CN103411850A - Flowing-reduction experiment method for volume weight of debris flow - Google Patents
Flowing-reduction experiment method for volume weight of debris flow Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flowing-reduction experiment method for the volume weight of debris flow. According to the flowing-reduction experiment method, an accumulation body of the debris flow collected in field is reduced into the debris flow and then a sampling measurement method is carried out, thus obtaining a debris flow sample closer to the real debris flow; the advantages of intuition and high reliability are achieved. The method is simple and easy to operate and the defect that the existing method requires specialized persons or precise instruments is eliminated. The method has a wide application range and is applicable to debris flows with all the properties ranging from watery mud to thick, rocky mud, and satisfactory results can be obtained by using the method. The method can be finished in wild field and data results can be obtained in time. The flowing-reduction experiment method disclosed by the invention overcomes the problem of corresponding limitation in the existing method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to debris flow control works, particularly the measuring method of rubble flow unit weight.
Background technology
Rubble flow, owing to breaking out suddenly, lasts short and mostly occurs in ungetable area, is difficult for directly carrying out in-site measurement and obtains definite data.After very short time in unit weight can change rapidly, particularly diluted debris flow and water-rock debris flow and mudflow etc. are in case the measurement again of just stopping action obtains data.In view of rubble flow changing bulk density characteristics rapidly, the researcher is according to the alluvial of the rubble flow after stopping action body is analyzed and tested it is determined indirectly mostly.The analysis and calculation method of existing rubble flow unit weight is varied, with good grounds rubble flow alluvial body particle composition situation is analyzed the method for contrast, representationally have " diluted debris flow unit weight calculate improve one's methods ", " the rubble flow unit weight based on clay particle content calculates ", " the rubble flow unit weight based on dust content calculates "; Soil ratio method after with good grounds rubble flow alluvial is solidified, also have the on-the-spot sample of rubble flow by the eyewitness, to approve the method for rear definite unit weight.
1.1, improving one's methods of calculating of diluted debris flow unit weight
By a large amount of rubble flow sample analysis and test, the rubble flow of different clay contents has different unit weight, according to " improving one's methods of diluted debris flow unit weight calculating " such as Yu Bin.The method mainly is applicable to diluted debris flow, and water-rock debris flow character.Sample need be analyzed and obtain through indoor Ma Erwen laser particle size analyzer, needs the physico-chemical process analysis of 3-4 days in without the machine situation and obtains:
γ
c=2*P
05 0.35* P
2+ 1.4 (formula 1-1)
In formula: γ
cUnit weight (the g/cm of-rubble flow
3);
P
2The content of 2-5mm particle diameter in-rubble flow (%, in decimal);
P
05In-rubble flow<content (%, in decimal) of 0.05mm particle diameter.
1.2, based on the rubble flow unit weight of clay particle content, calculate
By a large amount of rubble flow sample analysis and tests, the rubble flow of different clay contents has different unit weight, the sample statistics of 144 different regions of take is basis, the unit weight of research discovery rubble flow and the relation of clay content are simulated with the polynomial equation more than six times, provide clay content and unit weight polynomial relation (Chen Ningsheng etc., Chinese science E collects technological sciences, " calculating based on the rubble flow unit weight of clay particle content ", 2003,164～174).The method mainly is applicable to viscous mud-flow and part mudflow.Sample need be analyzed and obtain through indoor Ma Erwen laser particle size analyzer, needs the physico-chemical process analysis of 3-4 days in without the machine situation and obtains:
γ
c=-1.32 * 10
3x
7-5.13 * 10
2x
6+ 8.91 * 10
2x
5-55x
4(formula 1-2)+34.6x
3-67x
2+ 12.5x+1.55
In formula: γ
cUnit weight (the g/cm of-rubble flow
3);
The content of clay in the x-rubble flow (%, in decimal).
1.3, based on the rubble flow unit weight of dust content, calculate
Mainly to analyze and obtain according to the actual measurement unit weight of Dongchuan Jiang Jiagou and dust content, refer to " integrated survey of Xiao Jiang River in Yunnan province rubble flow and control program research ", Kang Zhicheng etc., 1986 formula, the method mainly is applicable to the high viscosity rubble flow, the method only, for indivedual ditches territory, is applied middle error larger, and sampling method is wayward:
γ
c=(0.175+0.743P) * (γ
s-1)+1 (formula 1-3)
In formula: γ
cUnit weight (the g/cm of-rubble flow
3);
The content of dust in the P-rubble flow is the content (%, in decimal) of 2～60mm particle diameter;
γ
s-rubble flow solid matter unit weight, value is mostly 2.0～2.7g/cm
3.
