CN103373794A - Sewage treatment process and special-purpose one-piece sewage treatment plant - Google Patents
Sewage treatment process and special-purpose one-piece sewage treatment plant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sewage treatment process and a special-purpose one-piece sewage treatment plant. The process comprises the following steps: 1) arrangement of a water inlet system: sewage input from an inlet pipe and pretreated by thick and fine gratings and a vortex-type grit chamber is sent into a biological reaction system; 2) arrangement of the biological reaction system: the biological reaction system is divided into an anoxic area, an anaerobic area, an aerobic area and a sedimentation area, and activated sludge in each area utilizes katabolism of microbes to converse organic matters into inorganic matters to realize nitrogen and phosphorus removal; 3) arrangement of the sedimentation basin: sludge and water in the treated sewage can be separated, so that the water outlet is clarified; and 4) arrangement of a disinfection tank: the treated water from the step 3) is disinfected to kill pathogenic organisms and then discharged through an outlet pipe. The invention also discloses a one-piece sewage treatment plant. The invention has the advantages of small land occupation, small investment, compact mechanism, low loss of a water head, low investment for the engineering project, optimized, stable and mature technology, good nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect and good organic pollutant removal effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of sewage, is the technology of sewage treatment process and special-purpose waste disposal plant thereof specifically.
Background technology
At present, the urban wastewater treatment firm of China 80% adopts activated sludge process or other traditional technologys, sewage treatment process commonly used has AAO, AO, SBR, CASS, USBA, MBR, oxidation ditch and other improved technology, it is also high that these techniques all have denitrogenation dephosphorizing, an organic removal rate, technical maturity is stable, operation management is simple, but its technological principle and characteristics, equipment respectively is not quite similar, and also each is different for the problem of existence.
One, A
2/ O technique is AAO technique
1. ultimate principle: A
2/ O technique, it is the abbreviation of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic biological denitrification phosphorous removal technique.This art breading efficient generally can reach: BOD5 and SS are 90%～95%, and total nitrogen is more than 70%, and phosphorus is about 90%, generally are applicable to require the large-and-medium size cities Sewage Plant of denitrogenation dephosphorizing.But A
2The capital cost of/O technique and running cost all are higher than conventional activated sludge process, and operational management requires high.
2.A
2/ O process characteristic: (1) contaminant removal efficiency is high, and is stable, and preferably anti impulsion load is arranged.(2) sludge settling property is good, each the independent design of AAO pond and second pond.(3) organic cooperation of anaerobism, anoxic, aerobic three kinds of different envrionment conditionss and different types of microorganisms flora can have the function of removing organism, denitrogenation dephosphorizing simultaneously.(4) denitrification effect is subjected to the impact of return current ratio of the mixed liquid size, and phosphor-removing effect then is subjected to carry secretly in the returned sluge DO and nitric acid attitude effect of oxygen, thereby denitrogenation dephosphorizing efficient can not be very high.(5) the deoxidation dephosphorization is removed in the organic technique at the same time, and this technical process is the simplest, and total hydraulic detention time also is less than similar other techniques.(6) under the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic alternate run, thread fungus can amount reproduction, and SVI is generally less than 100, sludge bulking can not occur.
Two, oxidation ditch
1, oxidation Ditch Technology, it is oxidation ditch process: a kind of distortion that is activated sludge process, oxidation ditch sewage treatment technology has the technical characterstics such as effluent quality is good, stable, convenient management, has been widely used in the improvement of sanitary sewage and industrial sewage at home and abroad.So far, oxidation Ditch Technology has experienced the development of over half a century, constantly brings forth new ideas at aspects such as structural form, aeration mode, operation scheme, oxidation ditch of a great variety, that differ from one another occurred.Consider that from the operation scheme angle oxidation Ditch Technology development mainly contains two aspects: be to be arranged in chronological order the master sewage is processed on the one hand; To be arranged to the master by spatial order sewage is processed on the other hand.What belong to the former has alternately and half alternation formula oxidation ditch; The non-stop run that has that belongs to the latter divides the formula of building and Round Sump oxidation ditch, but the active sludge precipitation generally all will arrange separately second pond.Present widely used oxidation ditch type comprises: handkerchief swell (Pasveer) oxidation ditch, Carrousel (Carrousel) oxidation ditch, Ao Erbai (Orbal) oxidation ditch, T-shaped oxidation ditch (three channel type oxidation channels), DE type oxidation ditch and integrated oxidation ditch, integral type oxidation ditch technique.
2, the application of oxidation ditch process in sewage disposal: oxidation ditch had both had the feature of plug-flow reaction, had again the advantage of complete hybrid reaction; The former makes it have the good condition of water outlet, and the latter makes it have the ability of anti-shock loading.Exactly because this circulation is arranged, and the cause of energy subregion is arranged, make it have numerous advantages that other many dirty water living creature processing technique have, wherein the most significant advantage is stable and reliable operation.Because it is good, stable to have effluent quality, convenient management and a series of technical characterictics that are different from traditional activated sludge process, oxidation Ditch Technology is used widely in sewage disposal.Its treatment scale is processed object and is also developed into and can Treating Municipal Sewage can process the trade effluents such as petroleum wastewater, wastewater from chemical industry, paper waste, dyeing waste water and food processing wastewater again also in continuous expansion
3, the New research progress of oxidation ditch process: by the analysis to multiple Continuous Flow biological dephosphorize denitrification technique, and theoretical in conjunction with new dephosphorization denitrogenation, people have carried out the improvement of various ways to oxidation ditch process.
