight.
Background technology
Rubble flow, owing to breaking out suddenly, lasts short and mostly occurs in ungetable area, not easily directly carrying out in-site measurement and obtain definite data.Within very short time afterwards, unit weight can change rapidly, and particularly diluted debris flow and water-rock debris flow and mudflow etc. just measurement can not obtain data again once stop action.In view of rubble flow changing bulk density feature rapidly, researcher determines it indirectly according to analyzing the rubble flow alluvial body after stopping action and test.The analysis and calculation method of existing rubble flow unit weight is varied, with good grounds rubble flow alluvial body particle composition situation carries out the method analyzing contrast, representational have " improving one's methods of diluted debris flow unit weight calculating ", " calculate based on the rubble flow unit weight of clay particle content ", " calculating based on the rubble flow unit weight of dust content "; Soil ratio method after with good grounds rubble flow alluvial solidification, determines the method for unit weight after also having the on-the-spot sample of rubble flow to be approved by eyewitness.
What 1.1, diluted debris flow unit weight calculated improves one's methods
By a large amount of rubble flow sample analysis and test, the rubble flow of different clay content has different unit weight, according to " improving one's methods of diluted debris flow unit weight calculating " such as Yu Bin.The method is mainly applicable to diluted debris flow, and water-rock debris flow character.Sample need be analyzed through indoor Malvern laser particle size analyzer and obtain, and is obtaining without needing the physico-chemical process analysis of 3-4 days under case of machines:
γ
c=2*P
05 0.35* P
2+ 1.4 (formula 1-1)
In formula: γ
cunit weight (the g/cm of-rubble flow
3);
P
2the content (%, in decimal) of 2-5mm particle diameter in-rubble flow;
P
05the content (%, in decimal) of < 0.05mm particle diameter in-rubble flow.
1.2, the rubble flow unit weight based on clay particle content calculates
By a large amount of rubble flow sample analysis and test, the rubble flow of different clay content has different unit weight, based on the sample statistics of 144 different regions, research finds that the unit weight of rubble flow and the relation of the clay content polynomial equation of more than six times is simulated, provide clay content and unit weight polynomial relation (Chen Ningsheng etc., Chinese science E collects technological sciences, " calculating based on the rubble flow unit weight of clay particle content ", 2003,164 ~ 174).The method is mainly applicable to viscous mud-flow and part mudflow.Sample need be analyzed through indoor Malvern laser particle size analyzer and obtain, and is obtaining without needing the physico-chemical process analysis of 3-4 days under case of machines:
γ
c=-1.32 × 10
3x
7-5.13 × 10
2x
6+ 8.91 × 10
2x
5-55x
4(formula 1-2)+34.6x
3-67x
2+ 12.5x+1.55
In formula: γ
cunit weight (the g/cm of-rubble flow
3);
The content (%, in decimal) of clay in x-rubble flow.
1.3, the rubble flow unit weight based on dust content calculates
Mainly carry out analyzing according to the actual measurement unit weight of Dongchuan Jiang Jiagou and dust content and obtain, refer to " integrated survey of Xiao Jiang River in Yunnan province rubble flow and control program are studied ", Kang Zhicheng etc., 1986 formula, the method is mainly applicable to high viscosity rubble flow, the method is only for indivedual ditch territory, and apply medial error comparatively large, sampling method is wayward:
γ
c=(0.175+0.743P) * (γ
s-1)+1 (formula 1-3)
In formula: γ
cunit weight (the g/cm of-rubble flow
3);
The content of dust in P-rubble flow is the content (%, in decimal) of 2 ~ 60mm particle diameter;
γ
s-rubble flow solid matter unit weight, value is mostly 2.0 ~ 2.7g/cm
3.
1.4, the rubble flow unit weight based on soil ratio method calculates
Soil ratio method is mainly according to after rubble flow alluvial solidification, the vestige stayed in other building etc. by stopping silt body to rubble flow is measured, calculates and is obtained, the method is high for viscous mud-flow accuracy, but do not have Trace Data to gather in most cases, the vestige collected not easily obtains accurate data:
γ
c=(γ
s* f+1)/(f+1) (formula 1-4)
In formula: γ
cunit weight (the g/cm of-rubble flow
3);
F-rubble flow vestige water, native ratio;
γ
s-rubble flow solid matter unit weight, value is mostly 2.0 ~ 2.7g/cm
3.
