The manufacture craft of the black tea of a kind of rich selenium
Art:
The invention belongs to biological fermentation field, relate to a kind of black tea fungus growing process, more particularly relate to the manufacture craft of the black tea of a kind of rich selenium.
Background technology
Selenium is referred to as by scientist " anticancer king " in body trace element, and scientific circles' research finds, the height of blood selenium level is closely bound up with the generation of cancer.A large amount of survey data explanations, a regional food and the height of Selenium in Soils content have direct relation with the incidence of disease of cancer, such as: the Se content in the food in this area and soil is high, the M & M of cancer is just low, otherwise, the cancer morbidity in this area and the death rate are just high, the generation close relation of statement of facts selenium and cancer.Scientific circles also recognize that selenium is " anticancer king " in body trace element simultaneously.Develop immunitypty, prevent diabetes, prevent cataract, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, prevent Keshan disease, Kaschin-Beck disease, arthritis, removing toxic substances, toxin expelling, prevent and treat hepatopathy, protection liver.Say selenium still quite large on the impact of people.
Golden flower is that the coronoid process of growth in traditional black tea brick falls apart being commonly called as of capsule bacterium (Eurotium Cristatum).This bacterium has the conversion that can promote various organic substance in tealeaves, greatly improves quality and the nutrition of fermented tea, and make tealeaves soup look reddish brown, fragrance is pure, the feature that flavour is mellow.Modern study also shows that it has the effect improving blood of human body biochemical indicator and obviously deoil greasy, sharp digestion, lowering blood-fat and reducing weight.Thus the attention of people is more and more caused.In order to promote growing dim of various tealeaves, many Tea Scientific Research personnel have carried out large quantifier elimination, such as: " Fu-brick tea grow dim technical research " is on the books in 1996 " tealeaves communication ", the Fu-brick tea optimum moisture content high-temperature high humidity season that grows dim is 20%-22%, dry season is 22%-25%, when being greater than 30%, tealeaves goes mouldy, optimum thickness is 4-5cm, the best of brick is 30% containing stalk amount, lower than 5% time be difficult to grow dim, with not higher than 25 DEG C under drying room temperature of growing dim conducting self-heating, be advisable with 30 DEG C under natural conditions.The progress of dominant bacteria in process " Fu-brick tea grow dim " is also on the books in " the tea science technology " of 2005: the optimal temperature that Fu-brick tea grows dim is 28-30 DEG C, the initial stage of growing dim controls at about 25 DEG C, mid-term can bring up to 28-32 DEG C, and pH value is 5, and humidity is less than 70%.Grow dim in addition the initial stage time golden flower be white dot, grow dim the later stage time golden flower be faint yellow spot.But can these researchs all rest on Fu-brick tea and grow dim.Describe in detail by low temperature slowly fermenting at the publication number Chinese patent that is CN102217688A and reduce tealeaves density and carry out large-scale production, to change the effect and improving the quality of products of growing dim, can prevent from again burning core to tealeaves and going mouldy simultaneously.But there is limitation: a tea making is mainly based on spring and summer season, and temperature is higher, and microbe species is various and easily grow, and adopts low temperature slowly fermenting wayward, also not energy-conservation.Though artificial reduction tealeaves density can not cause burn core to tealeaves, how easy residual microorganism is more goes mouldy.Two present methods adopt the coronoid process of artificial cultures to fall apart capsule bacterium liquid or add tea juice, though enhance the index of some aspect, can affect the original local flavor of whole fermented tea.Describe in detail at the publication number Chinese patent that is CN102524442A and adopt hot and humid method, the artificial coronoid process that increases falls apart capsule bacterium spore, and is fixed the method for golden flower by high temperature, extends its holding time.The Chinese patent being CN1656912 at publication number describes a kind of selenium-enriched vine tea and preparation method thereof in detail, by the air-dry surface water → sodium selenite solution that completes → knead → deblock → spray → stir → dry after the cleaning of the ampelopsis grossdentata rattan tender leaf of harvesting → add Herb tea (Gynostemma pentaphyllum) and Radix Glycyrrhizae mixing → finished product organic selenium-rich vine tea.The method mainly artificially to add inorganic selenium in vine tea manufacturing process, and content is very high in the product to make selenium element, and exist with inorganic selenium, but in fact inorganic selenium is not absorbed by the body utilization, only has Organic Selenium to be just absorbed by the body utilization.And we make full use of the local tea making existence conditions in Zhangjiajie, containing a large amount of selenium elements in endemic plant blade, increase coronoid process fall apart capsule bacterium reach shorten fermentation period solve simultaneously grow dim not comprehensive, utilize the coronoid process capsule bacterium that falls apart that inorganic selenium is converted into Organic Selenium, large-scale production goes out to have the Se rich tea product of local characteristic.But golden flower standing time is long be there will be thalline self-dissolving and disappear, Organic Selenium easily stripping from thalline in autolytic process, also makes Organic Selenium be converted into inorganic selenium, and therefore certain age black tea party occurs lacking Organic Selenium phenomenon.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to open one can solve not in place, the product of monitoring that grows dim and burn core and the problem such as to go mouldy, guarantee that tealeaves homogeneity of growing dim is good and be convenient to tea process that drink, that can keep the original quality of traditional zymotic tea, be rich in again Organic Selenium and Flavonoid substances.
