CN103386892B - 增程器、驱动装置和机动车 - Google Patents

增程器、驱动装置和机动车 Download PDF

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CN103386892B
CN103386892B CN201310288743.9A CN201310288743A CN103386892B CN 103386892 B CN103386892 B CN 103386892B CN 201310288743 A CN201310288743 A CN 201310288743A CN 103386892 B CN103386892 B CN 103386892B
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CN103386892A (zh
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S·布茨曼
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Robert Bosch GmbH
Samsung SDI Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/527—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • B60L2240/529—Current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于由电机(208)驱动的混合动力车辆的增程器(100)。所述增程器(100)包括用于生成电能的发电机(104)；用于驱动发电机(104)的内燃机(102)，发电机生成n个发电机输出电压；和n‑相整流器(106)，其将所述n个发电机输出电压整流成经整流的输出电压。增程器(100)的特征在于，其还包括直流变换器(108)，其用于转换发电机(104)的经整流的输出电压。此外，本发明涉及一种具有增程器(100)的驱动装置和一种具有所述驱动装置的车辆。

Description

增程器、驱动装置和机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于由电机驱动的混合动力车辆的增程器，一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动装置和一种具有所述驱动装置的机动车。
背景技术
众所周知，混合动力车辆是一种具有至少两个换能器和两个安装在车辆中的蓄能器系统的车辆。例如，电机，火花点火式发动机和柴油发动机都属于换能器。例如，蓄电池和燃料箱属于蓄能器。混合动力车辆可以节省燃料并同时改善行驶性能。
目前各种不同的混合概念按照其电驱动装置的功率等级可如下划分：微混合，轻度混合，全混合或插电式混合。
此外，可如下划分混合拓扑：
-串联混合，在串联混合时，例如，内燃机驱动发电机，然后发电机提供电流用于给蓄电池充电或驱动电机，从而使得车辆前行，其中，内燃机与车辆的驱动轴没有机械连接。
-并联混合，在并联混合时，大多时候是内燃机单独地或电机单独地驱动车辆，其中，为了给蓄电池充电，内燃机也能够在发电机运行时驱动电机。
-功率分流混合，其特征在于具有能够使电机和内燃机的功率相加的行星齿轮系。
内燃机-发电机-系统，尤其是在串联式混合驱动装置中，也被称作增程器，英语，Range Extender。
从DE 10 2010 002 168 A1中已知一种用于电机驱动的车辆的增程器，其中，增程器具有用于驱动9相发电机的内燃机。发电机以交流电压向9相桥式整流器馈电。桥式整流器生成直流电压，所述直流电压通过两芯式用于充电的导线直接位于锂离子蓄电池处。锂离子蓄电池再向用于车辆的驱动装置的电机提供能量。然后，当锂离子蓄电池达到一个低的充电状态时，已知的增程器激活。增程器借此延长车辆的行程长度。
从先申报和后发表的文献DE 10 2010 064 314中已知一种用于将增程器与可控的，直接与电机连接的蓄电池耦合的系统。增程器与蓄电池的耦合是直接地或通过可控的开关元件实现的。
此外，从DE 10 2010 027 857和DE 10 2010 027 861中已知与电机直接连接的可控蓄电池。
发明内容
按照本发明，提供一种用于由电机驱动的混合动力车辆的增程器。所述增程器包括用于生成电能的发电机；用于驱动发电机的内燃机，发电机生成n个发电机输出电压；和n-相整流器，其用于将所述n个发电机输出电压整流成经整流的输出电压(n是自然数，优选大于1，更加优选大于2)。按照本发明的增程器的特征在于，其还包括直流变换器，其用于转换发电机的经整流的输出电压。
此外，还提供一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动装置。所述驱动装置包括具有n个蓄电池组的受控的蓄电池，其用于提供n-相交流电压；第一电机，用于驱动所述混合动力车辆，其中，在所述第一电机处存在所述n-相交流电压；和按照本发明的增程器，其中，所述增程器交替地向蓄电池组充电。
此外，还提供一种机动车，尤其是一种混合动力车辆，其具有上述驱动装置。
本发明的优势
按照本发明的增程器的优势在于，其通过直流变换器能够提供一个可调节的经整流的输出电压或经整流的输出电流。优选地，增程器尤其具有一个电流传感器和一个调节器。电流传感器能够获取n-相整流器的经整流的输出电流，并且调节器能够根据获取的经整流的输出电流来如此地调节直流变换器，以便基本上恒定的输出电流流动。经整流的恒定的输出电流适用于，例如，给蓄电池尤其是锂离子蓄电池充电。
按照本发明的另一方面，直流变换器能够包括一个降频变换器或称作步降转换器。降频变换器在运行时通常能效特别高并且允许使输入电压下降至一个较低的输出电压。降频变换器典型地具有由一个周期性地接通的电子开关和一个自振荡二极管构成的串联电路，其中，由一个电抗器和一个电容器构成的串联电路与所述二极管并联。
通过按照本发明的增程器，驱动装置原则上能够给蓄电池充电并借此延长配置有所述驱动装置的车辆的行程长度。此外，通过按照本发明的增程器还可以给受控的蓄电池和尤其是给其蓄电池组交替地充电。蓄电池组能够直接地和优选在不使用逆变器的情况下生成n-相交流电压。刚好生成n-相交流电压的最低瞬时电压的蓄电池组能够吸收增程器的经整流的电流并借此被充电。因为最低瞬时电压通常是交替地位于n个蓄电池组之中，因此增程器是交替地给蓄电池组充电。