3.1 the structure principle of improvement oxidation ditch: the structure of improvement oxidation ditch is on the idea basis of integrated Simple sewage treatment technology, relies on Carrousel oxidation ditch, integrated oxidation ditch and opel oxidation ditch and sets up.It is the mode with Continuous Flow, by space partition zone and spatial order and to the optimal control of dissolved oxygen, sewage purification (removal of C, N, P) and solid-liquid separation function is integrated in one, with the reactor of the alternative mechanical internal reflux of mode of waterpower internal reflux.The general principle that makes up is the mode with Continuous Flow, still less and reasonably finish C, N, P and SS in the space in remove.
4, ultimate principle
Oxidation ditch has another name called the oxidation canal, and the annular irrigation canals and ditches that are sealing because of its structures are gained the name.It is a kind of modification of activated sludge process.Because sewage and active sludge constantly circulate in the aeration channel, therefore there is the people to be called " circulated aeration tank ", " endless aeration tank ".The hydraulic detention time of oxidation ditch is long, and organic loading is low, and it belongs to the extended aeration system in essence.Oxidation ditch generally is comprised of ditch body, aerator, Inlet and outlet water device, water conservancy diversion and mixing equipment, and the planeform of ditch body also can be rectangle, L shaped, circular or other shapes generally ringwise, and the ditch end surface shape mostly is rectangle and trapezoidal.
5, oxidation ditch process characteristics: (1) structural form diversity, the aeration tank of oxidation ditch are the irrigation canals and ditches shape that is sealing substantially, and the shape of irrigation canals and ditches and structure are then varied, irrigation canals and ditches can be rounded and oval etc. shape.Can be single trench system or many trench systems; Many trench systems can be one group of concentric irrigation canals and ditches that interconnect, and also can be to be parallel to each other, one group of measure-alike irrigation canals and ditches.Have with secondary sedimentation basins and divide the oxidation ditch of building that the oxidation ditch of building jointly is also arranged, the oxidation ditch of building jointly has again dividing of the interior formula of body and external formula, etc.Diversified structural form has given oxidation ditch flexible operating performance, and he can be moved according to the operation scheme of any one active sludge, and in conjunction with other technique units, to satisfy different effluent quality requirements.(2) diversity of aerator, aerator commonly used has the brush of turning, rotating disk, surface aerator and jet-flow aeration etc.Different aerating apparatuss has caused different oxidation ditch patterns, as adopt the table aerator Carrousel oxidation ditch, employing turns Paasche Wei Er oxidation ditch of brush etc., different from other activated sludge processes is, aerating apparatus is only installed at certain or a few place of irrigation canals and ditches, number should determine by processing a scale, raw waste water water quality and oxidation ditch structure, the effect of aerating apparatus is except supplying enough oxygen, also to provide the flow velocity that is not less than 0.3m/s in the irrigation canals and ditches, to keep the suspended state of circulation and active sludge.(3) aeration intensity can be regulated, the aeration intensity of oxidation ditch can be regulated by dual mode, the one, regulate by effluent overflow weir water: by the depth of water in the Level Change irrigation canals and ditches of regulating overflow weir, and then the depth of immersion of change aerating apparatus, make its oxygenation capacity adapt to the needs of operation.The variation of depth of immersion also can exert an influence to the impellent of aerator, thereby can play certain regulating effect to the water inlet flow velocity; It two is rotating speeds by direct adjusting aerator: because the development of electromechanical equipment and automatic control technology, can regulate during the rotating speed of the aerator in the oxidation ditch at present, thus the impellent that can regulate aeration intensity.(4) simplified pre-treatment and sludge treatment, the hydraulic detention time of oxidation ditch and sludge age are all long than general biological treatment, and suspended organic matter and dissolved organic matter obtain stablizing more thoroughly simultaneously, and oxidation ditch can not established preliminary sedimentation tank.Because the oxidation ditch process sludge age is long, it is low to load, and the excess sludge of discharge has obtained highly stable, and surplus sludge volume is also less.Therefore no longer need anaerobic digestion, and only need concentrate and dewater.
