CN103399173A - Wind speed and wind direction evaluating system and method - Google Patents
Wind speed and wind direction evaluating system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103399173A CN103399173A CN2013103452311A CN201310345231A CN103399173A CN 103399173 A CN103399173 A CN 103399173A CN 2013103452311 A CN2013103452311 A CN 2013103452311A CN 201310345231 A CN201310345231 A CN 201310345231A CN 103399173 A CN103399173 A CN 103399173A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wind speed and wind direction evaluating system and method. The evaluation system comprises a microphone array, an analog modulation circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a digital signal processor, a data output circuit and a system power supply circuit; the evaluating method comprises the steps of array signal inputting, signal preprocessing, interchannel consistency evaluation, wind direction conversion, wind speed conversion and wind speed wind direction data outputting. Through the reasonable distribution of the microphone array and the combination of low computation complexity of array signal processing algorithm, the system and method provided by the invention realizes wind speed and wind direction real-time and high sensitivity evaluation. The system and method have not only the advantages of general non-mechanical wind speed measurement system, but also the advantages of wide wind speed measurement range, high sensitivity, and fast response speed, can work within a wider temperature range, and realize high precision measurement of lower wind speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to digital signal processing technique field, particularly relate to a kind of wind speed and direction evaluating system and method.
Background technology
The wind speed and direction evaluating system mainly is divided into mechanical type and on-mechanical formula two classes.Mechanical type mainly comprises wind-cup type and propeller type, and in routine use, mechanical friction and dust, sandstone impact and abrasive action rotatable parts, causes mechanical type wind speed and direction evaluating system not high serviceable life; In the icing situation of low temperature, weathervane, vane are frozen in and can not rotate, and also will cause mechanical type wind speed and direction evaluating system malfunctioning; Affected by maximum static friction force, for the less situation of wind speed, mechanical type wind speed and direction evaluating system can't obtain air speed value accurately.The hot type air velocity transducer, have the advantages such as simple in structure, cheap, measuring wind speed wide ranges, highly sensitive, fast response time, but its measurement result is affected seriously by environment temperature and ambient humidity.Although ultrasound wind measuring accuracy is higher, price is more expensive, and has relatively high expectations in installation site.The anemometer of dynamometry mode is subjected to the impact of critical Reynolds district phenomenon, and the measurement result linearity is poor, and the force measuring method of its dependence, and less stable works long hours under rugged surroundings.Based on the microphone array technology, by the rational deployment microphone array, in conjunction with low computational complexity array signal method for assessing consistency, realize the evaluating system of wind speed and direction, have no at present Related product and research.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of wind speed and direction evaluating system and method.Usually wind noise often is used as undesired signal in Array Signal Processing, affects the performance of acoustic array signal processing system, and generally wind speed is larger, and wind noise is stronger, and the impact of its pair array signal processing system is more serious.The present invention utilizes wind speed pair array signal to process the proportional relation of impact, adopts the array signal method for assessing consistency, provides the wind speed and direction assessment data.
Wind speed and direction evaluating system of the present invention comprises: microphone array, simulated modulation circuit, analog to digital conversion circuit, digital signal processor, data output circuit, system power supply circuit.Microphone array, be responsible for collecting under different wind speed and directions, and wind acts on the acoustical signal that produces on microphone system, and the array element quantity of microphone array is (to comprise three) more than three; The simulated modulation circuit, carry out the analog signal processing such as signal amplification, limit bandwidth by the acoustical signal that microphone is collected; Analog to digital conversion circuit, carry out analog to digital to the simulated modulation circuit output signal and synchronously change, the generating digital sequence; Digital signal processor, process analog to digital conversion circuit output Serial No., obtains the wind speed and direction data; Data output circuit, according to the wind speed and direction data of set host-host protocol output digit signals processor generation; The system power supply circuit, for system provides stable working power.
Described microphone array is classified as, quaternary battle array, hexa-atomic battle array, eight yuan of battle arrays or ten yuan of battle arrays, and the topological structure of microphone array is circle battle array, square formation, linear array, spheric array or tetrahedron battle array., array aperture and array topology, can be according to the technical target of the product demand reasonable disposition of wind speed and direction evaluating system.Generally, array element quantity is more, and array aperture is larger, and array topology Central Symmetry degree is high, and precision and the sensitivity of wind speed and direction evaluating system are higher.