1.4, based on the rubble flow unit weight of soil ratio method, calculate
After the soil ratio method is mainly solidified according to rubble flow alluvial, body waits the vestige stayed to measure, calculate and obtain in other building by rubble flow being stopped become silted up, the method is high for the viscous mud-flow accuracy, but do not have in most cases Trace Data to gather, the vestige collected is difficult for obtaining accurate data:
γ
c=(γ
s* f+1)/(f+1) (formula 1-4)
In formula: γ
cUnit weight (the g/cm of-rubble flow
3);
F-rubble flow vestige water, native ratio;
γ
s-rubble flow solid matter unit weight, value is mostly 2.0～2.7g/cm
3.
1.5, on-the-spot sample approves the method for rear definite unit weight by the eyewitness
The method is for approving the method for rear mensuration unit weight by the eyewitness with on-the-spot sample.The method mainly is applicable to determining of transitional rubble flow unit weight, but the eyewitness is the layman, and the unit weight of its approval is measured has very large deviation, has just had no way of accurately for diluted debris flow.
Therefore, measurement for rubble flow unit weight, forefathers have done a large amount of research and analysis, some methods of indirectly deriving have been obtained, but significant limitation and empirical is arranged all, and every kind of method all has certain applicable unit weight scope, the very important person judges after qualitative and selects correlation method to determine again for experience before use.
Summary of the invention
For solving the limitation problem of existing rubble flow unit weight measuring method, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of mobile reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of mobile reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight, it comprises the steps: that (1) gathers the Debris Flow Deposition body of undisturbed, assortment on the spot; The Debris Flow Deposition body that (2) will collect sieves, and obtains on particle diameter the sample 100～120kg that is limited to 20mm; (3) get the part sample and add water, produce the rubble flow first sample, remaining sample is for the adjustment of subsequent step soil ratio; (4) to the rubble flow first sample of the obtaining reduction test that flows; (5) observe the mobility status of rubble flow first sample, and adjust as required its soil ratio, meet until it becomes the rubble flow sample that mobility required or piled up requirement; (6) to the rubble flow sample reduction test that flows, and take a sample in its flow process; (7) rubble flow sample sampling obtained carries out the volume and weight measurement, calculates its unit weight; (8) repeatedly repeating step (6) and (7), repeatedly take a sample, measure, calculate, the actual value of heavy measurement mean value as unit weight of trying to please.
The rubble flow first sample of wanting to produce is diluted debris flow and while adopting infusion method to produce, and preferably, the sample obtained is soaked more than 2 hours; The rubble flow first sample of wanting to produce is viscous mud-flow and while adopting infusion method to produce, and preferably, the sample obtained is soaked more than 10 hours.
The rubble flow first sample of wanting to produce is diluted debris flow and while adopting instant flow fused legal system to get, and preferably, the mixture flow of sample and water is merged 2 times; The rubble flow first sample of wanting to produce is viscous mud-flow and while adopting instant flow fused legal system to get, and preferably, the mixture flow of sample and water is merged 5 times.
Preferably, described step (4) is carried out on the experimental provision mainly consisted of hopper, the groove that flows, the pond that connects material, the bottom of described hopper is provided with discharging opening, one end of mobile groove is placed in the below of discharging opening, the other end is placed in the top in the pond that connects material, the actual gradient that the slope section of rubble flow occurs of inclination angle simulation of the groove that flows.
Preferably, the mobility in described step (5) requires, for after the discharging opening of opening hopper, in hopper, finally have mudstone residual, and residual mudstone to be less than 20% of total amount.
Preferably, the accumulation requirement in described step (5) is for after flowing through rubble flow in the groove that flows, and only local in the groove that flows have a small amount of mudstone to deposit.
Preferably, the volume of the sampling container of using in described step (6) is 2000～2500ml, every sub-sampling 1500～2000g.
Preferably, described hopper has two available discharging openings, and it is of a size of and is respectively 15cm * 15cm and 10cm * 10cm.
Preferably, the overall length of described mobile groove is 210cm～300cm, and the groove clear span is 15cm～40cm, groove clear height 15cm～40cm.
The present invention first reduces rubble flow by adopting, then the method for sampled measurements, can obtain the more rubble flow sample of reality, has advantages of directly perceived, with a high credibility; Secondly, this method is simple, and easily operation, eliminated the drawback that existing method needs professional or exact instrument just can carry out; The 3rd: this law has broad range of application, and the rubble flow from rare property to the whole character of viscosity is used this law all can draw satisfied result; The 4th: this law scene in the wild completes, and can draw in time data result.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the mobile reduction experiment device of embodiment of the present invention rubble flow used;
Fig. 2 is the flow schematic top plan view of hopper of reduction experiment device of rubble flow shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the flow sectional schematic diagram of mobile groove of reduction experiment device of rubble flow shown in Figure 1.
