Summary of the invention
(1): a kind of slight irrigation material with capillary percolation function and preparation method thereof
A kind of slight irrigation material with capillary percolation function and preparation method thereof, not containing interleaving agent and surfactant in this material, the inorganic filler ratio of filling is higher, the infiltration effect overcoming material in prior art is poor, investment is large, the cost of raw material is high, technological process is long, production efficiency is low, the shortcoming that overall manufacturing cost is high, this material has in not hydrophilic thermoplastic matrix simultaneously, be uniform-distribution with the structure of being piled up the capillary infiltration network formed by hydrophilic inorganic filler particle, this structure both ensure that processing and the serviceability of material, again can according to the flow of water height of the soil contacted with it, water can by outwards infiltration or the stopping outwards infiltration automatically of the capillary network of material internal.This material also can have function that is antibacterial, that keep away mouse, can be widely used in the infiltrating irrigation elements such as the various infiltrating irrigation tubing of buried slight irrigation domain requirement, filtration irrigation membrane pipe, filtration irrigation membrane pipe (band), hollow container, film.
The invention provides a kind of Capillary penetration micro irrigation material, comprise following component:
Component A: thermoplastic, this thermoplastic comprise polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polystyrene, polyester, nylon, Merlon or based on above-mentioned thermoplastic blended/modification by copolymerization thing,
Wherein: described thermoplastic melt mass flow rate≤4g/10min;
B component: hydrophilic inorganic filler, the flyash that red mud, titanium dioxide, industrial power plant flue gas desulfating gypsum or boiler that the salt slurry that described hydrophilic inorganic filler comprises metal oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate, the oxide of silicon, the condensation polymer of silicate, the condensation polymer of aluminosilicate, lightweight or powdered whiting, silica gel, zeolite, talcum, hydration talcum, chlorine industry produce, Aluminum produce produce, or two or more mixture of above-mentioned inorganic filler, the particle diameter of described hydrophilic inorganic filler is: 10 μm-1.6 μm;
Auxiliary agent component C: composite antioxidant, described composite antioxidant is composited with parts by weight 1: 1 by Hinered phenols antioxidant and phosphorous acid esters thermal oxidation stabilizer;
Auxiliary agent component D: Tissuemat E or atactic copolymerized polypropene that the high fluidity polyethylene of melt mass flow rate >=30g/10min or polypropylene or mean molecule quantity are greater than 3000;
The parts by weight of above-mentioned each component are:
A:100,B:45-300,C:0.2-1.0,D:1-5;
Each component above-mentioned is taken at mixing obtained Capillary penetration micro irrigation material in mixing roll according to weighing balance.This material has in not hydrophilic thermoplastic matrix, equally distributedly pile up by hydrophilic inorganic filler particle the capillary that forms and to seep water network structure, can according to the flow of water height of the soil contacted with it, water can outwards be seeped water by this capillary infiltration network or be stopped outside infiltration.
Its component A is the polyethylene of melt mass flow rate≤0.1g/10min.
Its component A is the polypropylene of melt mass flow rate≤0.4g/10min.
It is characterized in that the particle size range of its B component is 6.5 μm-1.6 μm.
It is characterized in that the particle size range of its B component is 2.6 μm-1.6 μm.
It is characterized in that the parts by weight of its B component are 65-200.
It is characterized in that the parts by weight of its B component are 85-150.
It is characterized in that, in its B component, also can adding nano-particle material, its grain size is 60nm ~ 150nm, and adding parts by weight is≤10.
It is characterized in that its nano-particle material is nano-calcium carbonate.
It is characterized in that the grain size of nano-particle material is 60nm ~ 100nm.
It is characterized in that the grain size of nano-particle material is 60nm ~ 80nm.
The parts by weight that add that it is characterized in that its nano-particle material are≤6.
It is characterized in that its auxiliary agent component C is that four [β-(3.5-di-t-butyl, 4-hydroxy phenyl) propionic acid] pentaerythritol esters and tricresyl phosphite (2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenyl) ester are composited.
It is characterized in that its auxiliary agent component D is high fluidity polyethylene or the polypropylene of melt mass flow rate >=70g/10min.
