CN103392287A

CN103392287A - Electrical machine having a fastening apparatus for magnets

Info

Publication number: CN103392287A
Application number: CN2011800678739A
Authority: CN
Inventors: A·科威尼; J·乔治曼南
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Priority date: 2010-12-20
Filing date: 2011-12-07
Publication date: 2013-11-13
Anticipated expiration: 2031-12-07
Also published as: WO2012084511A3; JP2014500702A; CN103392287B; DE102010063514A1; EP2656483A2; WO2012084511A2

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical machine (10), in particular a starter apparatus for an internal combustion engine, having a housing (28) in which at least one magnet (31) and at least one mild steel (200) are accommodated in an encapsulated manner. The at least one magnet (31) and the at least one mild steel (200) are held in the housing (28) at least in the radial direction and in the circumferential direction by an annular positioning device (208).

Description

Band is useful on the motor of the fixture of magnet

Technical field

The present invention relates to the motor that a kind of band is useful on the fixture of magnet.

Background technology

Document DE10148652A1 relates to a kind of a kind of method on direct current machine and utmost point shell for magnet being fixed on direct current machine.Be fixed with the magnet holding device on this utmost point shell, maintain magnet on this magnet holding device, this magnet is in particular for permanent magnet.It is upper and by the maintenance cage of annular, formed that this magnet holding device is fixed on interior week of utmost point shell.This maintenance cage be provided with the continuous groove that stretches in the axial direction and be configured to spring, one preferably.This maintenance cage is processed, preferably is punched and and then by rolling, becomes its annular from plate.Be maintained in the utmost point shell of direct current machine in the mode that power transmission connects according to the maintenance cage of document DE10148652A1.The connection that this power transmission connects is due to the returning place force generation relevant to material of the maintenance cage that is rolled into its annular, and this returning place force can continue to increase by the overvoltage of the maintenance cage that is rolled the connection of this power transmission if possible.This maintenance cage has for the bag section that holds respectively a magnet.

, from motor well known in the prior art, problem that the tolerance brought thus increases high tolerance chain appears and.For example, if magnet, particularly permanent magnet are by independently support or keep-spring are fixed on the inner peripheral surface of utmost point shell, so special mild steel by the kayser hook portion or the open construction that is used for holding the protuberance on the inner peripheral surface that joins utmost point shell to of magnet frame of single magnet become multi-piece type, therefore the problem of tolerance stack-ups appears.For example the tolerance of the stack between brush and magnet (it is relative to each other installed with circumferential angular error usually) causes, only can be insufficient exactly, exactly with very high tolerance, keep the commutation angle.Yet, in the situation that keep the inaccuracy of commutation angle aspect position of motor must reduce the power of motor.So, if the magnet frame of many ground structures is fixed by the punching or the pressing part that are applied in utmost point shell so far, the positional precision of magnet and brush is limited by the precision of this punching or pressing part.If inaccuracy occurs in the time of in the material of punching section being introduced pole shoe, in any case this tolerance is increased in very long tolerance chain.

Summary of the invention

Propose according to the present invention, the positioner that application is constructed circlewise on motor, its not only on tangential direction also at support magnet, the permanent magnet that particularly is inserted into and mild steel in the radial direction, and with the spring that is used for up to now positioning magnet or mild steel, compare and make improved location become possibility.This positioner of implementing is circlewise particularly given the better stability in location of the initial rigging position that keeps magnet and mild steel in the following manner, that is, and and the fixed part of structure anchor shape between the utmost point shell of this positioner of implementing circlewise and motor.This fixed part that preferably is configured to the form fit connecting portion between the positioner of annular and utmost point shell is on the one hand to vibrating insensitive and also temperature influence not on the other hand.This means, even at the positioner of the peak load of motor (for example this can in continuous service or yet in the short time emerged in operation), the annular for example made by plastic material and the utmost point shell thermal coefficient of expansion of usually making metal tube simultaneously, do not damage the quality of fixed part yet.This is designed to or rather, by the positioner of constructing circlewise, magnet and mild steel are maintained at its initial rigging position on tangential and direction radially, thus not emergent power loss on motor, the particularly starting device of the internal combustion engine that is used for motor vehicle.

Basically, the positioning device structure that for example is configured to the annular of plastic hoop becomes, and it is made the moulding of being made by plastic material and has not only axially but also radially and the supporting surface that tangentially extends.These supporting surfaces are maintained in initial rigging position magnet and mild steel within utmost point shell.