1.5, on-the-spot sample determines the method for unit weight after being approved by eyewitness
The method is approved the method for rear mensuration unit weight by eyewitness with on-the-spot sample.The method is mainly applicable to the determination of transitional rubble flow unit weight, but eyewitness is layman, and the unit weight of its accreditation is measured has very large deviation, has just had no way of accurately for diluted debris flow.
Therefore, for the measurement of rubble flow unit weight, forefathers have done a large amount of research and analysis, achieve the method that some are derived indirectly, but all there is significant limitation and empirical, and often kind of method all has certain applicable unit weight scope, before use very important person for experience judge qualitative after select correlation method to determine again.
Summary of the invention
For solving the confinement problems of existing rubble flow unit weight measuring method, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of flowing reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A flowing reduction experiment method for rubble flow unit weight, it comprises the steps: (1) gathers the Debris Flow Deposition body of undisturbed, assortment on the spot; (2) the Debris Flow Deposition body collected is sieved, obtain sample 100 ~ 120kg that the particle diameter upper limit is 20mm; (3) get part sample to add water, produce rubble flow first sample, remaining sample is used for the adjustment of soil ratio in subsequent step; (4) flowing reduction test is carried out to the rubble flow first sample obtained; (5) observe the mobility status of rubble flow first sample, and adjust its soil ratio as required, until it becomes the rubble flow sample meeting mobility and require or pile up requirement; (6) flowing reduction test is carried out to rubble flow sample, and sample in its flow process; (7) carrying out volume and weight measurement to sampling the rubble flow sample obtained, calculating its unit weight; (8) repeatedly repeat step (6) and (7), repeatedly sample, measure, calculate, the actual value of heavy measurement mean value as unit weight of trying to please.
When rubble flow first sample for producing is diluted debris flow and adopts infusion method to produce, preferably, more than 2 hours are soaked to the sample obtained; When rubble flow first sample for producing is viscous mud-flow and adopts infusion method to produce, preferably, more than 10 hours are soaked to the sample obtained.
When rubble flow first sample for producing is diluted debris flow and adopts instant flow fused legal system to get, preferably, the potpourri flow fused 2 times of sample and water is made; When rubble flow first sample for producing is viscous mud-flow and adopts instant flow fused legal system to get, preferably, the potpourri flow fused 5 times of sample and water is made.
Preferably, described step (4) is carried out on the experimental provision primarily of hopper, flowing groove, splicing pond composition, the bottom of described hopper is provided with discharging opening, one end of flowing groove is placed in the below of discharging opening, the other end is placed in the top in splicing pond, the actual gradient that the slope section of rubble flow occurs of inclination angle simulation of flowing groove.
Preferably, after the mobility in described step (5) requires the discharging opening for opening hopper, in hopper, finally have mudstone to remain, and residual mudstone is less than 20% of total amount.
Preferably, the accumulation in described step (5) requires to be after flowing through rubble flow in flowing groove, and in flowing groove, only there is a small amount of mudstone alluvial local.
Preferably, the volume of the sampling container in described step (6) is 2000 ~ 2500ml, every sub-sampling 1500 ~ 2000g.
Preferably, described hopper has two available discharging openings, and it is of a size of and is respectively 15cm × 15cm and 10cm × 10cm.
Preferably, the overall length of described flowing groove is 210cm ~ 300cm, and groove clear span is 15cm ~ 40cm, groove clear height 15cm ~ 40cm.
The present invention, by adopting rubble flow then the method for sampled measurements of first reducing, can obtain the rubble flow sample closer to reality, have advantage directly perceived, with a high credibility; Secondly, this method is simple, easily operates, eliminates the drawback that existing method needs professional or exact instrument just can carry out; 3rd: this law has broad range of application, from rare property to the rubble flow of the whole character of viscosity, use this law all can draw satisfied result; 4th: this law can complete at scene in the wild, can draw data result in time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment of the present invention rubble flow flowing reduction experiment device used;
Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of the hopper of the rubble flow flowing reduction experiment device shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the sectional schematic diagram of the flowing groove of the rubble flow flowing reduction experiment device shown in Fig. 1.