It is characterized in that this material also containing adjuvant component E: antiseptic, described antiseptic is the metal ions such as silver, copper, zinc and compound thereof or mixture and nanometer metallic silver, the compound that to be fixed on titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, zeolite, silicate, silica gel, phosphate, active carbon and nano zine oxide, nano-titanium oxide, nano silicon oxide be carrier, its parts by weight are: 0.5-5.
It is characterized in that this material also containing adjuvant component F: keep away mouse agent, describedly keep away that mouse agent is cycloheximide, the slaine of terpenoid compound monomer, borate compounds, aryl phosphate ester or capsicim or above-mentioned two or more the mixture keeping away mouse agent, its parts by weight are: 6-15.
This material is also containing adjuvant component G: carbon black or toner, its parts by weight are: 1-5.
A kind of preparation method of Capillary penetration micro irrigation material, adopt twin-screw mixer comminutor or reciprocating singe screw mixing granulator machine, the draw ratio of mixing granulator machine used is >=40: 1, the long helical pitch that charge door place uses lead angle to be greater than 25 degree, outer screw diameter is the screwing element of the dark screw channel of 1.6 ~ 1.9 with screw inner diameter ratio (Do/Di), exhaust outlet is provided with in charge door downstream, described hydrophilic inorganic filler adopts the multistage material feeding process of three grades or level Four, the amount of filler that the first order adds is the 40%-60% of hydrophilic inorganic filler amount, when containing nano-particle material, all nano-sized filler should first all add by the first order, then according to 40% ~ 20%, 30% ~ 0%, the ratio of 20% ~ 0% by remaining filler from the second level, the third level, the fourth stage adds step by step, mixing granulator obtains material.
A kind of preparation method of Capillary penetration micro irrigation material, adopt twin-screw mixer comminutor or reciprocating singe screw mixing granulator machine, the draw ratio of mixing granulator machine used is 48: 1, the long helical pitch that charge door place uses lead angle to be greater than 25 degree, outer screw diameter is the screwing element of the dark screw channel of 1.6 ~ 1.9 with screw inner diameter ratio (Do/Di), exhaust outlet is provided with in charge door downstream, described hydrophilic inorganic filler adopts level Four material feeding process, the amount of filler that the first order adds is the 40-60% of hydrophilic inorganic filler amount, when containing nano-particle material, all nano-sized filler should first all add by the first order, then according to 40% ~ 20%, 30% ~ 0%, the ratio of 20% ~ 0% by remaining filler from the second level, the third level, the fourth stage adds step by step, mixing granulator obtains material.
A kind of preparation method of Capillary penetration micro irrigation material, adopt master batch processing method, use twin-screw mixer comminutor, the draw ratio of mixing granulator machine used is 48: 1, the long helical pitch that charge door place uses lead angle to be greater than 25 degree, outer screw diameter is the screwing element of the dark screw channel of 1.6 ~ 1.9 with screw inner diameter ratio (Do/Di), exhaust outlet is provided with in charge door downstream, described hydrophilic inorganic filler adopts level Four material feeding process, the amount of the hydrophilic inorganic filler that the first order adds is the 40%-60% of hydrophilic inorganic filler amount, when containing nano-particle material, all nano-sized filler should first all add by the first order, the second level, the third level, the fourth stage feeds in raw material, according to 40% ~ 20%, 30% ~ 0%, remaining filler adds by the ratio of 20% ~ 0% step by step, mixing granulator obtains material masterbatch and joins in dual-screw pelletizer by masterbatch and remaining thermoplastic again, be processed into material.During the processing technology of masterbatch, first the resin and plastic of whole fillers and part is made masterbatch, then by masterbatch and remaining plastics again granulation obtain.
A preparation method for Capillary penetration micro irrigation material, adopts continuous mixing comminutor, adds disposable for all materials, obtained material requested.
Mother material is due to through twice mixing process, and for the filler systems that particle diameter is less, the system particularly containing nano particle, can obtain better dispersion effect.
The preparation method of material of the present invention also can adopt continuous mixing (FCM) comminutor process route.The mixing cavity volume of continuous mixer is large compared with twin-screw mixer comminutor, the infill system that the disposable accommodation particle of energy is comparatively thin, bulk density is less, volume is larger, so can all materials is disposable add, and obtained material requested.
Processing temperature is generally between 110-290 DEG C, and depend primarily on type and the ratio of selected plastics kind and filler, concrete temperature range will provide in an embodiment.