Preferably, the positioner of structure circlewise of for example preferably making plastic hoop is fixed in utmost point shell by the kayser hook, thereby the assembling by this kayser hook directly obtains the installation site of restriction of the positioner of constructing circlewise and the forcibly assembling by this kayser hook on the one hand, contacts restriction with magnet, particularly permanent magnet direct by with mild steel, also having, keeps their initial rigging positions on the inner peripheral surface of the utmost point shell of motor constantly.Except the fixture of structure circlewise as the structural scheme of plastic member, it also can be made into composite component, that is to say that member multi-piece type ground structure, fixture annular can be made into plastic member in this case, another member is for example made by the material of metal.Therefore, for example can be by the ring injection molding plastic material of injection moulding process around metal, wherein, the ring of this metal is given the mechanical stability of the circular orientation device necessity that is configured to composite component.In an advantageous manner, be configured on the one hand the lock part of circular orientation device of composite component and the supporting surface that is used for magnet or mild steel on axial, radially and tangential direction and can be configured in plastic material, and also there is on the other hand such possibility, the positioner of structure circlewise that proposes according to the present invention is not to utilize the ring of plastic material encapsulated metal to form by injection moulding process, and be to provide the member of two separation, that is to say plastic hoop and becket, it independently is being engaged to together in installation step when assembling.In this alternate embodiment modification of the fixture of the annular that proposes according to the present invention, for example can realize the lock part of flexibly constructing between the becket of the positioner of the annular of utmost point shell and two-piece type ground structure.With for example by plastic injection-moulded method, around the lock part of the ring of metal structure, compare, described lock part particularly has more flexible elastic performance when vibration occurring.

Description of drawings

Below explain in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention.

Fig. 1 shows the longitudinal section of the motor that is configured to starting device,

Fig. 1 a shows from well known in the prior art for by means of the fixing execution mode modification of mild steel and magnet of keep-spring,

Fig. 1 b shows equally from the fixing execution mode modification of mild steel and magnet of the retaining ring of the inside for by means of two, being inserted into utmost point shell well known in the prior art,

Fig. 2 shows the stereogram of the positioner of the annular that proposes according to the present invention,

Fig. 3 shows the three-dimensional side view of the positioner of structure circlewise according to Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 shows the side direction vertical view of the composite members that is comprised of the ring of metal and the plastic material sealed,

Fig. 5 shows the alternative embodiment modification of the positioner of structure circlewise that is comprised of becket and plastic hoop,

Fig. 6 shows the assembly that three-dimensionally illustrates that is configured to individual components according to Fig. 5: becket and plastics in the state that engages, and

Fig. 7 shows the side direction vertical view according to the positioner of the annular that is comprised of becket and plastic hoop of Fig. 6.

Embodiment

Show according to the diagram of Fig. 1 the motor that particularly is configured to starting device with longitudinal section.

For example have starting motor 13 and pre-engagement actuator 16 according to the starting device 10 of Fig. 1, this pre-engagement actuator for example can be configured to relay or starter relay.The pre-engagement actuator 16 of described starting motor 13 and electricity is fixed on a common drive end bearing lid 19.Described starting motor 13 is being used on function when starter pinion 22 is engaged in gear ring 25 at the unshowned internal combustion engine of Fig. 1, driving starter pinion 22.

Starting motor 13 has the utmost point pipe 28 as housing, and described utmost point pipe is a plurality of pole shoes 31 of all upper supports within it, and these pole shoes are wound around by an excitation winding 34 respectively.Pole shoe 31 surrounds again armature 37, and this armature has the armature core 43 that consists of thin slice 40 and the armature winding 49 that is arranged in a plurality of grooves 46.Armature core 43 is pressed on driving shaft 44.In addition, driving shaft 13 away from the end of starter pinion 22 on commutator 52 also has been installed, described commutator 52 especially consists of a plurality of single commutator thin slices 55.Commutator thin slice 55 is electrically connected to armature winding 49 by known methods, makes and produce armature 37 rotatablely moving in utmost point pipe 28 inside when by brush 58, to commutator thin slice 55, switching on.Be arranged on current feed 61 between electric driver and starting motor 13 when on-state not only for brush 58 but also be excitation winding 34 power supplies.Driving shaft 13 is in commutator one side is supported on sliding bearing 67 by axle journal 64, and this sliding bearing 67 position again remains in commutator bearing lid 70 regularly.Described commutator head 70 is fixed in drive end bearing lid 19 by means of pull bar 73 again, described pull bar 73 (as, for example two, three or four bolts) can be distributed on the periphery of utmost point pipe 28.At this, utmost point pipe 28 is supported on drive end bearing lid 19, and commutator bearing lid 70 itself is supported on utmost point pipe 28.

