CN103392401B - Salicylic acid application in reducing rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation - Google Patents
Salicylic acid application in reducing rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of salicylic acid in the application reducing rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation。Described application includes: before rice transplanting during whole ground, uses salicylic acid in soil；Or/and after rice transplanting to maturation, spray salicylic acid to the overground part of Oryza sativa L.。The invention provides salicylic a kind of new opplication, salicylic acid can be effectively reduced Cadmium accumulation in rice, the highest cadmium content made in excellent No. 9 brown rice in rice cadmium height accumulation Oryza sativa L. river in Zhejiang Province reduces by more than 75%, in brown rice, the content of cadmium is only 0.05mg/kg, the cadmium content in rice cadmium height accumulation Oryza sativa L. show water 09 brown rice is made to reduce by more than 90%, in brown rice, the content of cadmium is only 0.05mg/kg and 0.01mg/kg, 0.2mg/kg far below national regulation, good solution route is provided for pollution of heavy metals in rice, and salicylic application times and amount of application all less, with low cost, easy to operate。
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Rice Cropping technical field, particularly relate to the application in reducing rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation of a kind of salicylic acid。
Background technology
Cadmium is the environmental pollution element of a kind of danger, and the cadmium that the whole world discharges every year in environment reaches about 30000 tons, and wherein the cadmium of 82%～94% can enter in soil。The arable land of China's only cadmium pollution has about 80,000,000 mu, and nearly 1.8 hundred million mu of the arable land polluted by cadmium, arsenic etc.。Take in by the rice of cadmium severe contamination, veterinary antibiotics, water etc. for a long time, it may appear that the symptom of cadmium chronic poisoning, cadmium even can be caused to accumulate in vivo, cause " bone aching "。
Oryza sativa L. is Chinese topmost cereal crops, the Chinese of 65% are with rice for absolute staple food, and Oryza sativa L. is large cereal crops that Cd uptake is the strongest, and its seed cadmium level is only second to Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae, in the area that some heavy metal pollutions are serious, the effective cadmium content in rice field or even country 26 times of permissible value。The limit standard of cadmium in rice is 0.2 mg/kg by China, and according to investigations, in the rice on market, China many ground, about 10% cadmium content exceeds standard。
Cultivating the own characteristic with land use based on China's grain, cadmium pollution is difficult to take precautions against and stop。At present, heavy metal contaminated soil remediation method includes soil moved in improve the original method, leaching method and solidification method etc., these method cost intensive, it is necessary to special instrument and the professional through training, can't tackle the problem at its root。Although and the phytoremediation technology of latest development is economic and environment-friendly, but its cycle very long is not appropriate for the national conditions that the many arable lands of Chinese people are few。Therefore, adopt soil conditioner, the agricultural cultivation measure etc. that are suitable for reduce absorption and the rice accumulation of Oryza sativa L. cadmium, be the main path ensureing rice safety。
Existing substantial amounts of report is regulated and controled by rice field rich water, liming regulates and controls soil pH and regulates and controls the approach such as redox of soil state reduces rice Cd accumulation, and the essence of these approach is in that to reduce effective cadmium content of soil。But while reducing rice Cd accumulation by these approach, also create a large amount of inevitably side effect, such as liming improves soil pH, the bio-available Zn concentration of multiple mineral nitrogen micronutrient element such as ferrum, manganese, copper, zinc etc., unfavorable paddy growth is also reduced while reducing effective cadmium content of soil。
