CN103401397A - 汽车自动变速器 - Google Patents

汽车自动变速器 Download PDF

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CN103401397A
CN103401397A CN201310308791XA CN201310308791A CN103401397A CN 103401397 A CN103401397 A CN 103401397A CN 201310308791X A CN201310308791X A CN 201310308791XA CN 201310308791 A CN201310308791 A CN 201310308791A CN 103401397 A CN103401397 A CN 103401397A
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胡晋青
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/005—Machines with only rotors, e.g. counter-rotating rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/02—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type
    • H02K49/04—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type
    • H02K49/043—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the asynchronous induction type of the eddy-current hysteresis type with a radial airgap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/262—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators the motor or generator are used as clutch, e.g. between engine and driveshaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/12—Induction machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/50—Structural details of electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/60—Electric Machines, e.g. motors or generators
    • B60Y2400/608—Clutch motors, i.e. having rotating stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)

Abstract

一种双转子结构的汽车自动变速器，包括外转子、内转子、左端盖、右端盖、轴承和集电环；内转子连接发动机输出轴，外转子连接主减速器输入轴。其特点是，外转子以实体钢加工而成，可以承受较大扭矩；内转子同样由实体钢加工而成，并且均匀分布着两两相间的两相励磁绕组；集电环是4线，分别连接到控制器的两个全桥输出，它既可以通入直流电在转子上形成恒定磁场，又可以通入相位差±90°的两相交变电流形成正、反旋转磁场。它解决了目前汽车自动变速器制造成本高、变速范围小的问题，适用于各种以汽油和柴油发动机为动力的汽车。