Along driving direction, connected a sun gear 80 on armature 37, this sun gear is a part that for example is configured to the rotating driving device 83 of planetary transmission.Sun gear 80 is surrounded by a plurality of planetary gears 86, and three planetary gears 86 that normally are supported on pivot pin 92 by means of rolling bearing 89 respectively surround.Planetary gear 86 rolls in ring gear 95, beyond described ring gear 95, side bearing is in utmost point pipe 28.Towards the direction of outlet side, what join with planetary gear 86 is planet carrier 98, and pivot pin 92 is contained in described planet carrier.Planet carrier 98 is bearing in again intermediate support body 101 and is arranged in sliding bearing 104 in this intermediate support body 101.Intermediate support body 101 is designed to basin shape, so that hold therein planet carrier 98 and planetary gear 86.In addition, also be provided with ring gear 95 in the intermediate support body 101 of basin shape, this ring gear is finally by covering 107 with respect to armature 37 sealings.Intermediate support body 101 also is supported on the inboard of utmost point pipe 28 by its neighboring.Armature 37 has another axle journal 110 in being contained in equally sliding bearing 113 on the end away from commutator 52 of driving shaft 13.Described sliding bearing 113 is contained in again in the medium pore of planet carrier 98.Planet carrier 98 is connected integratedly with output shaft 116.This output shaft 116 is bearing in another bearing 122 by its end 119 away from intermediate support body 101, and this another bearing is fixed in drive end bearing lid 19.

Output shaft 116 is divided into different sections: what be connected on section back in the sliding bearing 104 that is arranged on intermediate support body 101 is section with straight-tooth 125 (internal tooth), and this straight-tooth is the part of axle-hub syndeton 128.This axle-hub syndeton 128 makes drivening piece 131 linear slide vertically become possibility in this case.This drivening piece 131 is protuberances of sleeve-shaped, and basin shape outer ring 132 integral types that this protuberance is connected with freewheel connect.This freewheel 137 (for example it can be directed brake) comprises the inner ring 140 that is disposed radially 132 inside in outer ring in addition.Be provided with clamping body 138 between inner ring 140 and outer ring 132.These clamping bodies 138 and inner ring 140 and outer ring 132 actings in conjunction, prevent relatively rotating towards second direction between outer ring 132 and inner ring 140.In other words, freewheel 137 can be realized a relative motion towards a direction between inner ring 140 and outer ring 132.In this embodiment, to be implemented as with the helical teeth 143 (outer helical teeth) of starter pinion 22 and this starter pinion be one to described inner ring 140.This starter pinion 22 can also alternatively be implemented as the straight-tooth pinion.Except by the pole shoe 31 of excitation winding 34 with electromagnetic excitation, can also install permanent-magnet-field magnetic pole, that is to say permanent magnet 31.

In addition, the pre-engagement actuator 16 of electricity or in particular therein armature 168 also have following task, namely by means of traction element 187, make lever 190 motions that are arranged on rotationally in drive end bearing lid 19.This lever 190 is wishbone lever and with two, at this unshowned " pointed tooth ", surround two

diskwares

193 and 194 on its periphery normally, be used for making be clamped in overcome spring 200 with rotating ring 197 between these two diskwares resistance towards freewheel 137 motions, and starter pinion 22 is engaged in the ring gear 25 of unshowned internal combustion engine in Fig. 1.