In figure: 1, hopper; 11, discharging opening; 2, flow groove; 3, splicing pond.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
As Figure 1-3, the flowing reduction experiment method of the rubble flow unit weight of the present embodiment comprises the steps: that (1) gathers the Debris Flow Deposition body of undisturbed, assortment on the spot; (2) the Debris Flow Deposition body collected is sieved, obtain sample 100 ~ 120kg that the particle diameter upper limit is 20mm; (3) get part sample (as 80kg) to add water (as 30kg), produce rubble flow first sample, remaining sample is used for the adjustment of soil ratio in subsequent step; (4) flowing reduction test is carried out to the rubble flow first sample obtained; (5) observe the mobility status of rubble flow first sample, and adjust its soil ratio as required, until it becomes the rubble flow sample meeting mobility and require or pile up requirement; (6) flowing reduction test is carried out to rubble flow sample, and sample in its flow process; (7) carrying out volume and weight measurement to sampling the rubble flow sample obtained, calculating its unit weight; (8) repeatedly repeat step (6) and (7), repeatedly sample, measure, calculate, the actual value of heavy measurement mean value as unit weight of trying to please.
Through experimental study, different higher limit particle diameter operating mode does not produce obvious impact to experimental result.
When rubble flow first sample for producing is diluted debris flow and adopts infusion method to produce, preferably, more than 2 hours are soaked to the sample obtained; When rubble flow first sample for producing is viscous mud-flow and adopts infusion method to produce, preferably, more than 10 hours are soaked to the sample obtained.
When the time does not allow to adopt infusion method, instant flow fused method can be adopted to produce rubble flow first sample, namely after sample adds water, flowing by making the potpourri of sample and water makes the two merge, for producing character from diluted debris flow to the rubble flow first sample of the various character such as viscous mud-flow, the potpourri flow fused 2 ~ 5 times of sample and water need be made, wherein, diluted debris flow needs 2 times, and viscous mud-flow needs 5 times.
Preferably, described step (4) is carried out on the experimental provision formed primarily of hopper 1, flowing groove 2, splicing pond 3, the bottom of described hopper 1 is provided with discharging opening 11, one end of flowing groove 2 is placed in the below of discharging opening 11, the other end is placed in the top in splicing pond 3, the actual gradient that the slope section of rubble flow occurs of inclination angle simulation of flowing groove 2.Through experimental study, the change of the gradient does not significantly affect for the changing bulk density of rubble flow.The adjustment of the gradient to be carried out in an experiment, when making substantially to produce without alluvial situation in flowing groove, just can meet the demands.
Preferably, after the mobility in described step (5) requires the discharging opening for opening hopper, in hopper, finally have mudstone to remain, and residual mudstone is less than 20% of total amount.
Preferably, the accumulation in described step (5) requires to be after flowing through rubble flow in flowing groove, and in flowing groove, only there is a small amount of mudstone alluvial local.
Preferably, the volume of the sampling container in described step (6) is 2000 ~ 2500ml, every sub-sampling 1500 ~ 2000g.Because the corresponding unit weight in rubble flow tap portion is higher, during sampling can tap shortly past time sample.
Preferably, described hopper has two available discharging openings, and it is of a size of and is respectively 15cm × 15cm and 10cm × 10cm.Through experimental study, the not obvious unit weight result affecting rubble flow of the size of discharging opening, but requirement of experiment has good mobility.
Preferably, the overall length of described flowing groove is 210cm ~ 300cm, and groove clear span is 15cm ~ 40cm, groove clear height 15cm ~ 40cm.Through experimental study, the unit weight experimental result of size on rubble flow of flowing groove does not produce obvious impact.From the angle of reliability, experiment value wider range of larger flowing groove, can draw higher reliability after many experiments; Less grooved easily draws reliable result as early as possible, but requires that experimenter has experience, can determine the solution details in testing soon, advises using when fully support is held and required details.
Through experimental study, different unit weight operating mode does not produce obvious impact to the validity of experimental result.Value of bulk density is at 1.36 ~ 2.25t/m
3between all success can obtain data, cover the scope of the paramount viscous mud-flow of diluted debris flow.The unit weight of a rubble flow is an interval range value, is a process of extremely withering away from high to low.
The value of bulk density that application the present invention records is carried out analysis with the value of bulk density obtained by other method contrast, result has good consistance, illustrates that this law is reliable.Meanwhile, the present invention more on-the-spot method of completing the square has higher reliability and applicable unit weight scope, can draw reliable result sooner than all kinds of particle size content method, and it is substantially unrestricted to be suitable for unit weight scope, simultaneously for empirical also unrestricted.