Solution of the present invention is: the manufacture craft of the black tea of a kind of rich selenium, comprise drying, quality inspection, packaging and warehouse-in, its special character is to carry out following procedure of processing successively before drying process: Dark Green Tea raw material → wet heap → interpolation sodium selenite → steaming tea → sprinkling coronoid process sterilization → tealeaves after capsule bacterium conidia powder → tea sealing that falls apart grows dim → ultrasonic process → drying and packaging.
Procedure of processing in the technology of the present invention solution is as follows:
(1) wet heap: spray 30% Tea Polyphenols solution with sprayer in the Dark Green Tea raw material of drying, make its moisture control at 16-18%, after stirring and evenly mixing, temperature is controlled at 75-80 DEG C, relative air humidity at 80%-85%, wet heap 8-12 hour;
(2) add sodium selenite: with 0.001% sodium selenite solution by the tealeaves be sprayed at after wet heap, it is 25-30:1000 that the tealeaves volume (L) after volume (L) and the wet heap of wherein used sodium selenite solution compares;
(3) tea is steamed: with the steamed 5-10 second of 100-106 DEG C;
(4) spray coronoid process to fall apart capsule bacterium conidia powder: capsule bacterium conidia powder of being fallen apart by a certain amount of coronoid process is sprayed on the tealeaves after steam treatment, wherein used coronoid process falls apart the amount (kg) of capsule bacterium conidia powder with Dark Green Tea dry weight (kg) than being 15-20:100;
(5) tea sealing sterilization: hold the tealeaves through step (4) process gained with rectangular tank with cover, Fruit storage 10min, and by rectangular tank freshness protection package environmental sealing with cover, then carry out wet sterilization 5min with 100-115 DEG C of steam;
(6) tealeaves grows dim: after wet sterilization, rectangular tank with cover is placed on that relative air humidity is 70-85%, temperature is 30-35 DEG C;
(7) ultrasonic process: the tealeaves after growing dim is carried out ultrasonic wave process 10min, and ultrasonic frequency is greater than 20KHz;
(8) dry: drying is carried out at drying shed, and temperature controls at 35-45 DEG C, first high rear low, within being dried to moisture content 12%.
In one embodiment, coronoid process is used in step (4) to fall apart amount and the dry weight of tea leaves amount of capsule bacterium conidia powder than being 15-20:100.
In another embodiment, in step (6), the tealeaves time of growing dim is 3-5 days.
Technique effect:
1, ultrasonic process can reduce coronoid process and to fall apart the autolysis of capsule bacterium, can reach again the effect of fixing golden flower, be conducive at utmost protecting Organic Selenium, reduce the high-temperature oxydation degraded of Organic Selenium, also can prevent golden flower from reducing thalline under the high temperature conditions simultaneously.
2, have employed a large amount of coronoid process capsule bacterium conidia powder of faling apart and carry out Rapid Fermentation, decrease the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, tealeaves can not be caused to go mouldy problem, avoid coronoid process and to fall apart in capsule bacterium liquid culture medium to the former zestful impact of tealeaves.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate essentiality content of the present invention with embodiment of the present invention below, but do not limit the present invention with this.
Embodiment 1:
By 30% Tea Polyphenols solution (the 30% Tea Polyphenols solution preparation method: market buy the Tea Polyphenols powder of 60% of the Dark Green Tea raw material of 100Kg drying with atomizers spray 12kg, the water preparation of weight such as to add), its moisture is made to control at 16-18%, stirring and evenly mixing rear wet stack height is about 45cm, cover wet cotton, temperature controls at 70-80 DEG C, relative air humidity at 80%-85%, wet heap 8-12 hour; Spray 0.001% sodium selenite solution of 5L; With the steamed 5-10 second of 100-106 DEG C; Capsule bacterium conidia powder of being fallen apart by the coronoid process of 15kg is sprayed on the tealeaves after steam treatment; It is held the tealeaves after process with rectangular tank with cover, Fruit storage 10min, and by rectangular tank freshness protection package environmental sealing with cover, then carry out wet sterilization 5min with 100-115 DEG C of steam; After wet sterilization, rectangular tank with cover is placed on that relative air humidity is 70-85%, temperature is 30-35 DEG C; The time of growing dim is 3 days, can see that a large amount of golden flower grows, golden camellia tea be carried out ultrasonic wave process (frequency is greater than 20KHz) 10min; Drying is carried out at drying shed, temperature controls at 35-45 DEG C, first high rear low, within being dried to moisture content 12%, enter quality inspection, packaging, warehouse-in again, carrying out detection Se content by GB/t21729-2008 National Standard Method again after obtained tealeaves being carried out washing twice is 142 μ g/kg.