At present, these techniques commonly used have AAO, AO, SBR, CASS, USBA, MBR, oxidation ditch and other improved technology, and it is also high all to have denitrogenation dephosphorizing, an organic removal rate, but its technological principle and characteristics are not quite similar, each technique all exists certain limitation and shortcoming, and is specific as follows:
AAO technique is about to traditional activated sludge process and biological nitration technique combines, and has effectively removed the organism in the sewage, nitrogen and phosphorus.The technique core of AAO technique is arranged as anaerobism, anoxic, aerobic, precipitation (or preposition anoxic), anaerobism can make in front poly-phosphorus microorganism preferentially obtain carbon source and fully discharge phosphorus, under anaerobic polyP bacteria is converted into organic acid by the cooperation between the bacterial classification with organism and the energy that discharges by the poly-phosphorus of hydrolysis carries out storing in the cartridge, be provided in the follow-up aerobic environment excessive take the photograph phosphorus and self increase breeding provide energy to digest degraded.Be denitrogenation in the oxygen-starved area major function, nitric nitrogen provides by the aerobic zone internal recycle, and internal circulating load is generally 2Q, and the function of denitrogenation has just been finished in the oxygen-starved area, aerobic zone, and this zone is multi-functional, by good sunlight microbiological deterioration BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus etc.The shortcoming of AAO technique, floor space is large, want independent settling tank, nitrifier, denitrifying bacteria, polyP bacteria exist competition and contradiction in organic loading, mud age and organic carbon source demand on the technique, be difficult in same system the efficient removal to carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, the large energy consumption of mud internal reflux amount is high.When the TP/BOD value was too high, surplus sludge volume seldom treatment effect was not good.
Oxidation ditch process is to adopt circulating pond type, the mixed liquid of sewage and active sludge is constantly circulated therein, have the characteristics of fully hybrid and pulling flow type concurrently, it is simple that oxidation ditch has treatment scheme, the convenient operation and management process stabilizing is reliable, and working cost is low.The shortcoming of oxidation ditch is: the sludge bulking problem occurs easily, the operation flow velocity is unstable, produces easily dead all settled sludges, and mud mud longer mud in age is aging easily.
Summary of the invention
It is few to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of occupation of land, the civil engineering less investment, and mechanism is compact, can control the degree height, and the simple sewage water treatment method of management operating combines the advantage of traditional oxidation ditch process and AAO technique and carries out water technology.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of sewage treatment process method is characterized in that described sewage treatment process method comprises the following steps:
1) water inlet pipe is set, sewage is inputted by water inlet pipe, carries out pre-treatment by thick, fine fack at front end;
2) bio-reaction system is set, bio-reaction system is divided into anoxic zones successively, anaerobic zone and aerobic zone and precipitation zone, each zone utilizes the catabolism of microorganism that organism is converted into inorganics, denitrogenation dephosphorizing, wherein denitrogenation is finished by anoxic zones and aerobic zone, dephosphorization is finished by anaerobic zone and aerobic zone, for guaranteeing good Nitrogen/Phosphorus Removal, make nitration reaction, anti-nitration reaction carries out smoothly, aerobic region division reflux and with the nitric acid mixed-liquor return to anoxic zones, in precipitation zone the concentration that the mud external reflux device replenishes active sludge is set;
3) vertical sedimentation basin is set, the density difference that utilizes suspended particle collision flocculation in the water to form large particle and water carries out gravity separation and precipitates, discharge the precipitation active sludge with gantry suction dredge, processing water is clarified, then enter the follow-up zone of disinfecting;
4) the sludge treatment facility is set, an active sludge part of discharging step 3) is replenished into treatment system and is kept the active sludge balance, a part enters sludge treating system and carries out dephosphorization, the mud of discharging adopts the method for mechanical dehydration to carry out processed, mud after dehydration, its water ratio is 60%～80%, forms mud cake, mud cake is collected rear outward transport dispose, and parting liquid enters treatment system.
Described anoxic zones is mainly carried out denitrification denitrogenation, denitrifying bacteria becomes nitrogen with nitrate-nitrogen reduction under anoxic condition, cooperates simultaneously aerobic regional dephosphorization, and the macromole organic granular is resolved into the small molecules organic granular, improve the biodegradability of waste water, wherein dissolved oxygen concentration is 0.2-0.5mg/L; Described anaerobic zone is mainly carried out phosphate releasing, and under anaerobic polyP bacteria discharges Phosphorus Absorption, and wherein dissolved oxygen concentration is less than 0.2mg/L; Described aerobic regional major function is active sludge microorganism degradation of organic substances, nitrated ammonia nitrogen and excess ingestion phosphorus, under good oxygen condition, nitrifier is oxidized to nitric nitrogen with ammonia nitrogen, polyP bacteria absorbs under aerobic condition and consumes more phosphorus, reach the effect of removing phosphor in sewage by the high excess sludge of discharging phosphorus content, wherein dissolved oxygen concentration generally is not less than 2mg/L.
Described scarce anoxic zones, anaerobic zone and aerobic zone arrange respectively training wall, guide ring and impeller, sewage water inlet, mud internal reflux, mud external reflux mix, carry out mixing, circulation, pulling flow type operation process by training wall, guide ring, impeller, strengthen the duration of contact that prolongs active sludge and sewage.
The water level in described scarce anoxic zones, anaerobic zone and aerobic zone is 5.0m-5.8m, sludge concentration is 3000mg/L-5000mg/L, the bottom in aerobic zone arranges compartment aeration Air supply facility, be provided with gate between anaerobic zone and the aerobic zone, anoxic zones, the single group of anaerobic zone arrange, aerobic zone, and the two groups of the sludge reflux system of precipitation zone arrange, by gate in the middle of anaerobic zone and the aerobic zone, treatment system can singly be organized operation or two groups of operations.
