CN103393211B - Stalk technique can be gone by on-line checkingi with the leaf of beating controlling wind dispensing quality - Google Patents

Stalk technique can be gone by on-line checkingi with the leaf of beating controlling wind dispensing quality Download PDF

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CN103393211B
CN103393211B CN201310333492.1A CN201310333492A CN103393211B CN 103393211 B CN103393211 B CN 103393211B CN 201310333492 A CN201310333492 A CN 201310333492A CN 103393211 B CN103393211 B CN 103393211B
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stalk
leaf
quality
machine group
conveyer belt
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CN103393211A (en
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李涛
卯彦
张勇
张俊荣
杨晓华
张云
李艳华
汪洪春
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YUNNAN KSEC DESIGN RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd.
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Yunnan Kunming Shipbuilding Design and Research Institute
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Abstract

Stalk technique can be gone by on-line checkingi with the leaf of beating controlling wind dispensing quality, be provided with sampling detection every grade of threshing machine group and gather conveyer belt, every grade of threshing machine group defoliator outlet and every typhoon divide the discharging opening of device be provided with sampler sampling and by sample delivery to corresponding region sampling detection gather on conveyer belt, also be provided with sampler sampling in the defoliator import of second level threshing machine group and follow-up threshing machine group and sample delivery is gathered on conveyer belt to previous stage sampling detection, gather other being provided with of conveyer belt in every one-level sampling detection and on-line checkingi sampling can detect the leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment gathering sample on conveyer belt.The present invention realizes Based Intelligent Control, raising leaf stalk disintegrate-quality to leaf stalk separating technology section wind dispensing equipment.

Description

Stalk technique can be gone by on-line checkingi with the leaf of beating controlling wind dispensing quality
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco threshing to go to obstruct technology field.
Background technology
Beating and double roasting first carries out leaf, stalk separation to the tobacco leaf after just baking, and then its moisture content is adjusted to the process being suitable for storage and alcoholization requirement.Beating and double roasting connects former cigarette and cigarette " tie ", is one critical process before the alcoholization of tobacco leaf warehouse-in.In beating and double roasting process, leaf stalk separating technology section (i.e. threshing machine group) affects the unique master operation of product form, its crudy is comparatively large on the impact of throwing quality, and the latter is the key factor determining cigarette quality (as individual cigarette weight, density of tobacco rod, end tobacco-falling quantity, loose-ends ratio and quality stability of rolled).Therefore, how to improve, stabilization vane stalk disintegrate-quality is that cigarette product keeps higher quality and flavour characteristic key.The most important index of leaf stalk disintegrate-quality comprises: containing leaf rate, long stalk rate etc. in blade construction (as large stretch of rate, middle rate, small pieces rate, fragment rate), Ye Zhonghan stalk rate, stalk.
Leaf stalk separating technology section comprises makes leaf and wind score process, raw tobacco is carried out heating and moistening through pretreatment by threshing redrying plant, defoliator is entered satisfied beating after leaf requires, defoliator is by playing the rotation of roller, the role of tear of beating between roller and frame hurdle is utilized to realize the disengaging of offal and blade, divide device to carry out pneumatic separating through wind again, realize being separated of offal and blade.Threshing machine group all adopts multistage wind dispensing pattern, be generally four and make 11 scores, every one-level beat leaf operation be equipped with quantity do not wait and in and the defoliator of column distribution, every one-level is also equipped with quantity and does not wait and in the wind score device of series arrangement after making leaf operation, free blade after the defoliator process that one-level beats leaf operation, mixture in conjunction with blade and offal enters the wind after this grade by conveyer belt and divides device to isolate a part of blade, the offal having minute quantity is mixed in this partial blade, remaining mixture continues to enter secondary and beats leaf operation, order according to this, until afterbody beats leaf operation, leaf stalk is separated completely, now threshing machine group end out be almost offal entirely, although make leaf force 11 wind score through level Four, but the separation of leaf stalk can not be fully and completely, minute quantity blade is still mingled with in offal.The blade that the blade dividing device to separate by wind divides rear passage to enter threshing machine group by respective wind gathers conveyer belt, how many grades of wind are had to divide device just to have how many blade paths, and offal passage only has one, be the afterbody discharging opening of threshing machine group, this discharging opening is connected with offal conveyer belt.