The Chinese patent literature that publication number is CN101507400A discloses a kind of method controlling heavy metal cadmium accumulation of paddy, including: (1) is before shoot transplanting equipment during whole ground, soil applies bivalent manganese chelate, and fully mix with soil: (2) start to shoot transplanting equipment 35～45 days for 15～20 days after shoot transplanting equipment, a bivalent manganese rich water solution is sprayed: (3), when Oryza sativa L. booting initial stage, pustulation period, spread fertilizer over the fields bivalent manganese chelate respectively every 7～10 days；(4) soil is executed bivalent manganese chelate and is poured water in rice field in 3～5 days；(5) begin to the period of maturation in the Oryza sativa L. poplar bloassom phase, sprayed a bivalent manganese rich water solution every 7～10 days: it is identical that (6) soil executes annual bivalent manganese chelate application process after bivalence manganese fertilizer, and amount of application reduces by half or reduces 3/4。
Above-mentioned patent is not when affecting Oryza sativa L. normal growth and growing, alleviate the problem of Cd accumulation in rice to a certain extent, cadmium content in brown rice is down to 0.058～0.39mg/kg, in polished rice, cadmium content is down to 0.04～0.28mg/kg, problem remain, however, that the adjustment dosage (1) used is big, only being accomplished by when whole ground using in soil and measure bivalent manganese chelate in manganese 15～90 kilogram/hectare, cost is high；(2) application times is many, needs frequently to use bivalent manganese chelate regulator, complex operation, and add labor cost in the whole period of duration of Oryza sativa L.。
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the application in reducing rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation of a kind of salicylic acid, salicylic acid can effectively reduce the content of cadmium in rice, and cost is low, easy to operate。
Salicylic acid application in reducing rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation。
Salicylic acid, have another name called oxybenzoic acid, it it is a kind of important endogenous signal molecule in plant, regulate the growth and development process of plant, and play an important role in plant stress resistance, the plant resistance to abiotic stress factors such as salt, low temperature, arids can be improved by applying exogenous salicylic acid or its analog。The present invention adopts salicylic acid as regulator, effectively reduces Cadmium accumulation in rice, and in rice, the content of cadmium is well below the limit standard of national regulation, and wherein, the kind of Oryza sativa L. can be the elegant water 09 of river in Zhejiang Province excellent No. 9 or the rice low cadmium-accumulation of rice cadmium height accumulation。Salicylic Acid acid treatment all can significantly reduce the Cd accumulation of brown rice in rice cadmium high/low accumulation Oryza sativa L., may be by some other response mechanism that the effect of its signaling molecule excites in rice plant body, do not have salicylic acid to participate in the research report of Accumulation of heavy metals aspect at present。
Described application specifically includes:
Before rice transplanting during whole ground, in soil, use salicylic acid；Or/and
After rice transplanting to maturation, spray salicylic acid to the overground part of Oryza sativa L.。
For effectively reducing the content of cadmium in rice, in soil, salicylic amount of application is 2～10kg/ hectare。
Preferably, in soil, salicylic amount of application is 4～7kg/ hectare, more preferably 5.3kg/ hectare。Not only can effectively reducing the Cd accumulation of excellent No. 9 rice in rice cadmium height accumulation Oryza sativa L. river in Zhejiang Province, also can reduce the Cd accumulation of rice low cadmium-accumulation Oryza sativa L. show water 09 rice to 0.01mg/kg, make Cadmium accumulation amount in rice few, and salicylic amount of application is few, cost is low。
To the overground part of Oryza sativa L. use salicylic acid time, growth promoter characteristic according to each growthdevelopmental stage of Oryza sativa L., determine that time of application is after rice transplanting after 7-21 days, the 1-10 days jointing stages, blooming stage the 1-7 days and blooming stage the 7-21 days, each period can use 1 time, preferably, time of application is after rice transplanting after 14～16 days, the 5th～7 day jointing stage, blooming stage the 1st～3 day and blooming stage the 14th～16 day, it is more preferably after rice transplanting 15 days, after the 6th day jointing stage, blooming stage the 2nd day, blooming stage the 15th day。