Below will discuss engaging mechanism in detail.The pre-engagement actuator 16 of electricity has binding post 150, and this binding post is electrical contact and in the situation that assembles in vehicle on the positive pole of the starter battery (not shown in Fig. 1) that is connected to electricity.This binding post 150 passes and covers 153.The second binding post 152 is the connecting portions for the starting motor 13 of electricity, and this starting motor is by current feed 61 (thick twisted wire) power supply.The housing 156 that described lid 153 sealings are formed from steel, this housing is fixed on drive end bearing lid 19 by means of a plurality of retaining elements 159 (for example being embodied as bolt).Also be provided with for the propulsion plant 160 that applies pulling force on wishbone lever 190 and switching device 161 in the pre-engagement actuator 16 of electricity.Propulsion plant 160 comprises winding 162, and switching device 161 comprises winding 165.The winding 162 of propulsion plant 160 and the winding 165 of switching device 161 produce respectively an electromagnetic field under on-state, this electromagnetic field passes all parts.Axle-hub syndeton 128 can also have the multiple thread tooth except being designed to have straight-tooth 125.At this, can also carry out combination, be also feasible according to following scheme thus: a) starter pinion 22 be helical teeth and axle-hub syndeton 128 have straight-tooth 125; Perhaps b) starter pinion 22 be helical teeth and axle-hub syndeton 128 have the multiple thread tooth; Perhaps c) starter pinion 22 be straight-tooth and axle-hub syndeton 128 have the multiple thread tooth.

Can find out from Fig. 1 a from well known in the prior art for mild steel and magnet being fixed on the feasible scheme of utmost point shell inside.

Be the utmost point pipe of motor 10 at the housing 28 shown in Fig. 1 a.For example, hold permanent magnet 31 or the same pole shoe 31 that for example has excitation winding 34 on side within it.According to the exploded view in Fig. 1 a, the keep-spring 202 on the interior week of the housing that is arranged in motor that mild steel 200 is set between each magnet, basically extends in the axial direction.This housing is the utmost point pipe 28 of motor, and this motor particularly is configured for the starting device of internal combustion engine.

Fig. 1 b shows for another execution mode modification on the housing that magnet and mild steel is fixed on motor.

Obtain from the exploded view according to Fig. 1 b, the expression motor stator magnet 31 for example by the first retaining ring 104 and the second retaining ring 206 be fixed on motor housing 28, that is to say in utmost point pipe.At the single mild steel 200 that is designed to clavate of introducing at the permanent magnet that upwards is spaced apart from each other in week or between with the pole shoe (seeing position 31) of excitation winding.Not only on the inner peripheral surface of permanent magnet or the housing that is fixed on motor by the first retaining ring 204 and the second retaining ring 206 with pole shoe but also the mild steel 200 of excitation winding.

Can obtain the stereogram of the positioner of the annular that proposes according to the present invention from the diagram according to Fig. 2.

Positioner 208 with the annular shown in stereogram in Fig. 2 can be embodied as composite component (seeing Fig. 2,3 and 4) on the one hand, and plastic encapsulation section 226 surrounds the insert 224 of metal therein.

Can obtain the execution mode modification of positioner 208 of annular in Fig. 5,6 and 7, its by two independently member, be that becket 228 and plastic hoop 230 are made, these two members are the member that engages, the positioner 208 of annular under the state of assembling.

As can be known, at this circular orientation device 208 that is made into composite component 222, has axial support surface 210 from the stereogram according to Fig. 2.This axial support surface 210 be implemented as around ring, the magnet 31 of the stator of motor 10 abuts on the inboard of this ring.Thus, these magnets are fixed in the axial direction.Each section of these axial support surface 210 is along week upwards for example with 60 ° of calibration (seeing position 216) layout, and it is corresponding in the size that makes progress in week with magnet 31.In addition, according to the stereogram in Fig. 2, the positioner 208 of annular comprises the axial protuberance 218 that extends in the axial direction.On these axial protuberances 218 again on inboard, that is to say the tangential supporting surface 214 of structure on the side towards magnet 31.In addition, according to the stereogram in Fig. 2, this annular positioner 208 also comprise around radial support face 212, it is fixed in installation site in housing 28 magnet 31 on week in housing.Positioner 208 (at this, being configured to composite component 222) by the annular that proposes according to the present invention guarantees, magnet 31 is not only in the axial direction but also diametrically and in addition on the inner peripheral surface of the utmost point pipe 28 that is fixed on motor 10 on tangential direction.In addition, axially protuberance 218 is provided with recess 220.This recess 220 for example is configured to flute profile and corresponding with the geometry of mild steel 200 on inner peripheral surface being fixed on utmost point pipe 28 between each magnet 31.