Described simulated modulation circuit should guarantee the amplitude-phase consistance that each channel signal of array is processed, and each interchannel signal uniformity for the treatment of affects the precision of wind speed and direction evaluating system.
Described analog to digital conversion circuit should be adopted as synchronous change-over circuit, guarantees that each channel data of array gathers synchronous, and the net synchronization capability of analog to digital converter affects the precision of wind speed and direction evaluating system.
Wind speed and direction evaluating system workflow is: the wind that microphone array is collected acts on the simulating signal on microphone, after same gain, equiphase amplification, the limit bandwidth of simulated modulation circuit are processed, send into analog to digital conversion circuit and synchronously convert Serial No. to, digital signal processor adopts wind speed and direction appraisal procedure assessment Serial No., obtain the wind speed and direction data, give data output circuit, according to set host-host protocol output.The system power supply circuit, for system provides stable working power.
The appraisal procedure of described evaluating system comprises the following steps:
Microphone array gathers the acoustical signal of wind effect;
The simulated modulation circuit carries out analog signal processing to the acoustical signal of microphone array collection;
Analog to digital conversion circuit carries out analog to digital to the acoustical signal after analog signal processing synchronously to be changed, and digitizing microphone array Serial No. is provided, for subsequent treatment module executive signal disposal route;
Signal Pretreatment, carry out the digital signal pre-service such as baseline removal, digital filtering, signal normalization;
Digital signal processor adopts the interchannel method for assessing consistency, and pair array interchannel numerical sequence signal carries out compliance evaluation;
Digital signal processor, according to interchannel compliance evaluation result, by set wind direction conversion method, converses the wind direction data-signal;
Digital signal processor, according to interchannel compliance evaluation result, by set wind speed conversion method, converses the air speed data signal;
Data output circuit, according to set output data protocol, is exported air speed data signal and wind direction data-signal.
The wind speed and direction appraisal procedure comprises: array signal input, Signal Pretreatment, interchannel compliance evaluation, wind direction convert, wind speed converts, the output of wind speed and direction data.The array signal input, provide digitizing microphone array Serial No., for subsequent treatment module executive signal disposal route; Signal Pretreatment, carry out the digital signal pre-service such as baseline removal, digital filtering, signal normalization; The interchannel compliance evaluation, adopt the passage consistency appraisal procedure, and pair array interchannel signal carries out compliance evaluation; Wind direction converts, and according to interchannel compliance evaluation result, by set wind direction conversion method, converses the wind direction data; Wind speed converts, and according to interchannel compliance evaluation result, by set wind speed conversion method, converses air speed data; The output of wind speed and direction data, according to set output data protocol, output wind speed and direction data.
As can be seen here: 1. described interchannel compliance evaluation can be by multiple assessment operational methods such as related coefficient statistical calculation method, covariance statistical calculation method, relative variance statistical calculation method, relative standard deviation's statistical calculation method and relative residual error statistical calculation methods, the nonidentity operation method is at computational complexity, system resource takies, there is larger difference the aspects such as operation result precision and sensitivity, can be selected according to the system actual demand.
2. described wind direction convert and wind speed convert can be by tabling look-up, the computing method such as numerical value conversion, linear fit, curve, fuzzy reasoning realize, the nonidentity operation method is at computational complexity, system resource takies, there is larger difference the aspects such as operation result precision and sensitivity, can be selected according to the system actual demand.
3. described wind direction converts and wind speed converts by tabling look-up, numerical value conversion, linear fit, curve or fuzzy reasoning are realized.
4. described analog to digital conversion circuit carries out the synchronous conversion of analog to digital to the acoustical signal after analog signal processing and digital signal processor adopts the interchannel method for assessing consistency to carry out between compliance evaluation numerical sequence signal, and further comprising the steps of: digital signal processor word sequence signal is carried out the digital signal pre-service of baseline removal, digital filtering and signal normalization.