The hydrophilic inorganic filler surface of adding in material of the present invention has numerous hydrophilic polar functional groups, so have capillary percolation function, but due to the existence of polar functional group, make its wellability with not hydrophilic thermoplastic, compatibility all very poor, be difficult to evenly be added in plastics, so often need to add surface modifier at traditional field of plastics processing to carry out surface modification to filler, make it change or increase and wellability, the compatibility of plastics, to obtain enough mechanical properties to meet processing and the serviceability of material.But surface modification treatment often destroys the hydrophily of inorganic filler, sacrifice the capillary percolation performance of inorganic filler.The present invention is in order to keep the hydrophilic permeance property of inorganic filler, surface modification treatment is not carried out to filler, for different materials, by techniques such as classification are reinforced, filler is filled in plastics, be evenly distributed in plastic substrate with a kind of reunion state that can allow, define a kind of aggregate be piled into by countless hydrophilic inorganic filler particle and be evenly distributed on by the structure in the continuous plasticity network that not hydrophilic thermoplastic is formed.The heap masonry of hydrophilic inorganic filler particle connects into a continuous 3 D stereo capillary channel, provides the infiltrate characteristic that material is fabulous, the continuous 3 D stereo network that not hydrophilic thermoplastic is formed, and provides processing and the mechanical and physical performance of material.
(2): a kind of infiltration micro irrigation pipe and manufacture method thereof
A kind of there is unpowered, self adaptation, continue, the micro irrigation pipe of balanced infiltration function and preparation method thereof, its main feature has: the power of infiltrating irrigation tubing water outlet is not external pressure, gravity but capillary percolation and gel synaeresis, does not need external impetus; The control of carrying capacity is not by exterior mechanical or artificial, but automatically adapts to the demand of plant, and according to the height of outside soil water potential, Automatic-seepage water or stopping infiltration, have adaptation function; Excellent anti-clogging effect makes tubing can keep continuing infiltration effect; Capillary percolation function makes to irrigate uniform balance.Use this slight irrigation pipe racks and assist and irrigate required element with other, one " unpowered, self adaptation, lasting, balanced infiltration slight irrigation system " can be formed.Present invention process is easy, and cost is low, solve exist in prior art not environmentally, complex process, production efficiency is low, high in cost of production problem.This infiltration micro irrigation pipe comprises the slight irrigation material with capillary percolation function described in aforementioned (1).
A kind of infiltration micro irrigation pipe, this pipe is made up of double-decker, and outer in order to have the capillary percolation pipe (1) of capillary water seepage function, internal layer (2) is the perforate screwed pipe that recess has strip or circular opening (3),
The slight irrigation material that the employing of described capillary percolation pipe (1) has capillary percolation function is made, described slight irrigation material comprises: component A: thermoplastic, melt mass flow rate (MFR)≤4g/10min (GB/T3682-2000 of this thermoplastic, 190 DEG C/2.16kg, lower same); Component B: hydrophilic inorganic filler, the average grain diameter of described hydrophilic inorganic filler is 10 μm-1.6 μm; Auxiliary agent component C: composite antioxidant, described composite antioxidant is composited by Hinered phenols antioxidant and phosphite ester kind antioxidant 1: 1; Tissuemat E or atactic copolymerized polypropene that the high-flowability polypropylene of auxiliary agent component D: melt mass flow rate >=30g/10min, polyethylene or mean molecule quantity are greater than 3000; The parts by weight of above-mentioned each component are: A:100, B:45-300, C:0.2-1.0, D:1-5, by being taken in mixing roll mixing obtained by each component above-mentioned according to weighing balance.
The slight irrigation material of described capillary percolation function has in not hydrophilic thermoplastic matrix, equally distributedly pile up by hydrophilic inorganic filler particle the capillary that forms and to seep water network structure, make described capillary percolation pipe (1) can according to the flow of water of the soil contacted with it height, water can outwards be seeped water by the capillary channel with network structure of this tube wall inside or stop outside infiltration.
It is characterized in that the component A in its capillary percolation pipe component is selected from, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, polystyrene, polyester, nylon, Merlon or based on above-mentioned thermoplastic blended/modification by copolymerization thing; Component B is selected from, the flyash that red mud, titanium dioxide, industrial power plant flue gas desulfating gypsum or boiler that the salt slurry that the condensation polymer of the oxide of metal oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, sulfate, silicon, the condensation polymer of silicate, aluminosilicate, lightweight or powdered whiting, silica gel, zeolite, talcum, hydration talcum, chlorine industry produce, Aluminum produce produce, or two or more mixture of above-mentioned inorganic filler.