For effectively reducing the content of cadmium in rice, every time to the overground part of Oryza sativa L. spray salicylic acid time, salicylic amount of application is 7.6～15.2kg/ hectare。
Preferably, every time to the overground part of Oryza sativa L. spray salicylic acid time, salicylic amount of application is 9～12kg/ hectare, more preferably 10.564kg/ hectare。Experiments show that, this amount of application can make excellent No. 9 of rice cadmium height accumulation Oryza sativa L. river in Zhejiang Province be down to 0.16mg/kg and 0.09mg/kg with the content of cadmium in rice low cadmium-accumulation Oryza sativa L. show water 09 brown rice respectively, and Cd accumulation amount is few and amount of application is relatively low。
When spraying salicylic acid, answering the salicylic concentration of conservative control, concentration is too low, and the salicylic acid solution volume sprayed is big, increases the amount of labour, excessive concentration, not only results in and sprays uneven, also can damage rice stem, leaf, affect the growth promoter of Oryza sativa L.。General to the overground part of Oryza sativa L. spray salicylic acid time, described salicylic concentration is 0.1～2.0g/L, more preferably 0.76g/L。
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
The invention provides salicylic a kind of new opplication, by with salicylic acid for regulator, reduce the content of cadmium in rice, salicylic method of application is simple, flexible, can individually adopt soil to excute a law in soil, use salicylic acid, also the method for foliage-spray can be individually adopted to spray toward the overground part of Oryza sativa L., soil can also be excuted a law and combine with foliage-spray method, no matter adopt which kind of mode, the cadmium content of the rice produced all meets national standard, and in Rice Production, wholely, nursery, transplanting, field management all can adopt agricultural conventional method。
In the present invention, salicylic amount of application is few, the amount of application of per hectare soil is 2～10kg/ hectare, and during foliage-spray, the amount of application of per hectare is 7.6～15.2kg, and in the Chinese patent literature that publication number is CN101507400A, it is accomplished by time only wholely using in soil and measures bivalent manganese chelate in manganese 15～90 kilogram/hectare, and manganese is the trace element of plant, uses the excessive a large amount of accumulation of this element in plant that also can cause, the salicylic amount of application of the present invention greatly reduces, and reduces cost。
Secondly, in application times, if adopting soil to excute a law, can use and once can achieve the goal, it is simple to field operation and management。
Although salicylic application times and amount of application are all less, the present invention is unspent decreases Cadmium accumulation in rice, the highest can make respectively rice cadmium height accumulation Oryza sativa L. river in Zhejiang Province excellent No. 9 and rice cadmium height accumulation Oryza sativa L. show water 09 brown rice in cadmium content reduce by 75% and more than 90%, in brown rice, the content of cadmium is only 0.05mg/kg and 0.01mg/kg, far below the 0.2mg/kg of national regulation, provide good solution route for pollution of heavy metals in rice。
It addition, salicylic acid is institute's proper constituent in plant, having no side effect, the normal growth not affecting Oryza sativa L. is grown, and wide material sources, cheap。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the impact on rice cadmium high/low accumulation two rice varieties brown rice cadmium (Cd) content of the salicylic different administration mode。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained。
Following each embodiment is all with excellent No. 9 of main cultivated rice cultivars river in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Province (rice Cd high accumulated water rice varieties) and the elegant water low accumulated water rice varieties of 09(rice Cd) for test kind, planting in cadmium pollution two grades of level above (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cu are all not up to level of pollution) soil, the main physical and chemical of test soil is in Table 1。Following reagent is analytical pure。