The bottom interval formula aeration Air supply facility in described aerobic zone, the aerating apparatus zone is installed forms high-solubility oxygen plug-flow oxygen consumption formation hypoxemia district by active sludge microorganism when the aerating apparatus zone is not installed, compartment oxygen supply aeration forms the dissolved oxygen difference of height, can sludge bulking.The integral type sewage treatment unit of the described sewage treatment process method of a kind of special use, comprise the water inlet unit that sets gradually, anoxic unit, anaerobic unit, aerobic unit and precipitation unit, the sludge treatment unit, the oxygen supply unit of sewage treatment facility and the center-control chamber unit of facility system, be provided with mud external reflux system between anoxic unit and the precipitation unit, be provided with the internal reflux system between anoxic unit and the aerobic unit, described anoxic unit, anaerobic unit, all be furnished with the linear pattern training wall with oxidation ditch function in the aerobic unit, also has the arc line type training wall in the end of training wall, and the both sides in the linear pattern training wall are equipped with pushing flow mixer, described anoxic unit, anaerobic unit, aerobic unit and precipitation unit all arrange separately, described precipitation unit comprises vertical-flow rectangle sedimentation tank, aerobic unit is communicated with the bottom of vertical-flow rectangle sedimentation tank, vertical-flow rectangle sedimentation tank bottom is the mud district, top is the clean water overflow district, vertical-flow rectangle sedimentation tank water side also is provided with the tube settling district, the tube settling district is connected with rising pipe and rising pipe is connected with follow-up sterilisation system, wherein the clear water on vertical-flow rectangle sedimentation tank top flows into the tube settling district again by overflow groove, flow into rising pipe through precipitation, flow into again follow-up sterilisation system.
Described settling tank is flow lifting type rectangle vertical sedimentation tank, and the water side of the perpendicular stream precipitation of flow lifting type rectangle is inclined-pipe settler, and its underpart is the sludge settling district, is provided with gantry suction dredge at settling tank.
By structure of the present invention, can realize following advantages:
The present invention is a kind of integral type oxidation ditch technique, and the structures in the art breading flow process and buildings are combined, and has to take up an area to lack the civil engineering less investment, mechanism is compact, and the few lift of the water level discrepancy in elevation is low, and the head loss is low, Engineering Project is low, can control the degree height, and management operating is simple.The present invention adopts the biochemical reaction pool technology, traditional oxidation ditch process and AAO technique are combined, process optimization is stable ripe, high-level efficiency denitrogenation dephosphorizing, organic pollutant removal effect height, treatment process employing flow lifting type rectangle vertical sedimentation tank wherein is aided with tube settling and improves the clearance that water suspension.
The present invention also has following concrete advantage:
1) oxidation ditch and AAO unitized construction possess highly effective dephosphorizing denitrification, and active sludge internal reflux to oxygen-starved area is anoxic unit, replenish integral type sewage treatment facility activated sludge concentration.
2) the perpendicular stream of the flow lifting type rectangle tube settling structure that is settled out the water end (W.E.) configuration has the function of stable water outlet, aerobic zone is that the bottom of active sludge by flow lifting type rectangle vertical sedimentation tank of aerobic unit enters vertical-flow rectangle sedimentation tank, carries out flow lifting type gravity flocculation sediment function.
3) aerobic zone is that the aerobic unit part arranges aerating apparatus, and compartment oxygen supply aeration formation DO difference of height, saves energy and reduce the cost, can not produce sludge bulking.
4) sewage enters anoxic unit to the poor effect of low water head that forms head difference 200～800mm between the flow lifting type rectangle vertical sedimentation tank water side.
5) oxidation ditch combines with AAO technique to possess simultaneously in integrated waste water treating process of the present invention the operation process of cycling stream, mixed flow, plug-flow mode.
By technical scheme of the present invention, can carry out integral type oxidation ditch technique, the excellent characteristics that namely can carry out conventional oxidation ditch technique and two kinds of techniques of AAO technique combine, be to make up on the basis of the shortcoming of complementary each technique, but also the settling tank of the independent setting that oxidation ditch and AAO are had has also carried out the integral type combination.The present invention has occupation of land and lacks, the civil engineering less investment, mechanism is compact, and the water level discrepancy in elevation is few, and the head loss is low, Engineering Project is low, can control the degree height, process optimization is stable ripe, good denitrogenation and dephosphorization effect, the organic pollutant removal effect is high, and the flow lifting type rectangle sedimentation tank is aided with the clearance that tube settling improves water outlet SS.