At present in beating and double roasting production process, due to the limitation by existing processing quality assay method and means, measurement result is seriously delayed.Beat leaf quality and many factors is set etc. by the running parameter of tobacco leaf characteristic, supplied materials physical state, leaves beating type and performance, threshing machine group, wind dispensing process relies on the personal experience of a line operator to carry out manual adjustments always, and leaf stalk disintegrate-quality cannot be controlled effectively and improve.First, the blade construction in leaf stalk disintegrate-quality index, Ye Zhonghan stalk rate gather conveyer belt sampling from the blade of threshing machine group to detect, and be then detect from the sampling of offal conveyer belt containing leaf rate, long stalk rate in stalk, namely current sampling test point only has two places.Secondly, its principle of current detection method, after all based on weight method, by manual or weigh respectively after realizing different material specification or assortment by equipment again, finally calculate various weight ratio and obtains leaf stalk disintegrate-quality index.Therefore current leaf of making goes stalk technique to there is following major defect: a) testing result of leaf stalk disintegrate-quality index cannot be used to adjust threshing machine group running parameter (as made roller rotating speed, wind score air quantity) in time targetedly.Because threshing machine group comprises multistage wind dispensing operation, leaf stalk disintegrate-quality index is obtained even if therefore detect, the unclear operational factor that should adjust any platform defoliator or wind and divide device, operating personnel can only go repeatedly to debug by rule of thumb, not only waste time and energy, leaf also may be caused further to obstruct the fluctuation of disintegrate-quality.B) measurement result of leaf stalk disintegrate-quality index is seriously delayed.These indexs adopt artificial timing sampling, and vibrosieve or artificial treatment, comparison, weigh, calculated weight ratio, finally obtains testing result.This method wastes time and energy, poor real, is difficult to realize on-line checkingi, and the information content detected is few, substantially only has weight parameter.C) be difficult to the processing of satisfied current tobacco by output control to process control, by norm controlling to state modulator, changed to automatically controlling science decision by Artificial Control empirical decision making, the developing goal of the final beating and double roasting that realizes becoming more meticulous.
Summary of the invention
For these reasons, the object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly on-line checkingi and the leaf of beating that controls wind dispensing quality can go stalk technique, to realize Based Intelligent Control to leaf stalk separating technology section wind dispensing equipment, raising leaf obstructs disintegrate-quality.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
Stalk technique can be gone by on-line checkingi with the leaf of beating controlling wind dispensing quality, comprise the threshing machine group of more than one-level or one-level, every one-level threshing machine group includes at least one defoliator or more than two defoliators arranged side by side, the wind being provided with more than at least one or two series connection after every platform defoliator divides device, the offal conveyer belt that exports of offal will be respectively arranged with blade sampling test point and offal sampling test point after last typhoon gathering conveyer belt and be arranged at afterbody threshing machine group at the blade blade after wind dispensing being gathered output divides device, be provided with sampling detection every grade of threshing machine group and gather conveyer belt, every grade of threshing machine group defoliator outlet and every typhoon divide the discharging opening of device be provided with sampler sampling and by sample delivery to corresponding region sampling detection gather on conveyer belt, also be provided with sampler sampling in the defoliator import of second level threshing machine group and follow-up threshing machine group and sample delivery is gathered on conveyer belt to previous stage sampling detection, gather other being provided with of conveyer belt in every one-level sampling detection and on-line checkingi sampling can detect the leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment gathering sample on conveyer belt, be delivered to the discharge end of corresponding threshing machine group defoliator by blade feeding back device from the leaf sample out of every platform leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment, afterbody leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment offal sample is out delivered on offal conveyer belt by offal feeding back device, all defoliators, wind divide device, checkout equipment is all connected with control system, by from all sample point on-line period and after testing equipment to sample detection, again the leaf sample detected is recycled to threshing machine group by blade feeding back device and the offal sample detected is recycled to offal conveyer belt by offal feeding back device, realize the on-line checkingi of checkout equipment to every one-level threshing machine group wind dispensing posterior lobe stalk disintegrate-quality index, in real time every one-level threshing machine group parameter is automatically adjusted by control system according to on-line checkingi result.