Case of comparative examples 1:
By the 30% Tea Polyphenols solution of the Dark Green Tea raw material of 100Kg drying with atomizers spray 12kg, make its moisture control at 16-18%, stirring and evenly mixing rear wet stack height is about 45cm, cover wet cotton, temperature controls at 70-80 DEG C, relative air humidity at 80%-85%, wet heap 8-12 hour; With the steamed 5-10 second of 100-106 DEG C; Capsule bacterium conidia powder of being fallen apart by the coronoid process of 15kg is sprayed on the tealeaves after steam treatment; It is held the tealeaves after process with rectangular tank with cover, and by rectangular tank freshness protection package environmental sealing with cover, then carry out wet sterilization 5min with 100-115 DEG C of steam; After wet sterilization, rectangular tank with cover is placed on that relative air humidity is 70-85%, temperature is 30-35 DEG C; The time of growing dim is 5 days, can see that a small amount of golden flower grows, golden camellia tea be carried out ultrasonic wave process (frequency is greater than 20KHz) 10min; Drying is carried out at drying shed, and temperature controls at 35-45 DEG C, and first high rear low, within being dried to moisture content 12%, then enter quality inspection, packaging, warehouse-in, detecting Se content is 23 μ g/kg.
Embodiment 2:
By the 30% Tea Polyphenols solution of the Dark Green Tea raw material of 200Kg drying with atomizers spray 25kg, make its moisture control at 16-18%, stirring and evenly mixing rear wet stack height is about 45cm, cover wet cotton, temperature controls at 70-80 DEG C, relative air humidity at 80%-85%, wet heap 8-12 hour; Spray 0.001% sodium selenite solution of 14L; With the steamed 5-10 second of 100-106 DEG C; Capsule bacterium conidia powder of being fallen apart by the coronoid process of 35kg is sprayed on the tealeaves after steam treatment; It is held the tealeaves after process with rectangular tank with cover, Fruit storage 10min, and by rectangular tank freshness protection package environmental sealing with cover, then carry out wet sterilization 5min with 100-115 DEG C of steam; After wet sterilization, rectangular tank with cover is placed on that relative air humidity is 70-85%, temperature is 30-35 DEG C; The time of growing dim is 4 days, can see that a large amount of golden flower grows, golden camellia tea be carried out ultrasonic wave process (frequency is greater than 20KHz) 10min; Drying is carried out at drying shed, and temperature controls at 35-45 DEG C, and first high rear low, within being dried to moisture content 12%, then enter quality inspection, packaging, warehouse-in, detecting Se content is 153 μ g/kg.
Case of comparative examples 2:
By the 30% Tea Polyphenols solution of the Dark Green Tea raw material of 200Kg drying with atomizers spray 25kg, make its moisture control at 16-18%, stirring and evenly mixing rear wet stack height is about 45cm, cover wet cotton, temperature controls at 70-80 DEG C, relative air humidity at 80%-85%, wet heap 8-12 hour; With the steamed 5-10 second of 100-106 DEG C; Capsule bacterium conidia powder of being fallen apart by the coronoid process of 35kg is sprayed on the tealeaves after steam treatment; It is held the tealeaves after process with rectangular tank with cover, and by rectangular tank freshness protection package environmental sealing with cover, then carry out wet sterilization 5min with 100-115 DEG C of steam; After wet sterilization, rectangular tank with cover is placed on that relative air humidity is 70-85%, temperature is 30-35 DEG C; The time of growing dim is 4 days, can see that a large amount of golden flower grows, golden camellia tea be carried out ultrasonic wave process (frequency is greater than 20KHz) 10min; Drying is carried out at drying shed, and temperature controls at 35-45 DEG C, and first high rear low, within being dried to moisture content 12%, then enter quality inspection, packaging, warehouse-in, detecting Se content is 33 μ g/kg.
Embodiment 3:
By the 30% Tea Polyphenols solution of the Dark Green Tea raw material of 300Kg drying with atomizers spray 40kg, make its moisture control at 16-18%, stirring and evenly mixing rear wet stack height is about 45cm, cover wet cotton, temperature controls at 70-80 DEG C, relative air humidity at 80%-85%, wet heap 8-12 hour; Spray 0.001% sodium selenite solution of 30L; With the steamed 5-10 second of 100-106 DEG C; Capsule bacterium conidia powder of being fallen apart by the coronoid process of 60kg is sprayed on the tealeaves after steam treatment; It is held the tealeaves after process with rectangular tank with cover, Fruit storage 10min, and by rectangular tank freshness protection package environmental sealing with cover, then carry out wet sterilization 5min with 100-115 DEG C of steam; After wet sterilization, rectangular tank with cover is placed on that relative air humidity is 70-85%, temperature is 30-35 DEG C; The time of growing dim is 4 days, can see that a large amount of golden flower grows, golden camellia tea be carried out ultrasonic wave process (frequency is greater than 20KHz) 10min; Drying is carried out at drying shed, and temperature controls at 35-45 DEG C, and first high rear low, within being dried to moisture content 12%, then enter quality inspection, packaging, warehouse-in, detecting Se content is 174 μ g/kg.