What the invention solves oxidation ditch process occurs the sludge bulking problem easily, the operation flow velocity is unstable, produce easily dead all settled sludges, the easy problem of aging of mud mud longer mud in age, the floor space that has solved AAO technique is large, nitrifier, denitrifying bacteria, polyP bacteria exist competition and contradiction in organic loading, mud age and organic carbon source demand, are difficult in same system the efficient removal to carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, the high problem of the large energy consumption of mud internal reflux amount.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of sewage treatment process method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is integral type sewage treatment unit synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
Such as Fig. 1, sewage treatment process method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1) water inlet pipe is set, sewage is inputted by water inlet pipe, carries out pre-treatment by thick, fine fack at front end;
2) bio-reaction system is set, bio-reaction system is divided into anoxic zones successively, anaerobic zone and aerobic zone and precipitation zone, each zone utilizes the catabolism of microorganism that organism is converted into inorganics, denitrogenation dephosphorizing, wherein denitrogenation is finished by anoxic zones and aerobic zone, dephosphorization is finished by anaerobic zone and aerobic zone, for guaranteeing good Nitrogen/Phosphorus Removal, make nitration reaction, anti-nitration reaction carries out smoothly, aerobic region division reflux and with the nitric acid mixed-liquor return to anoxic zones, in precipitation zone the concentration that the mud external reflux device replenishes active sludge is set;
3) vertical sedimentation basin is set, the density difference that utilizes suspended particle collision flocculation in the water to form large particle and water carries out gravity separation and precipitates, discharge the precipitation active sludge with gantry suction dredge, processing water is clarified, then enter the follow-up zone of disinfecting;
4) the sludge treatment facility is set, an active sludge part of discharging step 3) is replenished into treatment system and is kept the active sludge balance, a part enters sludge treating system and carries out dephosphorization, the mud of discharging adopts the method for mechanical dehydration to carry out processed, mud after dehydration, its water ratio is 60%～80%, forms mud cake, mud cake is collected rear outward transport dispose, and parting liquid enters treatment system.
Wherein anoxic zones is mainly carried out denitrification denitrogenation, denitrifying bacteria becomes nitrogen with nitrate-nitrogen reduction under anoxic condition, cooperates simultaneously aerobic regional dephosphorization, and the macromole organic granular is resolved into the small molecules organic granular, improve the biodegradability of waste water, wherein dissolved oxygen concentration is 0.2-0.5mg/L; Described anaerobic zone is mainly carried out phosphate releasing, and under anaerobic polyP bacteria discharges Phosphorus Absorption, and wherein dissolved oxygen concentration is less than 0.2mg/L; Described aerobic regional major function is active sludge microorganism degradation of organic substances, nitrated ammonia nitrogen and excess ingestion phosphorus, under good oxygen condition, nitrifier is oxidized to nitric nitrogen with ammonia nitrogen, polyP bacteria absorbs under aerobic condition and consumes more phosphorus, reach the effect of removing phosphor in sewage by the high excess sludge of discharging phosphorus content, wherein dissolved oxygen concentration generally is not less than 2mg/L.
In scarce anoxic zones, anaerobic zone and aerobic zone training wall, guide ring and impeller are set respectively, sewage water inlet, mud internal reflux, mud external reflux mix, carry out mixing, circulation, pulling flow type operation process by training wall, guide ring, impeller, strengthen the duration of contact that prolongs active sludge and sewage.
The water level that wherein lacks anoxic zones, anaerobic zone and aerobic zone is 5.0m-5.8m, sludge concentration is 3000mg/L-5000mg/L, the bottom in aerobic zone arranges compartment aeration Air supply facility, be provided with gate between anaerobic zone and the aerobic zone, anoxic zones, the single group of anaerobic zone arrange, aerobic zone, and the two groups of the sludge reflux system of precipitation zone arrange, by gate in the middle of anaerobic zone and the aerobic zone, treatment system can singly be organized operation or two groups of operations.
The bottom interval formula aeration Air supply facility in aerobic zone wherein, the aerating apparatus zone is installed forms high-solubility oxygen plug-flow oxygen consumption formation hypoxemia district by active sludge microorganism when the aerating apparatus zone is not installed, compartment oxygen supply aeration forms the dissolved oxygen difference of height, can sludge bulking.The below specifically describes:
1) water treatment in early stage comprises the mode that adopts physics to hold back, and removes the process of thick suspended substance in the sewage and other foreign material, further removes the process of the tiny floating matter that may be mingled with in the sewage and utilize action of gravity to remove the process of silt particle in the sewage.
Wherein the mode held back of physics adopts the coarse rack device: remove thick suspended substance in the sewage and the process of other foreign material.Hole, hole, gate, pipeline and the mechanical means etc. of protection structures are guaranteed the normal operation of follow-up structures, alleviate simultaneously the load of subsequent disposal unit.
Adopt fine fack: the process of further removing the tiny floating matter that may be mingled with in the sewage.
Adopt rotational flow grit chamber: sewage enters settling pit from tangential direction, in the pond, finish the sedimentation of gravel, sewage after the clarification flows out from top, pond, water body is under the vertical blade agitaion of settling pit top rotating mechanism in the pond, form axial eddy, centripetal force is passed the gravel of sedimentation in the sand hopper of center, by Pneumatic sand extraction mechanism, the lifting of sand water mixture is delivered to grit water separator separates.Before entering biochemical treatment, must remove in advance silt particle.
Adopt biochemical reaction tank: the catabolism that utilizes microorganism is converted into the process of inorganics with organism, is the main place of denitrification dephosphorization.Biochemical reaction tank can be divided into anoxic, anaerobic and aerobic Three regions; By the purpose that reaches denitrogenation in anaerobic-aerobic district, the anaerobic-aerobic district reaches the purpose of dephosphorization respectively.For guaranteeing good Nitrogen/Phosphorus Removal, nitration reaction, anti-nitration reaction are carried out smoothly, in the end an Aerobic Pond arranges reflux, with mixed-liquor return to first anoxic pond.