Owing to having adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention compared with prior art, has following advantage and good effect: the measuring wind speed wide ranges, highly sensitive, fast response time, can be operated in wide temperature range, realizes the high-acruracy survey of low wind speed.The present invention, except the advantage with general on-mechanical formula wind velocity measurement system, also has the measuring wind speed wide ranges, and is highly sensitive, and the advantage of fast response time can be operated in wide temperature range, realizes the high-acruracy survey of low wind speed.Specific targets are:
Measurement range is wide: 0.1～60m/s
Sensitivity: 0.05m/s
Response speed: 0.1s.
The different consistencies operational method is at computational complexity, and system resource takies, and there is larger difference the aspects such as operation result precision and sensitivity;
Wind direction converts and wind speed converts, and the nonidentity operation method is at computational complexity, and system resource takies, and there is larger difference operation result precision aspect.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 quaternary circle battle array microphone array topological structure;
Fig. 2 wind speed and direction appraisal procedure embodiment;
Fig. 3 wind speed and direction evaluating system block diagram;
Fig. 4 wind speed and direction appraisal procedure process flow diagram;
The amplification filtering simulated modulation circuit that Fig. 5 Max4466 builds.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only are not used in and limit the scope of the invention be used to the present invention is described.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims limited range equally.
The wind speed and direction evaluating system that relates to of the present invention comprises: microphone array, simulated modulation circuit, analog to digital conversion circuit, digital signal processor, data output circuit, system power supply circuit, accompanying drawing 3 are depicted as wind speed and direction evaluating system block diagram.
The wind speed and direction evaluating system design performance index that the present embodiment relates to is: data output frequency 4Hz, wind speed Evaluation accuracy 0.1m/s, wind direction Evaluation accuracy 22.5 degree, measuring wind speed scope 0.1m/s～32m/s.
Microphone array, be defined as quaternary circle battle array, and array aperture R is defined as 4 centimetres, and as shown in Figure 1, microphone is selected the MEMS microphone ADMP504 of U.S. Analog Device company production to array topology; The simulated modulation circuit, the filtering and amplifying circuit that the Max4466 amplifier of selecting U.S. Maxim company to produce is built, circuit theory diagrams as shown in Figure 5, amplifying circuit gain G=R4/R2, be set as 10 times, C2/R2 forms Hi-pass filter, and C4/R4 forms low-pass filter, and filter passbands is set as 2Hz～1kHz; Analog to digital conversion circuit, the AD73360 that selects U.S. Analog Device company to produce, sampling rate is set as 4kSPS, realizes the synchronous ADC of four tunnel simulating signals; Digital signal processor, select the MSP430F1611 mixed signal controller of U.S. Texas Instruments company production, realizes the digital signal processing of Serial No., and data are processed buffer zone and are set as 4 passages, and every channel buffer size is the 1k sampled point; Data output circuit, adopt the MAX3223 that U.S. Maxim company produces to form the rs-232 standard serial interface circuit; The system power supply circuit, use the MAX8887 that U.S. Maxim company produces to produce the required 3.3V direct supply of system works.
The wind speed and direction appraisal procedure comprises: array signal input, Signal Pretreatment, interchannel compliance evaluation, wind direction convert, wind speed converts, the output of wind speed and direction data.Array signal is input as the four railway digital bursts that conversion produces through AD73360, defines the four railway digital bursts that collect in certain 1/4 second time period and is:
X
A={x
a1,x
a2,x
a3,…,x
a1000}；
X
B={x
b1,x
b2,x
b3,…,x
b1000}；
X
C={x
c1,x
c2,x
c3,…,x
c1000}；
X
D={x
d1,x
d2,x
d3,…,x
d1000}；
Modulus conversion chip AD73360 is operated in the difference input state, the simulated modulation circuit has been implemented bandpass filtering treatment, at data output frequency 4Hz, wind speed Evaluation accuracy 0.1m/s, wind direction Evaluation accuracy 22.5 degree, the system performance of measuring wind speed scope 0.1m/s～32m/s requires under prerequisite, and the Signal Pretreatment step can be omitted.