Wind dispensing posterior lobe stalk disintegrate-quality index of the present invention comprises in blade construction, Ye Zhonghan stalk rate, stalk containing any one or a few in leaf rate, long stalk rate.Described blade feeding back device and offal feeding back device can adopt ribbon conveyer or jigging conveyer.Described sampler is rotating belt or pants type sub-feed tube or pneumatic valve or manipulator.Described leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment is the checkout equipment based on image method, by absorbing the sample image collected, detecting and obtaining in blade construction, Ye Zhonghan stalk rate, stalk containing leaf rate, long stalk rate.
First the present invention significantly increases sampling test point in wind dispensing district, except the blade retaining original wind dispensing district gathers conveyer belt and offal conveyer belt two sampling test point, device leafing passage is divided all to increase sampling test point newly at each wind, also sampling test point is provided with outlet in the import of the outlet of one-level defoliator and follow-up every one-level defoliator, and leaf is obstructed disintegrate-quality checkout equipment and be arranged near threshing machine group nearby, to realize adjusting targetedly the running parameter that every one-level defoliator and wind divide device.By sampler, feeding back device, checkout equipment and threshing machine group are linked together, are formed and independently detect bypass, realize on-line checkingi pattern.The present invention can realize the on-line checkingi of leaf stalk disintegrate-quality index, realizes the automatic control of intelligent leaf stalk disintegrate-quality.
Content of the present invention is set forth further below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the detection system schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the control system schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figure 1, of the present inventionly on-line checkingi and the leaf of beating that controls wind dispensing quality can go stalk technique, comprise the threshing machine group of more than one-level or one-level, every one-level threshing machine group includes at least one defoliator or more than two defoliators arranged side by side, the wind being provided with more than at least one or two series connection after every platform defoliator divides device, the offal conveyer belt that exports of offal will be respectively arranged with blade sampling test point and offal sampling test point after last typhoon gathering conveyer belt and be arranged at afterbody threshing machine group at the blade blade after wind dispensing being gathered output divides device, be provided with sampling detection every grade of threshing machine group and gather conveyer belt, every grade of threshing machine group defoliator outlet and every typhoon divide the discharging opening of device be provided with sampler sampling and by sample delivery to corresponding region sampling detection gather on conveyer belt, also be provided with sampler sampling in the defoliator import of second level threshing machine group and follow-up threshing machine group and sample delivery is gathered on conveyer belt to previous stage sampling detection, gather other being provided with of conveyer belt in every one-level sampling detection and on-line checkingi sampling can detect the leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment gathering sample on conveyer belt, be delivered to the discharge end of corresponding threshing machine group defoliator by blade feeding back device from the leaf sample out of every platform leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment, afterbody leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment offal sample is out delivered on offal conveyer belt by offal feeding back device, all defoliators, wind divide device, checkout equipment is all connected with control system, by from all sample point on-line period and after testing equipment to sample detection, again the leaf sample detected is recycled to threshing machine group by blade feeding back device and the offal sample detected is recycled to offal conveyer belt by offal feeding back device, realize the on-line checkingi of checkout equipment to every one-level threshing machine group wind dispensing posterior lobe stalk disintegrate-quality index, in real time every one-level threshing machine group parameter is automatically adjusted by control system according to on-line checkingi result.The present embodiment to include one-level defoliator, secondary defoliator, three grades of defoliators, level Four defoliator, force one wind divides device, light breeze divides device, force 3 wind divides device, moderate breeze divides device, fresh breeze divides device, strong breeze divides device, force 7 wind divides device, fresh gale divides device, strong gale divides device, force 10 wind divides device, force 11 wind divides device four makes 11 scores of leaf beating process, wind dispensing process section is divided into a dozen detection zones, the two dozens of detection zones, three or four dozens and return stalk detection zone and amount to three detection zones.Each detection zone is made up of a mantle lobe stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment, a set of on-line period device, a set of feeding back device.The present embodiment forms containing stalk rate checkout equipment in the leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment of a dozen detection zones and two dozens of detection zones is respectively by a blade construction checkout equipment, a leaf, and three or four dozens and the leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment that returns stalk detection zone form containing leaf rate checkout equipment containing in stalk rate or stalk by a blade construction or long stalk rate checkout equipment, a leaf.The on-line period device of each detection zone is provided with multiple sample point, and control system adopts timing mode to control sampling; Mass transport after sampling gathers conveyer belt to sampling detection, then enters blade construction or long stalk rate checkout equipment, realizes the on-line checkingi of blade construction or long stalk rate; Then enter in Ye Zhonghan stalk rate or stalk and contain leaf rate checkout equipment, realize in leaf containing the on-line checkingi containing leaf rate in stalk rate or stalk; Finally, sample returns threshing machine group main line by feeding back device.