In each embodiment following, Rice Cropping pattern is: often process community floor space 1.2m*1.8m=2.16m2, interval 0.4m between kind, seeding row spacing 0.3m*0.2m, is 50 clumps, builds the ridge and add plastic foil antiseepage between every community, and each process carries out 3 repetitions。If no special instructions, wholely, nursery, transplanting, field management are agricultural conventional method。
Table 1 physiochemical properties of soil
Embodiment 1
Adopt soil to excute a law and use salicylic acid。
(1) being substantially dissolved in water by salicylic acid, before rice seedling is transplanted during whole ground, apply salicylic acid solution in soil, salicylic amount of application is 5.3 kilograms/hectare；
(2) after salicylic acid solution and soil fully being mixed, transplanting rice rice shoot, adopt conventional farming method to be managed within whole growth period duration of rice。
Embodiment 2
Foliage-spray method is adopted to use salicylic acid。
(1) transplanting rice rice shoot behind whole ground；
(2) salicylic acid is configured to the aqueous solution that concentration is 0.76 kilogram/cubic metre, after rice transplanting the 15th day, after the 6th day jointing stage, blooming stage the 2nd day, blooming stage when the 15th day, foliage-spray salicylic acid solution is carried out with aerosol apparatus, Application is 13.9 cubic metres/hectare, if running into the rainy day then to postpone, the whole period of duration of Oryza sativa L. adopts conventional farming method to be managed。
Embodiment 3
Soil is granted foliage-spray combination and is used salicylic acid。
(1) being substantially dissolved in water by salicylic acid, before rice seedling is transplanted during whole ground, apply salicylic acid solution in soil, salicylic amount of application is 5.3 kilograms/hectare；
(2) after salicylic acid solution and soil fully being mixed, transplanting rice rice shoot；
(3) after rice transplanting 15 days, after the 6th day jointing stage, blooming stage the 2nd day, blooming stage when the 15th day, foliage-spray salicylic acid solution is carried out with aerosol apparatus, Application is 13.9 cubic metres/hectare, salicylic concentration is 0.76 kilogram/cubic metre, if running into the rainy day then to postpone, the whole period of duration of Oryza sativa L. adopts conventional farming method to be managed。
Result detection and analysis:
1, Agronomic Traits in Rice analysis
The Oryza sativa L. of embodiment 1～3 gathers Plant samples before cutting, and each community samples 5 clumps, investigates thousand agronomic shapes such as quality, plant height of Oryza sativa L. under different disposal treatment conditions。
(1) mass of 1000 kernel: often bundle (5 strain) Oryza sativa L. chooses 1000 Oryza glutinosa immediately, and with scales/electronic balance weighing, gained is mass of 1000 kernel, and unit is g。
(2) plant height: the fringe point of the fringe that a strain Oryza sativa L. is the longest is to the distance of root and soil intersection, and unit is cm。
(3) gross dry weight: a bundle (5 strain) all of Oryza glutinosa of Oryza sativa L., after threshing, with scales/electronic balance weighing, gained is gross dry weight, and unit is g。
Period of duration in Oryza sativa L. observes the growing state of Oryza sativa L., find, be no matter individually adopt soil to execute, foliage-spray, still adopt soil to execute the mode with foliage-spray simultaneously and use salicylic acid, river in Zhejiang Province excellent No. 9 and Xiu Shui 09 rice plant growth grow and all act normally, no significant difference compared with matched group, and heavy metal free poisoning symptom。
The impact on excellent No. 9 economical characters in Oryza sativa L. river in Zhejiang Province of the table 2-1 salicylic acid different disposal
The impact on Oryza sativa L. show water 09 economical character of the table 2-2 salicylic acid different disposal
By table 2-1 and table 2-2 it can be seen that after adopting different methods of application to use salicylic acid, elegant water 09 and the average plant height of excellent No. 9 Oryza sativa L. in river in Zhejiang Province, every strain average dry weight and mass of 1000 kernel and the equal zero difference of matched group, salicylic use the yield having substantially no effect on Oryza sativa L.。
2, Oryza sativa L. Cd accumulation is analyzed