In figure: 1, hopper; 11, discharging opening; 2, mobile groove; 3, the pond that connects material.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for the present invention is described, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
As Figure 1-3, the mobile reduction experiment method of the rubble flow unit weight of the present embodiment comprises the steps: that (1) gathers the Debris Flow Deposition body of undisturbed, assortment on the spot; The Debris Flow Deposition body that (2) will collect sieves, and obtains on particle diameter the sample 100～120kg that is limited to 20mm; (3) get part sample (as 80kg) and add water (as 30kg), produce the rubble flow first sample, remaining sample is for the adjustment of subsequent step soil ratio; (4) to the rubble flow first sample of the obtaining reduction test that flows; (5) observe the mobility status of rubble flow first sample, and adjust as required its soil ratio, meet until it becomes the rubble flow sample that mobility required or piled up requirement; (6) to the rubble flow sample reduction test that flows, and take a sample in its flow process; (7) rubble flow sample sampling obtained carries out the volume and weight measurement, calculates its unit weight; (8) repeatedly repeating step (6) and (7), repeatedly take a sample, measure, calculate, the actual value of heavy measurement mean value as unit weight of trying to please.
Through experimental study, different higher limit particle diameter operating modes do not produce obvious impact to experimental result.
The rubble flow first sample of wanting to produce is diluted debris flow and while adopting infusion method to produce, and preferably, the sample obtained is soaked more than 2 hours; The rubble flow first sample of wanting to produce is viscous mud-flow and while adopting infusion method to produce, and preferably, the sample obtained is soaked more than 10 hours.
In the situation that the time does not allow to adopt infusion method, can adopt instant flow fused method to produce the rubble flow first sample, namely after sample adds water, by the mixture flow that makes sample and water, make the two fusion, want to produce the rubble flow first sample of character from diluted debris flow to various character such as viscous mud-flows, the mixture flow of sample and water is merged 2～5 times, wherein, diluted debris flow needs 2 times, and viscous mud-flow needs 5 times.
Preferably, described step (4) is carried out on the experimental provision mainly consisted of hopper 1, the groove 2 that flows, the pond 3 that connects material, the bottom of described hopper 1 is provided with discharging opening 11, one end of mobile groove 2 is placed in the below of discharging opening 11, the other end is placed in the top in the pond 3 that connects material, the actual gradient that the slope section of rubble flow occurs of inclination angle simulation of the groove 2 that flows.Through experimental study, the variation of the gradient is for the not significantly impact of changing bulk density of rubble flow.In experiment, to carry out the adjustment of the gradient, while in the groove that makes to flow, substantially without the alluvial situation, producing, just can meet the demands.
Preferably, the mobility in described step (5) requires, for after the discharging opening of opening hopper, in hopper, finally have mudstone residual, and residual mudstone to be less than 20% of total amount.
Preferably, the accumulation requirement in described step (5) is for after flowing through rubble flow in the groove that flows, and only local in the groove that flows have a small amount of mudstone to deposit.
Preferably, the volume of the sampling container of using in described step (6) is 2000～2500ml, every sub-sampling 1500～2000g.Because the corresponding unit weight of rubble flow tap section is higher, during sampling can tap shortly past the time take a sample.
Preferably, described hopper has two available discharging openings, and it is of a size of and is respectively 15cm * 15cm and 10cm * 10cm.Through experimental study, the not obvious unit weight result that affects rubble flow of the size of discharging opening, but requirement of experiment has mobility preferably.
Preferably, the overall length of described mobile groove is 210cm～300cm, and the groove clear span is 15cm～40cm, groove clear height 15cm～40cm.Through experimental study, the size of the groove that flows does not produce obvious impact to the unit weight experimental result of rubble flow.From the angle of reliability, experiment value wider range of larger mobile groove, can draw higher reliability after many experiments; Less grooved easily draws reliable result as early as possible, but requires the experimenter that experience is arranged, and can determine soon the scheme details in experiment, holds and requires the details suggestion to use in the situation that fully support.
Through experimental study, different unit weight operating modes do not produce obvious impact to the validity of experimental result.Value of bulk density is at 1.36～2.25t/m
3Between all can success obtain data, contained the scope of the paramount viscous mud-flow of diluted debris flow.The unit weight of a rubble flow is an interval range value, is a process of extremely withering away from high to low.