A dozen detection zones can realize blade construction and the monitoring of Ye Zhonghan stalk rate oeverall quality of wind dispensing process section outlet sheet cigarette, also realize the blade construction to all the other test point materials and Ye Zhonghan stalk rate quality-monitoring, for this region defoliator, wind divide device adjustment to provide foundation simultaneously.Sampling measuring points placement in this detection zone blade gather conveyer belt, the outlet of one-level defoliator, to divide from force one wind device to fresh breeze divide device every typhoon divide device to separate smoked sheet outlet, secondary defoliator entrance totally 8 sample points, realize can carrying out quality testing in each process point of this process section, be convenient to post analysis distinct device running parameter to the impact of product processing quality, and for finally realizing the Detection Information that Based Intelligent Control provides enough.According to each sample point 5 minutes consuming time, complete 8 sample points and detect and need 40 minutes altogether, namely taking turns the overhaul period was 40 minutes.Sample after having detected turns back to the outlet of one-level defoliator by blade feeding back device is unified, guarantees that all samples can complete necessary manufacturing procedure.
Two dozens of detection zones can realize blade construction detection and the detection of Ye Zhonghan stalk rate of each test point, for this region defoliator, wind divide device adjustment to provide foundation.Sampling measuring points placement in this detection zone exports at secondary defoliator, device is divided to divide every typhoon of device to divide device to separate smoked sheet outlet, three grades of defoliator entrances to fresh gale from strong breeze, totally 5 sample points, realize can carrying out quality testing in each process point of this process section, be convenient to post analysis distinct device running parameter to the impact of product processing quality, and for finally realizing the Detection Information that Based Intelligent Control provides enough.According to each sample point 5 minutes consuming time, complete 5 sample points and detect and need 25 minutes altogether, namely taking turns the overhaul period was 25 minutes.Sample after having detected turns back to the outlet of secondary defoliator by blade feeding back device is unified, guarantees that all samples can complete necessary manufacturing procedure.
Three or four dozens and return stalk detection zone and can realize in wind dispensing process section outlet offal long stalk rate and stalk containing the monitoring of leaf rate quality index, also realize the blade construction to all the other test point materials and Ye Zhonghan stalk rate quality-monitoring, for this region defoliator, wind divide device adjustment to provide foundation simultaneously.Sampling measuring points placement in this detection zone, in three grades of defoliators and the outlet of level Four defoliator, divides device to divide every typhoon of device to divide separating smoked sheet outlet, level Four defoliator entrance, returning stalk and export totally 7 sample points of device to force 11 wind from strong gale.Wherein returning stalk outlet material is offal, and what carry out is that long stalk rate detects and detects containing leaf rate in stalk.The material of all the other outlets carries out blade construction and detects and the detection of Ye Zhonghan stalk rate.Realize can carrying out quality testing in each process point of this process section, be convenient to post analysis distinct device running parameter to the impact of product processing quality, and for finally realizing the Detection Information that Based Intelligent Control provides enough.According to each sample point 5 minutes consuming time, complete 7 sample points and detect and need 35 minutes altogether, namely taking turns the overhaul period was 35 minutes.Sample after having detected, if offal then returns offal conveyer belt by offal feeding back device, if other samples then turn back to three grades of defoliator outlets by blade feeding back device is unified, guarantees that all samples can complete necessary manufacturing procedure.In actual implementation process, three detection zones can share a set of control system, and according to need of production, controlled sampling order and the opportunity of each test point by PLC, the online autoabstract of circulation realizing many test points in each detection zone detects.If Subsampling point need shorten detection frequency, the blade as a dozen detection zones gathers the detection frequency of conveyer belt sample point, can arrange at electric-control system.The setting of test point can increase and decrease according to actual needs.The present invention considered checkout equipment detection load, detect the representativeness of sample, that test point is arranged is comprehensive, investment feasibility, to eliminate when detecting sample feed back factors such as the impacts of whole line product quality, achieves the complete detection of the leaf stalk quality index to whole wind dispensing process section.