The oxygen-starved area: the dissolved oxygen mass concentration is generally 0.2-0.5mg/L.Mainly carry out denitrification denitrogenation, denitrifying bacteria becomes nitrogen with nitrate-nitrogen reduction under anoxic condition.Cooperate simultaneously the aerobic zone dephosphorization, the macromole organic granular is resolved into the small molecules organic granular, improve the biodegradability of waste water.
Anaerobic zone: the dissolved oxygen mass concentration is generally less than 0.2mg/L.Mainly carry out phosphate releasing, under anaerobic polyP bacteria discharges phosphorus.
Aerobic zone: the dissolved oxygen mass concentration generally is not less than 2mg/L.Major function is degradation of organic substances, nitrated ammonia nitrogen and excess ingestion phosphorus.Under good oxygen condition, nitrifier is oxidized to nitric nitrogen with ammonia nitrogen; PolyP bacteria absorbs more phosphorus under aerobic condition, reach the effect of removing phosphor in sewage by the high excess sludge of discharging phosphorus content.
Adopt settling tank: utilize suspended particle and the density difference of water in the water, separating bio mud, the process that processing water is clarified.When the relative density of suspended particle greater than 1 the time, under action of gravity, suspended substance sinks to forming throw out; When the relative density of suspended substance less than 1 the time, then float to the water surface, form scum silica frost (oil).Make water obtain to purify by collecting precipitation thing and scum silica frost.The precipitator method can be removed the formed flco of the grains of sand, chemical precipitates, coagulating treatment in the water and the mud of biological treatment, also can be used for the concentrated of precipitating sludge, the mud that second pond produces mostly is organic sludge, wherein a part of mud is collected in storage basin processing to be drained off, and another part sludge reflux continues to take on the effect of carrier to the biochemical treatment section.
Sludge dewatering: adopt the method for mechanical dehydration, further remove the process of moisture percentage in sewage sludge.Mud after dehydration, its water ratio is 60%～80%, thereby loses flow characteristics, and volume reduces, and forms mud cake, and outward transport was disposed after mud cake was collected, and parting liquid enters pipeline and processes.
Sterilization pool is set: sewage is carried out disinfection the process of killing microorganism.In sanitary sewage, hospital sewage and some industrial sewage, except containing a large amount of bacteriums, also be subject to the pollution of pathogenic micro-organism.These borrow water-borne pathogenic micro-organism, mainly contain bacterium class, virus type, protozoa and parasite type.
Such as Fig. 2, integral type sewage treatment unit of the present invention, comprise the water inlet unit 1 that sets gradually, anoxic unit 3, anaerobic unit 2, aerobic unit 4 and precipitation unit 10, also include master control room 5, press the mud room, between dehydration 12, reach Ventilator Room 6 between maintenance, be provided with mud external reflux system 7 between anoxic unit 3 and the precipitation unit 10, be provided with the internal reflux system between anoxic unit 3 and the aerobic unit 4, anoxic unit 3, anaerobic unit 2, the aerobic unit 4 interior linear pattern training walls 8 with oxidation ditch function that all are furnished with, still there is arc line type training wall 81 end at training wall, in anoxic unit 3, anaerobic unit 2, be equipped with pushing flow mixer 9 in the aerobic unit 4 and in the both sides of linear pattern training wall, precipitation unit comprises settling tank 10, aerobic unit 4 is communicated with the bottom of settling tank 10, the settling tank bottom is the sludge settling district, and top is the clean water overflow district and is communicated with tube settling district 11.Settling tank 10 is the rectangle horizontal sedimentation tank, and the water side of rectangle advection sedimentation is inclined tube device 11, and the settling tank bottom is provided with mud-sucking device.。In aerobic unit, be provided with the oxygen supply aerating apparatus.The head difference of sewage from the water inlet pipe end to flow lifting type rectangle horizontal sedimentation tank water side is that the low water head of 200～800mm is poor.The rectangle rectangular sedimentation tank is provided with gantry suction dredge.Anaerobic unit, anoxic unit respectively arrange one group, aerobic unit, oxygen supply aerating apparatus, rectangle horizontal sedimentation tank, tube settling district all arrange two groups, centre at anaerobic unit and aerobic unit is provided with gate, by the single group operation of gate control or two groups running simultaneously.Include respectively anoxic pond, anaerobic pond and Aerobic Pond and corresponding accessory structure spare in anoxic unit, anaerobic unit and the aerobic unit.Like this anaerobic-anoxic-oxic-precipitation-sludge reflux-sludge treatment-system's oxygen supply-system's control consists of the oxidation ditch process of integral type of the present invention.