优选，受控的蓄电池是锂离子蓄电池。
按照本发明的另一方面，驱动装置能够包含n个二极管，其中，一个二极管可以分别与n个蓄电池组中的一个和与增程器连接，并且其中，二极管是以这样的方式接通，即能够给蓄电池组充电，优选在流动方向。二极管尤其阻止电流从一个蓄电池组回流到其它的蓄电池组和相反的流动。在一个可选的实施形式中，替代n个二极管驱动装置可以包含n个半导体开关。一个半导体开关也可以分别与n个蓄电池组中的一个和与增程器连接。优选，半导体开关能够以下述的方式接通，即，当第n个半导体开关使一个预先设定的蓄电池组与增程器连接时，剩余的n-1个半导体开关在这个时刻使n-1个蓄电池组与增程器分开。以这种方式，能够充电预定的蓄电池组。例如当一个蓄电池组的电量少于其它的蓄电池组的时候这是非常有利的。尤其地，n个半导体开关实现了对所述蓄电池充电并不依赖于在该蓄电池组上是否存在n个蓄电池组的最低瞬时电压。
半导体开关包括，例如，MOSFET(金属-氧化层-半导体-场效应晶体管)，IGBT(绝缘栅双极型晶体管)，晶闸管或双极晶体管。
按照本发明的另一方面，直流变换器被设置为生成预定的输出电流。借此，增程器能够有针对性地提供与对应的待充电蓄电池组相适应的充电电流。
此外，优选，n等于3。这表示，驱动装置形成一个三相系统。这比较有利，因为三相组件，例如，这种结构形式的电机和发电机通常成本较低。
附图说明
下面借助附图和及其说明对本发明的实施示例进行详细说明
图1示出了按照本发明的增程器的实施示例，和
图2示出了驱动装置的实施示例。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了增程器100，该增程器包括一个内燃机102和一个与内燃机102连接的发电机104。内燃机102生成转动能，发电机104吸收转动能并转化成电能。发电机104以三相交流电压的形式把电能输送给一个三相桥式整流器106，该三相桥式整流器106从中生成经整流的输出电压或经整流的输出电流。经整流的输出电压经过降频变换器108，并且在那里位于输入滤波电容器110之上以及由一个开关112和一个自振荡二极管114构成的串联电路之上。此外，由一个电抗器116和一个输出滤波电容器118构成的串联电路与自振荡二极管114并联。输出滤波电容器118根据经整流的输出电压生成一个下调的输出直流电压。
通过调节器122例如经由电流传感器获取降频变换器108的输出直流电流。调节器122根据降频变换器108的输出直流电流来调节开关112，以使得降频变换器108提供基本上恒定的输出直流电流。恒定的输出直流电流提供给一个受控的蓄电池200用于充电，如图2所示。
图2所示的蓄电池200具有三个蓄电池组202。与三个蓄电池组相对应，增程器通过三个二极管120与蓄电池组202相连接。
每个蓄电池组202具有由多个蓄电池模块203组成的串联电路。每个蓄电池组202形成一相，其直接与三相电机208连接。
每个蓄电池模块203包括由多个锂离子蓄电池单元组成的串联电路206，和一个耦合单元204。耦合单元204输出锂离子蓄电池单元串联电路206的电压，其反向电压或一个零伏电压，其中，在耦合单元204桥接锂离子蓄电池单元串联电路206这一情况下。耦合单元204的串联电路形成一个蓄电池组202，该蓄电池组可以例如生成一个分级的交流电压。受控的蓄电池200能够在没有逆变器的情况下直接驱动三相电机208。
如果多个蓄电池组202中的一个的瞬时电压刚好处在最低值，增程器100的恒定的输出电流向该蓄电池组充电。因为最低的瞬时电压交替地外位于多个蓄电池组202处，因此，增程器100交替地给蓄电池组202充电。
增程器100，受控的蓄电池200和电机208形成一个混合驱动装置，该驱动装置能够例如应用于车辆。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动装置，包括：
具有n个蓄电池组(202)的受控的蓄电池(200)，其用于直接地提供n-相交流电压；
第一电机(208)，其用于驱动所述混合动力车辆，其中，在所述第一电机(208)处存在所述n-相交流电压；和
增程器(100)，其中，所述增程器(100)交替地为所述n个蓄电池组充电，并且包括：
发电机(104)，其用于生成电能；
内燃机(102)，其用于驱动所述发电机(104)，所述发电机生成n个发电机输出电压；和
n-相整流器(106)，其用于将所述n个发电机输出电压整流成经整流的输出电压，
所述增程器(100)还包括降频变换器(108)，其用于转换所述发电机(104)的经整流的输出电压，其中所述降频变换器(108)包括第一串联电路和第二串联电路，所述第一串联电路包括开关和二极管，所述第二串联电路包括电抗器和电容器；
并且，所述增程器(100)还包括电流传感器和调节器(122)，所述电流传感器获取所述n-相整流器的经整流的输出电流，所述调节器根据所获取的经整流的输出电流来如此调节所述降频变换器(108)，以使得恒定的输出电流流动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述驱动装置包含n个二极管(120)，其中，一个二极管(120)分别与所述n个蓄电池组(202)中的一个蓄电池组和与所述增程器(100)连接，并且其中，如此地接通所述二极管(120)，以使得所述蓄电池组(202)能够充电。
3.根据权利要求1所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述驱动装置包含n个半导体开关，其中，一个半导体开关分别与所述n个蓄电 池组(202)中的一个蓄电池组和与所述增程器(100)连接，并且其中，能够如此地接所述半导体开关，以使得所述半导体开关将一个预定的蓄电池组(202)与所述增程器(100)连接。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，所述降频变换器(108)被设置为生成预定的输出电流。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的驱动装置，其特征在于，n等于3。
6.一种机动车，其具有根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的驱动装置。
7.根据权利要求6所述的机动车，其特征在于，所述机动车为混合动力车辆。
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