Leaf stalk disintegrate-quality and tobacco variety, tobacco leaf degree, tobacco leaf position, place of production supplied materials moisture content, supplied materials temperature, time, supplied materials flow, the factor such as leaf load, wind score load, defoliator frame hurdle bore size, frame hurdle shape, frame hurdle span, roller rotating speed made by defoliator, spacing forged a knife by defoliator, wind score device wind point air velocity, material casting speed, angle of making are relevant, the present invention can analyze according to leaf stalk disintegrate-quality influence factor and process, adopts control system as shown in Figure 2.Experts database analytical system in Fig. 2 has the historical process data in a large amount of production, and establish wind dispensing Controlling model, can according to the tobacco leaf proterties of supplied materials, the leaf stalk required is separated oeverall quality target or defoliator at different levels, wind divides device quality objective, current blade construction, Ye Zhonghan stalk rate on-line checkingi result, current flow, warm and humid angle value, the technique for fixing parameter etc. of equipment, analyze obtain the current defoliators at different levels that need set beat roller rotating speed, wind divides the wind speed of device, production line flow, the humiture etc. of material, realize the Based Intelligent Control of wind dispensing production process.
Device is divided to control to be described control flow for the one-level defoliator of a dozen detection zones and one-level to fresh breeze below.
1) according to the information such as tobacco variety, tobacco leaf degree, tobacco leaf position, the place of production preparing to feed intake, by operator rule of thumb or experts database analytical system obtain corresponding tobacco leaf properties and characteristics, the steady job parameter of artificial set device is as the frame hurdle gear distance of defoliator.
2) leaf stalk being separated oeverall quality goal decomposition is Ye Zhonghan stalk rate or the blade construction target that first order defoliator blade construction target, the first order to the level V wind that should reach in process control divides device, divides device to adopt in leaf directly divide device to control to wind containing stalk rate target or blade construction target to wind.Traditionally beat leaf line method of adjustment, wind divides the adjustment of device should carry out containing the testing result of stalk rate according in leaf.
3) after material enters into first order defoliator, system according to the blade construction index of setting and current on-line checkingi to blade construction, Ye Zhonghan stalk rate, in stalk containing leaf rate, long stalk rate index, and current flow, warm and humid angle value, the technique for fixing parameter of current device is as defoliator frame hurdle gear distance, by Controlling model, air exercise roller rotating speed, wind divide rotation speed of fan to implement online adjustment in real time.
4) material enters into after first order wind divides device to level V wind to divide device, and system can detect the blade construction or Ye Zhonghan stalk rate that every force one wind divides device to separate blade.According to existing experience and result of study, divide the wind speed of device to reduce successively from one-level to fresh breeze, the actual blade amount separated reduces successively, and occurrence law also changes by blade construction and the Ye Zhonghan stalk rate result of the blade that each grade separates.Therefore, can presetting the blade construction of the blade that every force one wind divides device to separate or Ye Zhonghan stalk rate index, by dividing device wind speed to control to wind at different levels, making the blade separated meet pre-provisioning request.In addition, the blade that force one wind divides device to divide device to separate to fresh breeze can also be sampled simultaneously, obtain a dozen the five subregions i.e. blade construction of the blade of a dozen detection zone outputs or Ye Zhonghan stalk rate result; Also the smoked sheet before two dozens can be sampled, obtain the blade construction result of the smoked sheet of this position; And then whether the comprehensive smoked sheet analyzing these two positions meets re-set target, then adjusts, final optimization pass controls.