Application the present invention value of bulk density recorded and the value of bulk density obtained by other method are analyzed to contrast, and result has consistance preferably, illustrates that this law is reliable.Simultaneously, the present invention's more on-the-spot method of completing the square has higher reliability and applicable unit weight scope, than all kinds of particle diameter Content Methods, can draw sooner reliable result, and applicable unit weight scope is basically unrestricted, simultaneously for empirical also unrestricted.
The present invention first reduces rubble flow by adopting, then the method for sampled measurements, can obtain the more rubble flow sample of reality, has advantages of directly perceived, with a high credibility; Secondly, this method is simple, and easily operation, eliminated the drawback that existing method needs professional or exact instrument just can carry out; The 3rd: this law has broad range of application, and the rubble flow from rare property to the whole character of viscosity is used this law all can draw satisfied result; The 4th: this law scene in the wild completes, and can draw in time data result,
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the mobile reduction experiment method of a rubble flow unit weight, is characterized in that comprising the steps: that (1) gathers the Debris Flow Deposition body of undisturbed, assortment on the spot; The Debris Flow Deposition body that (2) will collect sieves, and obtains on particle diameter the sample 100～120kg that is limited to 20mm; (3) get the sample partly obtained and add water, produce the rubble flow first sample, remaining sample is for the adjustment of subsequent step soil ratio; (4) to the rubble flow first sample of the obtaining reduction test that flows; (5) observe the mobility status of rubble flow first sample, and adjust as required its soil ratio, meet until it becomes the rubble flow sample that mobility required or piled up requirement; (6) to the rubble flow sample reduction test that flows, and take a sample in its flow process; (7) rubble flow sample sampling obtained carries out the volume and weight measurement, calculates its unit weight; (8) repeatedly repeating step (6) and (7), repeatedly take a sample, measure, calculate, the actual value of heavy measurement mean value as unit weight of trying to please.
2. the mobile reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the rubble flow first sample of wanting to produce is diluted debris flow and while adopting infusion method to produce, and need soak more than 2 hours the sample obtained; The rubble flow first sample of wanting to produce is viscous mud-flow and while adopting infusion method to produce, and need soak more than 10 hours the sample obtained.
3. the mobile reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the rubble flow first sample of wanting to produce is diluted debris flow and while adopting instant flow fused legal system to get, and the mixture flow of sample and water is merged 2 times; The rubble flow first sample of wanting to produce is viscous mud-flow and while adopting instant flow fused legal system to get, and the mixture flow of sample and water is merged 5 times.
4. the mobile reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step (4) is carried out on the experimental provision mainly be comprised of hopper, the groove that flows, the pond that connects material, the bottom of described hopper is provided with discharging opening, one end of mobile groove is placed in the below of discharging opening, the other end is placed in the top in the pond that connects material, the actual gradient that the slope section of rubble flow occurs of inclination angle simulation of the groove that flows.
5. the mobile reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the mobility in described step (5) requires as after the discharging opening of opening hopper, in hopper, finally have mudstone residual, and residual mudstone is less than 20% of total amount.
6. the mobile reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the accumulation in described step (5) requires as after in the groove that flows, flowing through rubble flow, and only local in the groove that flows have a small amount of mudstone alluvial.
7. the mobile reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the volume of the sampling container of using in described step (6) is 2000～2500ml, every sub-sampling 1500～2000g.
8. the mobile reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described hopper has two available discharging openings, and it is of a size of and is respectively 15cm * 15cm and 10cm * 10cm.
9. the mobile reduction experiment method of rubble flow unit weight according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the overall length of described mobile groove is 210cm～300cm, the groove clear span is 15cm～40cm, groove clear height 15cm～40cm.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105004508A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-10-28 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Mud-rock flow along-the-way evolution test measurement system and parameter measuring method thereof |
| CN106053012A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-10-26 | 兰州大学 | Impact force simulation device and experiment method during debris flow movement erosion-deposition process |
| CN107391924A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-11-24 | 四川建筑职业技术学院 | A kind of earthquake region mud-rock flow unit weight computational methods based on mud-rock flow material resource particle size parameters |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105004508A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-10-28 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Mud-rock flow along-the-way evolution test measurement system and parameter measuring method thereof |
| CN105004508B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-08-25 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Mud-rock flow is along journey evolution parameter measuring method |
| CN106053012A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-10-26 | 兰州大学 | Impact force simulation device and experiment method during debris flow movement erosion-deposition process |
| CN107391924A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2017-11-24 | 四川建筑职业技术学院 | A kind of earthquake region mud-rock flow unit weight computational methods based on mud-rock flow material resource particle size parameters |
| CN107391924B (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2020-08-04 | 四川建筑职业技术学院 | Seismic region debris flow volume weight calculation method based on debris flow source particle size parameters |
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