It is characterized in that, in its B component, also can adding nano-particle material, its grain size is 60nm ~ 150nm, and adding parts by weight is≤10.
It is characterized in that the slight irrigation material with capillary percolation function, also containing adjuvant component E: antiseptic, described antiseptic is the metal ions such as silver, copper, zinc and compound thereof or mixture and nanometer metallic silver, the compound that to be fixed on titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, zeolite, silicate, silica gel, phosphate, active carbon and nano zine oxide, nano-titanium oxide, nano silicon oxide be carrier, its parts by weight are: 0.5-5.
It is characterized in that the slight irrigation material with capillary percolation function, also containing adjuvant component F: keep away mouse agent, describedly keep away that mouse agent is cycloheximide, the slaine of terpenoid compound monomer, borate compounds, aryl phosphate ester or capsicim or above-mentioned two or more the mixture keeping away mouse agent, its parts by weight are: 6-15.
This Capillary penetration micro irrigation pipe has the aggregate be piled into by countless hydrophilic inorganic filler particle and is evenly distributed on the three-dimensional network capillary infiltration structure be made up of not hydrophilic thermoplastic.The heap masonry of hydrophilic inorganic filler particle connects into a continuous 3 D stereo capillary penetrating passage, provide the infiltrate characteristic that micro irrigation pipe is fabulous, not hydrophilic thermoplastic forms a continuous 3 D stereo plasticity network, ensure that processing and the mechanical and physical performance of micro irrigation pipe.This micro irrigation pipe has unpowered, self adaptation, lasting, balanced infiltration function, according to the flow of water height of the soil contacted with it, outwards can be seeped water or stop outside infiltration by the capillary network structure of pipe wall material inside.
A kind of anticlogging infiltration micro irrigation pipe, this pipe is made up of double-decker, and skin is gel protective layers (4), and internal layer is the capillary percolation pipe (1) with capillary water seepage function,
Described gel protective layers (4) is made up of non-woven fabrics and high-moisture-retention resin-oatmeal, and by volume, high-moisture-retention resin-oatmeal is the 0.5%-3% of non-woven fabrics, and described high-moisture-retention resin-oatmeal is thrown in non-woven fabrics space;
The slight irrigation material that the employing of described capillary percolation pipe (1) has capillary percolation function is made, and described slight irrigation material comprises: component A: thermoplastic, the melt mass flow rate≤4g/10min of this thermoplastic; Component B: hydrophilic inorganic filler, the average grain diameter of described hydrophilic inorganic filler is 10 μm-1.6 μm; Auxiliary agent component C: composite antioxidant, described composite antioxidant is composited by Hinered phenols antioxidant and phosphite ester kind antioxidant 1: 1; Tissuemat E or atactic copolymerized polypropene that the high-flowability polypropylene of auxiliary agent component D: melt mass flow rate >=30g/10min, polyethylene or mean molecule quantity are greater than 3000; The parts by weight of above-mentioned each component are: A:100, B:45-300, C:0.2-1.0, D:1-5, by being taken in mixing roll mixing obtained by each component above-mentioned according to weighing balance.
The slight irrigation material of described capillary percolation function has in not hydrophilic thermoplastic matrix, equally distributedly pile up by hydrophilic inorganic filler particle the capillary that forms and to seep water network structure, make described capillary percolation pipe (1) can according to the flow of water of the soil contacted with it height, water can outwards be seeped water by the capillary channel with network structure of this tube wall inside or stop outside infiltration.The water that capillary percolation pipe (1) oozes out makes high-moisture-retention resin-oatmeal expand and forms gel; in the high strength macromolecular scaffold network be made up of non-woven fabrics; the outer wall that gel protective layers (4) one side is close to capillary percolation pipe (1) makes gel and capillary channel form one, and one side contacts the anti-clogging protective layer being formed and have infiltration function with soil.
It is characterized in that the high-moisture-retention resin-oatmeal in its outer gel protective layers (4) is selected from: modified starch series, cellulose family, chitin kind, polyacrylic acid sodium salt, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate esters polymer and their copolymer, graft, derivative or modifier.