Description

汽车自动变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车工业领域，是一种自动变速器，适用于各种以汽油和柴油发动机为动力的汽车。
背景技术
目前，汽车自动变速器都是采用机械连接方式传输动力，其缺点是结构较为复杂，制造成本高，而且无论是齿轮方式还是带轮方式变速，受变速轮机械尺寸的限制其变比范围相对较窄。
发明内容
本发明为解决汽车自动变速器制造成本高、变速范围小的问题，提供一种简单的双转子结构、依靠电磁耦合传输动力的汽车自动变速器。
本发明的技术方案是，一种双转子结构的汽车自动变速器，包括外转子、内转子、左端盖、右端盖、轴承和集电环；内转子连接发动机输出轴，外转子连接主减速器输入轴。其特殊之处是，外转子以实体钢加工而成，可以承受较大扭矩；内转子同样由实体钢加工而成，并且均匀分布着两两相间的两相励磁绕组；集电环是4线，分别连接到控制器的两个全桥输出，它既可以通入直流电在转子上形成恒定磁场，又可以通入相位差±90°的两相交变电流形成正、反旋转磁场。
在发动机起动工况时，控制器在确认刹车踏板踩下或手刹拉起后，两相励磁绕组通入相位差+90°的交变电流，由于外转子静止，变速器变为两相异步电动机。可以通过变频、变压方式由内转子带动发动机曲轴逐渐加速旋转，对发动机的起动冲击要小于普遍使用的直流电机起动方式。待发动机达到怠速工况时，励磁绕组的电流为零，内转子与发动机同步旋转。鉴于内转子具有一定的转动惯量，可以考虑减小或取消发动机飞轮。
在汽车起步和加速工况，励磁绕组通入直流电流在内转子上形成恒定磁场，由于内转子与发动机同步旋转，从而在变速器内产生与发动机同步的旋转磁场。加速时内转子转速要大于外转子，通过调节内外转子的转速差和励磁电流大小，就可以产生一个驾驶者期望的转矩驱动汽车加速。例如，起步过程中外转子转速是20r/min，为了提高起步性能将发动机转速拉高到2000r/min，变比为100。事实上变比可以是无限大，汽车可以在省掉离合器的情况下从静止状态直接起步。
在汽车高速低负荷工况，励磁绕组通入相位差+90°的交变电流，变速器内旋转磁场转速是发动机转速和交变电流产生的旋转磁场转速之和。例如，发动机转速1500r/min，交变电流产生的旋转磁场转速是1000r/min，不考虑滑差的情况下，外转子的转速可达2500r/min，变比为0.6。
汽车的减速刹车工况分两种情况，一种是励磁绕组通入直流电流在内转子上形成恒定磁场，由发动机拖动外转子减速，可以通过调节励磁电流大小改变拖动转矩，产生一个驾驶者期望的滑行距离；另一种是汽车高速行驶紧急刹车的情况，励磁绕组通入相位差-90°的交变电流，形成反向旋转磁场，从而增大制动转矩，减小高速行驶紧急刹车距离。
本发明的技术效果是，采用上述技术方案可以实现一种结构简单、成本较低、变比范围更大的汽车自动变速器。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构主视图，并作摘要附图。
图2是内转子两相励磁绕组结构图。
图3是励磁绕组与控制器的连接电路图。
在图中，1.内转子、2.外转子、3.右端盖、4.左端盖、5.轴承、6.集电环、7.A相励磁绕组、8.B相励磁绕组。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图实施例对本发明进一步说明。
如图中所示，内转子(1)和外转子(2)依靠右端盖(3)、左端盖(4)和轴承(5)连接支撑，两者都可以轴向自由转动。内转子(1)连接发动机输出轴，外转子(2)连接主减速器输入轴。内转子(1)和外转子(2)由实体钢加工而成，可以承受较大扭矩。本例中，内转子(1)上均匀分布着12个两两相间的A相励磁绕组(7)和B相励磁绕组(8)，A相励磁绕组(7)由绕组(L1、L3、L5、L7、L9、L11)构成，B相励磁绕组(8)由绕组(L2、L4、L6、L8、L10、L12)构成。集电环是4线，将励磁绕组分别连接到控制器A相全桥(Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4)和B相全桥(Q5、Q6、Q7、Q8)的输出端，它既可以通入直流电在转子上形成恒定磁场，又可以通入相位差±90°的两相交变电流形成正、反旋转磁场。
在汽车起步和加速工况，开关管(Q1、Q4、Q5、Q8)导通，开关管(Q2、Q3、Q6、Q7)截止，励磁绕组中的直流电流产生方向不变的磁场，在内转子表面形成的磁场极性如表1所示，显然它是一个3极对磁场。由于内转子与发动机同步旋转，从而产生旋转磁场，带动外转子旋转。开关管(Q4、Q8)是用脉宽调制方式控制电流大小来改变磁场强度，调节加速力矩。汽车发动机拖动减速时，开关管的导通与截止状态类同，磁场方向也如表1所示。
表1 直流电流产生的磁场极性分布
绕组编号 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 L10 L11 L12
磁场极性 N N S S N N S S N N S S
在汽车高速低负荷工况，A相全桥(Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4)和B相全桥(Q5、Q6、Q7、Q8)产生相位差为+90°的方波交变电流，其磁场极性变化如表2所示，不难看出它是一个顺时针旋转的3极对磁场。变速器内旋转磁场转速是发动机转速和交变电流产生的旋转磁场转速之和。例如，交变电流频率是50Hz，3极对励磁绕组产生的旋转磁场转速是1000r/min，假定发动机转速是1500r/min，则变速器内旋转磁场转速为2500r/min。若用变速器起动发动机，A相全桥(Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4)和B相全桥(Q5、Q6、Q7、Q8)也是产生相位差为+90°的方波交变电流，其磁场极性变化也如表2所示，只不过频率是从0Hz到50Hz逐步提高。
表2 相位差+90°交变电流产生的旋转磁场
Figure BSA00000928937300021
在汽车高速行驶紧急刹车时，A相全桥(Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4)和B相全桥(Q5、Q6、Q7、Q8)产生相位差为-90°的方波交变电流，其磁场极性变化如表3所示，它是一个逆时针旋转的3极对磁场。它与外转子的旋转方向相反，从而产生反向制动转矩。
表3 相位差-90°交变电流产生的旋转磁场
Figure BSA00000928937300031

Claims (1)

1.一种双转子结构的汽车自动变速器，包括外转子、内转子、左端盖、右端盖、轴承和集电环；外转子以实体钢加工而成，可以承受较大扭矩；内转子同样由实体钢加工而成，并且均匀分布着两两相间的两相励磁绕组；集电环是4线，分别连接到控制器的两个全桥输出，它既可以通入直流电在转子上形成恒定磁场，又可以通入相位差±90°的两相交变电流形成正、反旋转磁场。
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PCT/CN2014/080178 WO2015007131A1 (zh) 2013-07-16 2014-06-18 汽车自动变速器
US14/994,145 US20160126817A1 (en) 2013-07-16 2016-01-13 Automobile automatic transmission

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