Cd concentration of brown rice measures and adopts atomic absorption spectrography (AAS)。Oryza sativa L. sample is dried to constant weight in 60～70 DEG C, is shelled by rice grain hulling machine, obtains brown rice and rice husk；After being pulverized with rustless steel pulverizer respectively with rice husk by brown rice, respectively take 0.3g brown rice and 0.3g rice husk, add the HNO of 8ml3-HF(HNO3It is 3:2 with HF volume ratio) adopt microwave digestion method to digest afterwards, sour instrument carries out catching up with acid treatment catching up with after digest, finally utilize the cadmium content of aas determination sample。
The impact on the excellent No. 9 rice Cd content in river in Zhejiang Province of the table 3-1 salicylic acid different disposal
The impact on elegant water 09 rice Cd content of the table 3-2 salicylic acid different disposal
As shown in Fig. 1 and Biao 3-1, rice cadmium high accumulated water rice varieties river in Zhejiang Province excellent No. 9 after not carrying out the general planting pattern of any process, in the brown rice of its results, cadmium content is about 0.24mg/kg, beyond country food sanitation standard (0.2mg/kg)。And adopt soil to execute, blade spraying and simultaneously adopt soil to execute the mode with foliage-spray and all can significantly reduce the cadmium content in brown rice, and three kinds of application processes use salicylic acid and the excellent No. 9 brown rice cadmium contents in river in Zhejiang Province all can be made lower than 0.2mg/kg, maximum limitation standard lower than country's corn cadmium content, wherein, foliage-spray method can make the cadmium content in brown rice reduce by more than 30%, soil is executed to combine with foliage-spray and the cadmium content in brown rice can be made to reduce by more than 45%, the effect that soil is executed is best, brown rice Cd content is only 0.05mg kg, is far smaller than matched group 0.24mg/kg-1, cadmium content reduces by more than 75%。
As shown in Fig. 1 and Biao 3-2, elegant water 09 is rice low cadmium-accumulation rice varieties, and after not carrying out any process, in the brown rice of its results, cadmium content is without departing from country's food sanitation standard, for about 0.14mg/kg。But by the cadmium content in this rice varieties brown rice can be significantly reduced equally after using salicylic acid, foliage-spray method can make the cadmium content in brown rice reduce by more than 35%, soil is executed to combine with foliage-spray and the cadmium content in brown rice can be made to reduce by more than 45%, the effect that soil is executed is best, and brown rice Cd content is only 0.01mg kg-1, it being far smaller than matched group 0.14mg/kg, cadmium content reduces by more than 90%。
Claims (4)
1. salicylic acid application in reducing rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation, it is characterised in that including:
Before rice transplanting during whole ground, using the salicylic acid of 2～10kg/ hectare in soil, described salicylic concentration is 0.1～2g/L；
After rice transplanting to maturation, spraying the salicylic acid of 7.6～15.2kg/ hectare to the overground part of Oryza sativa L., described salicylic concentration is 0.1～2g/L；
To the overground part of Oryza sativa L. spray salicylic acid time, time of application is after rice transplanting after 7～21 days, the 1st～10 day jointing stage, blooming stage the 1st～7 day and blooming stage the 7th～21 day；
Or,
After rice transplanting to maturation, spraying the salicylic acid of 7.6～15.2kg/ hectare to the overground part of Oryza sativa L., described salicylic concentration is 0.1～2g/L；
To the overground part of Oryza sativa L. spray salicylic acid time, time of application is after rice transplanting after 7～21 days, the 1st～10 day jointing stage, blooming stage the 1st～7 day and blooming stage the 7th～21 day。
2. the salicylic acid as claimed in claim 1 application in reducing rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation, it is characterised in that in soil, salicylic amount of application is 4～7kg/ hectare。
3. the salicylic acid as claimed in claim 1 application in reducing rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation, it is characterised in that every time to the overground part of Oryza sativa L. spray salicylic acid time, salicylic amount of application is 9～12kg/ hectare。
4. the salicylic acid as claimed in claim 1 application in reducing rice heavy metal cadmium accumulation, it is characterised in that the kind of Oryza sativa L. is river in Zhejiang Province excellent No. 9 or elegant water 09。
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