Treating processes: sewage by pre-treatment after, sewage self-flowing is to the oxygen-starved area, oxygen-starved area, anaerobic zone, aerobic zone all dispose the stirring impeller, aerobic zone has oxygen supply equipment.Oxygen-starved area, anaerobic zone, aerobic zone all are furnished with training wall and have the oxidation ditch function, and abundant organism carbon source in the anoxic zone microorganisms utilization water inlet so that the nitric nitrogen that returned sluge brings carries out denitrification, forms N
2Or N
2O escapes to atmosphere, reach the purpose of denitrogenation, sewage and active sludge intermixture enter anaerobic zone, the contained dissolved oxygen of dissolved oxygen in the sewage and sludge reflux all has been exhausted and has been in anaerobic state, poly-phosphorus microorganism utilizes the interior phosphorus that gathers of born of the same parents to decompose the COD that easily degrades in the energy absorption sewage that produces, and polyP bacteria is converted into carbon source ergastic substances such as (PHB) at anaerobic zone and gathers suction phosphorus energy.Pass through the equipment oxygen supply at aerobic zone, organism is further removed degraded by aerobic bacteria, nitrifier becomes nitrate nitrogen-finished nitration reaction with the mineralized nitrogen in the sewage, polyP bacteria is excessively inhaled phosphorus at anaerobic zone and is entered aerobic zone with active sludge, the active sludge mixture enters rectangular sedimentation tank from the aerobic zone bottom, active sludge carries out mud-water separation part sludge reflux to processing system front end oxygen-starved area-additional active sludge at settling tank, another part is rich in phosphorus sludge as excess sludge discharge, thereby reaches the effect of dephosphorization.
Wherein settling tank 10 is designed to the horizontal sedimentation tank of rectangle, active sludge enters settling tank from aerobic zone with water inlet concentration of suspension MLSS (3000-4000mg/L) by the settling tank bottom, form with oblique upwelling is carried out the gravity flocculation sediment, the active sludge suspended substance is in the process of upwelling, the generation throwing out runs foul of each other between the adjacent particle, particle diameter and the quality of particle are strengthened gradually, particle is combined into an integral body to sinking, and form a clearly liquid-solid interface between the primary water, lower position sludge settling layer, top is the clear water layer.
The below is (day processing 20000m of each structures functional parameter in the waste disposal plant of the present invention
3Be example pretreatment system and in addition design of sterilisation system.)：
1, anoxic pond
The pond holds LxWxH=48.5mx8.25mx5.5m=2199m
3Design discharge is 20000m
3/ d=0.232m
3/ s; Residence time HRT=2.64h; Sludge concentration MLSS=3500mg/L (MLVSS=0.75MLSS).The equipment that arranges has 2 impellers under water, D=1800mm, N=4kW..
2, anaerobic pond
The pond holds LxWxH=34mx8.25mx5.5m=1541m
3Design discharge is 20000m
3/ d=0.232 m
3/ s; Residence time HRT=1.85h; Sludge concentration MLSS=3500mg/L (MLVSS=0.75MLSS).Device type has impeller under water, and 2, D=1800mm, N=4kW..
3, Aerobic Pond
The pond holds LxWxH=82.5mx8.25mx5.5m=3743m
3Design discharge is 10000m
3/ d=0.116m
3/ s; The residence time is HRT=8.97h; Sludge concentration is MLSS=3500mg/L (MLVSS=0.75MLSS); Sludge loading is 0.12kgBOD
5/ kgMLVSS.d; Theoretical total oxygen demand is 190kgO
2/ h; Theoretical total oxygen demand is 280kgO
2/ h; Coefficient of oxygen utilization is 25%; Drag losses is 2.5-5.kpa; Internal reflux ratio R=100-150%;
Device type: type micro-pore aerator, model; L=1000mm, D=91mm, number of devices: single group: 168, two groups 336, device parameter: oxygenation capacity 1.125kgO
2/ h/ root; Standard tolerance: 16m
3/ h/ root; Impeller under water: 4, two groups, totally 8, D=1800mm, N=4kW internal reflux pump: 2 of single groups, two groups 4, flow 625m
3/ h, Yang Cheng H=1.0m, power N=7.5kW
4, settling tank: design discharge: Q=0.17m
3/ s; Single group precipitation area LxW=10.8mx52.5m=567m
2:Waterpower surface load: mean load 0.8m
3/ (m
2.H), maximum load 1.3m
3/ (m
2.h); Moisture percentage in sewage sludge is 99.6%; Return sludge ratio is 50-100%.
Device type: suction dredger (configuration sludge reflux pump), 1 of single group, two groups 2.The flow of sludge reflux pump is 360m
3/ h, power N=4kW, Yang Cheng 2-3m.
5, Ventilator Room: design total air demand: Q=70m
3/ min; Air feed blast P=65kpa; Power of motor N=60kW; 3 of blower fan quantity, wherein 2 usefulness 1 are standby; Import blast P=98kpa; Outlet blast p=163kpa.
6, sludge sump: the pond holds 209m
3Design discharge Q=780m
3/ d; Device type has underwater stirrer, impeller diameter 580mm, power N=3kW.
7, dehydration machine room, major equipment has belt type dewaterer, mud spiral pump, adding of agent system.