The present invention, by adopting rubble flow then the method for sampled measurements of first reducing, can obtain the rubble flow sample closer to reality, have advantage directly perceived, with a high credibility; Secondly, this method is simple, easily operates, eliminates the drawback that existing method needs professional or exact instrument just can carry out; 3rd: this law has broad range of application, from rare property to the rubble flow of the whole character of viscosity, use this law all can draw satisfied result; 4th: this law can complete at scene in the wild, can draw data result in time,
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a flowing reduction experiment method for rubble flow unit weight, is characterized in that comprising the steps: that (1) gathers the Debris Flow Deposition body of undisturbed, assortment on the spot; (2) the Debris Flow Deposition body collected is sieved, obtain sample 100 ~ 120kg that the particle diameter upper limit is 20mm; (3) sample getting part acquisition adds water, and produces rubble flow first sample, and remaining sample is used for the adjustment of soil ratio in subsequent step; (4) flowing reduction test is carried out to the rubble flow first sample obtained; (5) observe the mobility status of rubble flow first sample, and adjust its soil ratio as required, until it becomes the rubble flow sample meeting mobility and require or pile up requirement; (6) flowing reduction test is carried out to rubble flow sample, and sample in its flow process; (7) carrying out volume and weight measurement to sampling the rubble flow sample obtained, calculating its unit weight; (8) repeatedly repeat step (6) and (7), repeatedly sample, measure, calculate, the actual value of heavy measurement mean value as unit weight of trying to please.
2. the flowing reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when the rubble flow first sample for producing is diluted debris flow and adopts infusion method to produce, and need soak more than 2 hours to the sample obtained; When rubble flow first sample for producing is viscous mud-flow and adopts infusion method to produce, more than 10 hours need be soaked to the sample obtained.
3. the flowing reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when the rubble flow first sample for producing is diluted debris flow and adopts instant flow fused legal system to get, and need make the potpourri flow fused 2 times of sample and water; When rubble flow first sample for producing is viscous mud-flow and adopts instant flow fused legal system to get, the potpourri flow fused 5 times of sample and water need be made.
4. the flowing reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (4) is carried out on the experimental provision primarily of hopper, flowing groove, splicing pond composition, the bottom of described hopper is provided with discharging opening, one end of flowing groove is placed in the below of discharging opening, the other end is placed in the top in splicing pond, the actual gradient that the slope section of rubble flow occurs of inclination angle simulation of flowing groove.
5. the flowing reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: after the mobility in described step (5) requires the discharging opening for opening hopper, finally have mudstone to remain in hopper, and residual mudstone is less than 20% of total amount.
6. the flowing reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the accumulation in described step (5) requires to be after flowing through rubble flow in flowing groove, and in flowing groove, only there is a small amount of mudstone alluvial local.
7. the flowing reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the volume of the sampling container in described step (6) is 2000 ~ 2500ml, every sub-sampling 1500 ~ 2000g.
8. the flowing reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described hopper has two available discharging openings, it is of a size of and is respectively 15cm × 15cm and 10cm × 10cm.
9. the flowing reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the overall length of described flowing groove is 210cm ~ 300cm, and groove clear span is 15cm ~ 40cm, groove clear height 15cm ~ 40cm.
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| CN105004508B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-08-25 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Mud-rock flow is along journey evolution parameter measuring method |
| CN106053012A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-10-26 | 兰州大学 | Impact force simulation device and experiment method during debris flow movement erosion-deposition process |
| CN107391924B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-08-04 | 四川建筑职业技术学院 | Seismic region debris flow volume weight calculation method based on debris flow source particle size parameters |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU514221A2 (en) * | 1974-09-23 | 1976-05-15 | Специальное Конструкторское Бюро Центракадемстроя Ан Ссср | Device for modeling mudflow movement |
| SU1264045A1 (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-10-15 | Украинский Региональный Научно-Исследовательский Институт | Method of determining density of mud-laden torrent flow |
| CN2553866Y (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-06-04 | 成都泰隆游乐实业有限公司 | Freshets roar down from mountains recreation facilities |
| CN103063403A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-24 | 东北大学 | Adjustable multifunctional circulation test groove platform |
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2013
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU514221A2 (en) * | 1974-09-23 | 1976-05-15 | Специальное Конструкторское Бюро Центракадемстроя Ан Ссср | Device for modeling mudflow movement |
| SU1264045A1 (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-10-15 | Украинский Региональный Научно-Исследовательский Институт | Method of determining density of mud-laden torrent flow |
| CN2553866Y (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-06-04 | 成都泰隆游乐实业有限公司 | Freshets roar down from mountains recreation facilities |
| CN103063403A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-04-24 | 东北大学 | Adjustable multifunctional circulation test groove platform |
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