The interchannel compliance evaluation, adopt covariance statistical calculation method, definition:
Cov(X,Y)=E{[X-E(X)][Y-E(Y)]}
For sequence X, the covariance of Y, therefore, between four railway digital bursts, the covariance computing method are:
Covariance between passage A and channel B: C
AB=Cov (X
A, X
B)=E{[X
A-E (X
A)] [X
B-E (X
B)]
Covariance between passage A and channel C: C
AC=Cov (X
A, X
C)=E{[X
A-E (X
A)] [X
C-E (X
C)]
Covariance between channel B and channel C: C
BC=Cov (X
B, X
C)=E{[X
B-E (X
B)] [X
C-E (X
C)]
Covariance: C between channel B and passage D
BD=Cov (X
B, X
D)=E{[X
B-E (X
B)] [X
D-E (X
D)]
Due to array topology Central Symmetry, C
BC=C
AD, C
AB=C
CD, so C
ADWith C
CDRefuse double counting.
Consistency coefficient between array channel: C
Db=log (C
BD+ C
BC+ C
AC+ C
AB)
The wind speed conversion method adopts the numerical value conversion method, and the numerical value reduction formula is:
Wind speed: V=2 * Sqrt (C
Db– 4) (m/s), wherein Sqrt is for opening the root operation.
The wind direction appraisal procedure is divided into three steps, and the first step is according to D=Max (C
BD, C
BC, C
AC, C
AB) determine orientation substantially, suppose that maximal value is C
AC, be microphone A and microphone C line vector direction; Second step adopts correlation method to calculate time delay T between passage A and channel C, T>0, wind direction cardinal principle orientation is microphone A and microphone C line direction vector A
AC=180 °, T<0, wind direction cardinal principle orientation is microphone C and microphone A line direction vector A
CA=0 °, suppose T>0, wind direction orientation substantially is microphone A and microphone C line direction vector A
AC=180 °; The 3rd step is found out and C
ACOrthogonal directions C
BD, calculate wind direction deviation angle A=arctan (C
BD/ C
AC), suppose A=12 °, the wind direction assessment result is A
win=A
AC+ A=180 °+12 °=192 °.
The output of wind speed and direction data, adopt 3 byte data agreements, and the first byte unsigned int data represent air speed data, and unit is m/s; Wind direction data under the 0 degree clockwise angle expression way of the positive north of second and third byte representative, unit is degree.
Be not difficult to find, the present invention calculates acoustic array interchannel consistance by covariance statistical calculation method, and then assessment wind speed and direction information, can provide in real time wind speed and direction information under current weather environment.The wind speed and direction evaluating system that adopts this patent method to realize, the measuring wind speed wide ranges, highly sensitive, fast response time, can be operated in wide temperature range, realizes the high-acruracy survey of low wind speed.
Claims (10)
1. wind speed and direction evaluating system is characterized in that described evaluating system comprises:
Microphone array, in order to collect under different wind speed and directions, wind acts on the acoustical signal that produces on microphone system, and the array element quantity of microphone array is more than three;
The simulated modulation circuit, carry out the analog signal processing such as signal amplification, limit bandwidth by the acoustical signal that microphone is collected;
Analog to digital conversion circuit, carry out analog to digital to the simulated modulation circuit output signal and synchronously change, the generating digital sequence;
Digital signal processor, process analog to digital conversion circuit output Serial No., obtains the wind speed and direction data;
Data output circuit, according to the wind speed and direction data of set host-host protocol output digit signals processor generation;
The system power supply circuit, for system provides stable working power.
2. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that described microphone array classifies quaternary battle array, hexa-atomic battle array, eight yuan of battle arrays or ten yuan of battle arrays as, and the topological structure of microphone array is circle battle array, square formation, linear array, spheric array or tetrahedron battle array.
3. system according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that be configured to several centimetres to tens meters in array elements aperture.
4. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that described simulated modulation circuit should guarantee the amplitude-phase consistance that each channel signal of array is processed.
5. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that analog to digital conversion circuit is synchronous change-over circuit, guarantees that each channel data of array gathers synchronous.