Two dozens of detection zones are substantially identical with the control method of a dozen detection zones above-mentioned with the control method of three or four dozens and time stalk detection zone.
Leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment of the present invention can be containing leaf rate checkout equipment in the blade construction checkout equipment adopted in prior art, long stalk rate checkout equipment, Ye Zhonghan stalk rate checkout equipment, stalk, these equipment all can dual-use, is namely all applicable to the detection of offal and blade two kinds of materials.Leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment preferably adopts prior art based on the checkout equipment of image method, by absorbing the sample image collected, detecting and obtaining in blade construction, Ye Zhonghan stalk rate, stalk containing leaf rate, long stalk rate.
Blade feeding back device of the present invention and offal feeding back device can adopt ribbon conveyer or jigging conveyer.The rotating belt that described sampler can adopt prior art conventional or pants type sub-feed tube or pneumatic valve or manipulator.
As mentioned above, be only specific embodiments of the invention, can not limit scope of the present invention with this, the equivalent variations namely done according to patent application protection domain of the present invention and modification, all still should belong to the scope that patent of the present invention contains.

Claims (5)

1. can go stalk technique with the leaf of beating controlling wind dispensing quality by on-line checkingi, comprise the threshing machine group of more than one-level or one-level, every one-level threshing machine group includes a defoliator or more than two defoliators arranged side by side, the wind being provided with more than one or two series connection after every platform defoliator divides device, the offal conveyer belt that exports of offal will be respectively arranged with blade sampling test point and offal sampling test point after last typhoon gathering conveyer belt and be arranged at afterbody threshing machine group at the blade blade after wind dispensing being gathered output divides device, it is characterized in that, be provided with sampling detection every grade of threshing machine group and gather conveyer belt, every grade of threshing machine group defoliator outlet and every typhoon divide the discharging opening of device be provided with sampler sampling and by sample delivery to corresponding region sampling detection gather on conveyer belt, also be provided with sampler sampling in the defoliator import of second level threshing machine group and follow-up threshing machine group and sample delivery is gathered on conveyer belt to previous stage sampling detection, gather other being provided with of conveyer belt in every one-level sampling detection and on-line checkingi sampling can detect the leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment gathering sample on conveyer belt, be delivered to the discharge end of corresponding threshing machine group defoliator by blade feeding back device from every platform leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment leaf sample out, afterbody leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment offal sample is out delivered on offal conveyer belt by offal feeding back device, all defoliators, wind divide device, checkout equipment is all connected with control system, by from all sample point on-line period and after testing equipment to sample detection, again the leaf sample detected is recycled to threshing machine group by blade feeding back device and the offal sample detected is recycled to offal conveyer belt by offal feeding back device, realize the on-line checkingi of checkout equipment to every one-level threshing machine group wind dispensing posterior lobe stalk disintegrate-quality index, in real time every one-level threshing machine group parameter is automatically adjusted by control system according to on-line checkingi result.
2. according to claim 1ly on-line checkingi and the leaf of beating that controls wind dispensing quality can go stalk technique, it is characterized in that, described wind dispensing posterior lobe stalk disintegrate-quality index comprises in blade construction, Ye Zhonghan stalk rate, stalk containing any one or a few in leaf rate, long stalk rate.
3. according to claim 1 and 2ly on-line checkingi and the leaf of beating that controls wind dispensing quality can go stalk technique, it is characterized in that, described blade feeding back device and offal feeding back device can adopt ribbon conveyer or jigging conveyer.
4. according to claim 1 and 2ly on-line checkingi and the leaf of beating that controls wind dispensing quality can go stalk technique, it is characterized in that, described sampler is rotating belt or pants type sub-feed tube or pneumatic valve or manipulator.
5. according to claim 1 and 2ly on-line checkingi and the leaf of beating that controls wind dispensing quality can go stalk technique, it is characterized in that, described leaf stalk disintegrate-quality checkout equipment is the checkout equipment based on image method, by absorbing the sample image collected, detecting and obtaining in blade construction, Ye Zhonghan stalk rate, stalk containing leaf rate, long stalk rate.
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