It is characterized by by volume, high-moisture-retention resin-oatmeal is the 0.5%-1% of non-woven fabrics.
It is characterized in that, in its B component, also can adding nano-particle material, its grain size is 60nm ~ 150nm, and adding parts by weight is≤10.
It is characterized in that the slight irrigation material with capillary percolation function, also containing adjuvant component E: antiseptic, described antiseptic is the metal ions such as silver, copper, zinc and compound thereof or mixture and nanometer metallic silver, the compound that to be fixed on titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, zeolite, silicate, silica gel, phosphate, active carbon and nano zine oxide, nano-titanium oxide, nano silicon oxide be carrier, its parts by weight are: 0.5-5.
It is characterized in that the slight irrigation material with capillary percolation function, also containing adjuvant component F: keep away mouse agent, describedly keep away that mouse agent is cycloheximide, the slaine of terpenoid compound monomer, borate compounds, aryl phosphate ester or capsicim or above-mentioned two or more the mixture keeping away mouse agent, its parts by weight are: 6-15.
It is characterized in that also being surrounded by gel protective layers (4) at the skin of its capillary percolation pipe (1).
A preparation method for micro irrigation pipe, the method comprises the following steps:
Preparation has the slight irrigation material of capillary percolation function: adopt twin-screw mixer comminutor or reciprocating singe screw mixing granulator machine, adopt the multistage material feeding process of three grades or level Four, the draw ratio of mixing granulator machine used is >=40: 1, exhaust outlet is provided with in every grade of charge door downstream, the long helical pitch that charge door place uses lead angle to be greater than 25 degree, outer screw diameter and screw inner diameter are than the screwing element of dark screw channel being 1.6 ~ 1.9, first by whole plastics, auxiliary agent and 40% ~ 60% filler, expect that mouth adds from mixing granulator owner, when containing nano-particle material, all nano-particle materials should first all add by the first order, and then in the second level, the third level, fourth stage charge door, according to 40% ~ 20%, 30% ~ 0%, remaining filler adds by the ratio of 20% ~ 0% step by step, mixing granulator obtains the slight irrigation material with capillary percolation function,
Preparation capillary percolation pipe (1): by the obtained slight irrigation material tube extruding machine extruding pipe material with capillary percolation function, then this tubing inflation, stretching and sizing are processed into the capillary percolation pipe (1) with capillary water seepage function, draw ratio is 1-7 times;
Perforate screwed pipe is imported in capillary percolation pipe (1), form internal layer (2), at the temperature than low 5 DEG C-20 DEG C of capillary percolation pipe melt initiation temperature degree, heat capillary percolation pipe (1), make it shrink, be tightly placed on perforate screwed pipe, obtained.
It is characterized in that draw ratio when processing capillary percolation pipe (1) is 2-4 times.
It is characterized in that the heating-up temperature of capillary percolation pipe (1) lower than its melt initiation temperature degree 5 DEG C-10 DEG C.
A preparation method for anticlogging infiltration micro irrigation pipe, comprises the following steps:
Preparation has the slight irrigation material of capillary percolation function: adopt twin-screw mixer comminutor or reciprocating singe screw mixing granulator machine, adopt the multistage material feeding process of three grades or level Four, the draw ratio of mixing granulator machine used is >=40: 1, exhaust outlet is provided with in every grade of charge door downstream, the long helical pitch that charge door place uses lead angle to be greater than 25 degree, outer screw diameter and screw inner diameter are than the screwing element of dark screw channel being 1.6 ~ 1.9, first by whole plastics, auxiliary agent and 40% ~ 60% filler, expect that mouth adds from mixing granulator owner, when containing nano-particle material, all nano-particle materials should first all add by the first order, and then in the second level, the third level, fourth stage charge door, according to 40% ~ 20%, 30% ~ 0%, remaining filler adds by the ratio of 20% ~ 0% step by step, mixing granulator obtains the slight irrigation material with capillary percolation function,
Preparation capillary percolation pipe (1): by the obtained slight irrigation material tube extruding machine extruding pipe material with capillary percolation function, then this tubing inflation, stretching and sizing are processed into the capillary percolation pipe (1) with capillary water seepage function, draw ratio is 1-7 times;
The preparation of gel protective layers (4): first loose type non-woven fabrics welded or be stitched into pipe, again high-moisture-retention resin-oatmeal is sprinkling upon on non-woven fabrics, high-moisture-retention resin-oatmeal is made to fall in non-woven fabrics hole, after 10-30 minute Steam treatment, the imbibition of high-moisture-retention resin-oatmeal, be fixed in non-woven fabrics hole firmly, form gel protective layers (4);
Finally gel protective layers (4) is enclosed within capillary percolation pipe (1) outward, obtaining can anticlogging infiltration micro irrigation pipe.