Can obtain equally making the stereogram of the positioner of structure circlewise of composite component in this execution mode modification from the diagram according to Fig. 3.Obtain from the top perspective view according to Fig. 3, each axial protuberance 218 of arranging with 60 ° of calibration has respectively the recess 220 for location mild steel 200.Utilize Reference numeral 210 expression axial support surface, utilize Reference numeral 212 expressions interruptedly not to be configured in radial support face 212 on the inboard of positioner 208 of annular.

Fig. 4 shows the cutaway view of the positioner of annular.

Positioner 208 with the annular shown in cutaway view in Fig. 4 is configured to composite component 222, and therein, the metal insert 224 of giving the mechanical stability of annular positioner 208 necessity is surrounded by plastic encapsulation section 226.Implement the axial protuberance 218 with 60 ° of calibration in plastic encapsulation section 226, this calibration also is fixed on calibration on the inner peripheral surface of housing 28 corresponding to mild steel 200 and magnet 31.

Obtain an execution mode modification of the positioner of the annular that proposes according to the present invention from Fig. 5,6 and 7.

As shown in Figure 5 like that, positioner 208 that in this case should annular is comprised of two assemblies.Be becket 228 on the one hand, it engages with plastic hoop 230.There is shown becket 228 in the decomposition according to Fig. 5, it comprises the axial protuberance 218 of implementing with 60 ° of calibration on the one hand, be included in addition inboard upper structure around radial support face 212 and be used for motor stator permanent magnet or with the axial support surface 210 of the pole shoe 31 of excitation winding 34.

Plastic hoop 230 engages with the illustrated becket 228 according in Fig. 5, and this plastic hoop 230 has be used to the tangential supporting surface 214 that prevents the relative motion of permanent magnet on the inner peripheral surface of the housing 28 of motor 10 in the zone of the axial protuberance 218 of becket 228.

Fig. 6 shows two members that also separate in Fig. 5: the state of the joint of becket 228 and plastic hoop 230.

Fig. 7 shows again the cutaway view according to the positioner 208 of the illustrated annular of having assembled in Fig. 6.As can be known, becket 228 and plastic hoop 230 are along abutment face 234 against each other from the diagram according to Fig. 7.

Two execution mode modification of the positioner 208 of the annular that utilization proposes according to the present invention realize, but but on the inner peripheral surface of the housing of the structure poling pipe 28 of motor 10 particularly fixed permanent magnet and mild steel 200 or the pole shoe 31 of fixed excitation winding 34 on the one hand on the other hand, and make it the in service of motor, can not leave initial installation site, thereby guarantee, the starting power of the starter of motor is because the relative motion of mild steel 200 or permanent magnet 31 descends.

Claims

A motor (10), especially for the starting device of internal combustion engine, described motor has housing (28), accommodate at least one magnet (31) and at least one mild steel (200) in described housing (28), it is characterized in that, described at least one magnet (31) and described at least one mild steel (200) positioner (208) by annular is at least diametrically internally and in upwards being maintained at described housing (28) week.
2., according to motor claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the positioner of described annular (208) is composite component (222) or for by two members of being bonded into of member (228,230) independently.
3., according to the described motor of any one in the claims, it is characterized in that, described composite component (222) has the insert (224) of metal, and the insert of described metal is surrounded by plastic encapsulation section (226).
4. according to the described motor of last claim, it is characterized in that, the positioner of described annular (208) has axial supporting surface (210), supporting surface radially (212) and tangential supporting surface (214) to be used for location at least one magnet (31).
5., according to the described motor of the first two claim, it is characterized in that, the positioner of described annular (208) has for the recess (220) with at least one mild steel (200) location in the zone of axial protuberance (218).
6., according to the described motor of any one in the claims, it is characterized in that, the member of the positioner of described annular (208) for being bonded into, this member has the becket (228) that is configured on described axial protuberance (218).
7. according to the described motor of any one in the claims, it is characterized in that, be provided with axial supporting surface (210), supporting surface (212) radially and tangential supporting surface (214) for described at least one magnet (31) on described becket (228).
8., according to the described motor of any one in the claims, it is characterized in that, the axial protuberance (208) of described becket (228) has the recess (220) at least one mild steel of location (200).
9., according to the described motor of any one in the claims, it is characterized in that, the positioner of described annular (208) form fit connects ground or power transmission is fixed in described housing (28) with connecting, especially in utmost point pipe.
10. according to the described motor of any one in the claims, it is characterized in that, the positioner of described annular (208) comprises for the abutment face of axially, radially and tangentially locating at least one magnet (31) (210,212,214).