Claims (7)
1. a sewage treatment process method is characterized in that described sewage treatment process method comprises the following steps:
1) water inlet pipe is set, sewage is inputted by water inlet pipe, carries out pre-treatment by thick, fine fack at front end;
2) bio-reaction system is set, bio-reaction system is divided into anoxic zones successively, anaerobic zone and aerobic zone and precipitation zone, each zone utilizes the catabolism of microorganism that organism is converted into inorganics, denitrogenation dephosphorizing, wherein denitrogenation is undertaken by anoxic zones and aerobic zone, dephosphorization is undertaken by anaerobic zone and aerobic zone, for guaranteeing good Nitrogen/Phosphorus Removal, make nitration reaction, anti-nitration reaction carries out smoothly, aerobic region division reflux and with the nitric acid mixed-liquor return to anoxic zones, in precipitation zone the concentration that the mud external reflux device replenishes the bio-reaction system active sludge is set;
3) vertical sedimentation basin is set, the density difference that utilizes suspended particle collision flocculation in the water to form large particle and water carries out gravity separation and precipitates, discharge the precipitation active sludge with gantry suction dredge, processing water is clarified, then enter the follow-up zone of disinfecting;
4) the sludge treatment facility is set, an active sludge part of discharging step 3) is replenished into treatment system and is kept the active sludge balance, a part enters sludge treating system and carries out dephosphorization, the mud of discharging adopts the method for mechanical dehydration to carry out processed, mud after dehydration, its water ratio is 60%～80%, forms mud cake, mud cake is collected rear outward transport dispose, and parting liquid enters treatment system.
2. sewage treatment process method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described anoxic zones is mainly carried out denitrification denitrogenation, denitrifying bacteria becomes nitrogen with nitrate-nitrogen reduction under anoxic condition, cooperate simultaneously aerobic regional dephosphorization, the macromole organic granular is resolved into the small molecules organic granular, improve the biodegradability of waste water, wherein dissolved oxygen concentration is 0.2-0.5mg/L; Described anaerobic zone is mainly carried out phosphate releasing, and under anaerobic polyP bacteria discharges Phosphorus Absorption, and wherein dissolved oxygen concentration is less than 0.2mg/L; Described aerobic regional major function is active sludge microorganism degradation of organic substances, nitrated ammonia nitrogen and excess ingestion phosphorus, under good oxygen condition, nitrifier is oxidized to nitric nitrogen with ammonia nitrogen, polyP bacteria absorbs under aerobic condition and consumes more phosphorus, reach the effect of removing phosphor in sewage by the high excess sludge of discharging phosphorus content, wherein dissolved oxygen concentration generally is not less than 2mg/L.
3. described sewage treatment process method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described scarce anoxic zones, anaerobic zone and aerobic zone arrange respectively training wall, guide ring and impeller, sewage water inlet, mud internal reflux, mud external reflux mix, carry out mixing, circulation, pulling flow type operation process by training wall, guide ring, impeller, strengthen the degradation time that contacts that prolongs active sludge and sewage.
4. described sewage treatment process method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the water level in described scarce anoxic zones, anaerobic zone and aerobic zone is 5.0M-5.8M, sludge concentration is 3000MG/L-5000MG/L, the bottom in aerobic zone arranges compartment aeration Air supply facility, be provided with gate between anaerobic zone and the aerobic zone, anoxic zones, the single group of anaerobic zone arrange, aerobic zone, the two groups of the sludge reflux system of precipitation zone arrange, by gate in the middle of anaerobic zone and the aerobic zone, treatment system can singly be organized operation or two groups of operations.
5. described sewage treatment process method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the bottom interval formula aeration Air supply facility in described aerobic zone, the aerating apparatus regional oxygen supply is installed is formed high-solubility oxygen plug-flow oxygen consumption formation hypoxemia district by active sludge microorganism when aerating apparatus oxygen supply zone is not installed, compartment oxygen supply aeration forms the dissolved oxygen difference of height, can sludge bulking.
6. integral type sewage treatment unit that is exclusively used in the described sewage treatment process method of the arbitrary claim of claim 1-5, comprise the water inlet unit that sets gradually, anoxic unit, anaerobic unit, aerobic unit and precipitation unit, the sludge treatment unit, the oxygen supply unit of sewage treatment facility and the center-control chamber unit of facility system, be provided with mud external reflux system between anoxic unit and the precipitation unit, be provided with the internal reflux system between anoxic unit and the aerobic unit, described anoxic unit, anaerobic unit, all be furnished with the linear pattern training wall with oxidation ditch function in the aerobic unit, also has the arc line type training wall in the end of training wall, and the both sides in the linear pattern training wall are equipped with pushing flow mixer, described anoxic unit, anaerobic unit, aerobic unit and precipitation unit all arrange separately
Described precipitation unit comprises vertical-flow rectangle sedimentation tank, aerobic unit is communicated with the bottom of vertical-flow rectangle sedimentation tank, vertical-flow rectangle sedimentation tank bottom is the mud district, top is the clean water overflow district, vertical-flow rectangle sedimentation tank water side also is provided with the tube settling district, and the tube settling district is connected with rising pipe and rising pipe is connected with follow-up sterilisation system, and wherein the clear water on vertical-flow rectangle sedimentation tank top flows into the tube settling district again by overflow groove, flow into rising pipe through precipitation, flow into again follow-up sterilisation system.
7. integral type sewage treatment unit according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described settling tank is flow lifting type rectangle vertical sedimentation tank, the water side of the perpendicular stream precipitation of flow lifting type rectangle is inclined-pipe settler, and its underpart is the sludge settling district, is provided with gantry suction dredge at settling tank.
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Application publication date: 20131030 |