According to claim 1-2 and 4-6 in the described system of any one, it is characterized in that:
1. the aperture R of quaternary circular array is 4 centimetres;
2. microphone is selected the MEMS microphone ADMP504 that U.S. Analog Device company produces;
3. simulated modulation circuit, the filtering and amplifying circuit that the Max4466 amplifier of selecting U.S. Maxim company to produce is built, filter passbands is set as 2Hz～1kHz;
4. analog to digital conversion circuit, select the AD73360 of U.S. Analog Device company production, and sampling rate is set as 4kSPS, realizes the synchronous ADC of four tunnel simulating signals;
5. digital signal processor, select the MSP430F1611 mixed signal controller of U.S. Texas Instruments company production, realizes the digital signal processing of Serial No.; Data output circuit, adopt the MAX3223 that U.S. Maxim company produces to form the rs-232 standard serial interface circuit;
6. the system power supply circuit, use the MAX8887 that U.S. Maxim company produces to produce the required 3.3V direct supply of system works.
7. appraisal procedure of the wind speed and direction based on system claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described appraisal procedure comprises the following steps:
Microphone array gathers the acoustical signal of wind effect;
The simulated modulation circuit carries out analog signal processing to the acoustical signal of microphone array collection;
Analog to digital conversion circuit carries out analog to digital to the acoustical signal after analog signal processing synchronously to be changed, and digitizing microphone array Serial No. is provided, for subsequent treatment module executive signal disposal route;
Digital signal processor adopts the interchannel method for assessing consistency, and numerical sequence signal is carried out to compliance evaluation;
Digital signal processor, according to interchannel compliance evaluation result, by set wind direction conversion method, converses the wind direction data-signal;
Digital signal processor, according to interchannel compliance evaluation result, by set wind speed conversion method, converses the air speed data signal;
Data output circuit, according to set output data protocol, is exported air speed data signal and wind direction data-signal.
8. appraisal procedure according to claim 7, it is characterized in that described interchannel compliance evaluation, by related coefficient statistical calculation method, covariance statistical calculation method, relative variance statistical calculation method, relative standard deviation's statistical calculation method or residual error statistical calculation method realization relatively.
9. appraisal procedure according to claim 7, is characterized in that described wind direction converts and wind speed converts by tabling look-up, numerical value conversion, linear fit, curve or fuzzy reasoning realize.
10. wind speed and direction appraisal procedure according to claim 7, it is characterized in that described analog to digital conversion circuit carries out the synchronous conversion of analog to digital to the acoustical signal after analog signal processing and digital signal processor adopts the interchannel method for assessing consistency to carry out between compliance evaluation numerical sequence signal, further comprising the steps of:
Digital signal processor word sequence signal is carried out the digital signal pre-service of baseline removal, digital filtering and signal normalization.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103675950A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-03-26 | 苏州市峰之火数码科技有限公司 | Fixed wind power monitor |
| CN114609410A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-10 | 西南交通大学 | Portable wind characteristic measuring equipment based on acoustic signals and intelligent algorithm |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1530928A (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2004-09-22 | 哈曼贝克自动系统-威美科公司 | System for inhibitting wind noise |
| CN1781032A (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2006-05-31 | 电信网络信息有限公司 | Improved sodar sounding of the lower atmosphere |
| CN103149469A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-06-12 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Climate correcting method of radio disturbance and audible noise of direct current transmission line |
-
2013
- 2013-08-08 CN CN201310345231.1A patent/CN103399173B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1530928A (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2004-09-22 | 哈曼贝克自动系统-威美科公司 | System for inhibitting wind noise |
| CN1781032A (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2006-05-31 | 电信网络信息有限公司 | Improved sodar sounding of the lower atmosphere |
| CN103149469A (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2013-06-12 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Climate correcting method of radio disturbance and audible noise of direct current transmission line |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103675950A (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2014-03-26 | 苏州市峰之火数码科技有限公司 | Fixed wind power monitor |
| CN114609410A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-10 | 西南交通大学 | Portable wind characteristic measuring equipment based on acoustic signals and intelligent algorithm |
| CN114609410B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-11-18 | 西南交通大学 | Portable wind characteristic measuring equipment based on acoustic signals and intelligent algorithm |
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