When after pipeline water-filling; under the effect of water; crosslinked high-moisture-retention resin-oatmeal can expand further in loose non-woven fabrics; because the expansion multiple after the water suction of high-moisture-retention resin-oatmeal can up to hundred times; but the non-water-soluble plastic network be made up of non-woven fabrics is height tension; so gel protective layers can tightly be attached to there is capillary percolation function wall of inner container on, form the close contact that capillary layer and gel layer are integrated.This close contact can improve osmotic effect further, and the high-moisture-retention resin-oatmeal simultaneously expanded also can be outwardly, forms the gel protective layers with soil particle good contact.
Compared to other water saving micro irrigation tubing, the technical program brings following beneficial effect:
(1) simple process, performance of anti-blockage and other combination property superior
Compared with existing hole creating technology (pore-forming that foams, waste old are pulverized and be filled to hole, wood powder or fiber-filled pore-forming, bundling capillary pipe, porous media etc.), the present invention adopts inorganic ultrafine powder (such as calcium carbonate powder) to be dispersed in plastics body, by the countless micropores of certain technique self-assembling formation.Inorganic ultrafine powder used, the synthesis technique of such as precipitated calcium carbonate, nano-calcium carbonate etc. is very ripe, and quite effective to the control of particle diameter and domain size distribution, product has been widely used in the fields such as papermaking, coating, modifying plastics.And the particle diameter of these inorganic ultrafine powders and domain size distribution are the bases determining bore size and Size Distribution.The technology of the present invention is all than existing patented technology technique relative ease, use hole creating technology of the present invention, penetrating passage automatically generates, the efficiency generating infiltration hole is higher, more effective to the control of pore-size and Size Distribution, countless continuous pores run through the surface of whole irrigation container, properties of product are more superior, so can at the wetting body of Zinc fractions continuous uniform, irrigate evenly, laying the region of the infiltrating irrigation container prepared by the present invention, its uniformity of irrigation water appilcation generally can reach more than 95%, improve irrigation efficiency, add output, cost is lower simultaneously, the market competitiveness is higher.
Because penetrating passage of the present invention is made up of the imperceptible pore of countless continuous print, evenly through the surface of whole irrigation tubing, pore size is far smaller than the crumb structure of soil; It is irrigated the speed of water seepage and water yield and depends on the demand of plant completely and balanced, there is not bulk water, by original for soil granule and capillary structure destruction, can not can not form thinner mud; Simultaneously because oozing out of irrigation water in the present invention does not need pressure, so there is not the mud back suction because pressure oscillation causes, so can not cause physical clogging; In addition, the present invention adopts a kind of composite structural design, turn increases a kind of block-resistant protection layer of new thought outside capillary percolation layer.This protective layer has dosed high water-retaining resin in loose non-woven fabrics skeleton, utilizes the characteristic of high water-retaining resin imbibition to form fine and close seamless gel protective layers, and changing original simple capillary percolation is that the compound of capillary percolation and gel is permeated.Gel layer is the hydrogel of a kind of " seamless ", also can not be blocked by root system of plant so it both can not have been blocked by soil particle; Because gel layer protection makes irrigation tubing of the present invention always keep moisture state, so there is not the electroless Ni-P-C-O plating because dry fouling causes; It is a kind of plane contact that simple capillary percolation element wall contacts with soil, and changes gel protective layers contact into, be then a kind of three-dimensional contact, increase the contact area of irrigation component and soil.So the ability that resistance against physical blocking of the present invention, chemical resistance blocking and anti-root system of plant block, far away higher than other scheme any.In addition, the thermoplastic that the present invention uses is added with antiseptic, so antibiont plugging performance is also very outstanding.Infiltration micro irrigation pipe prepared by comprehensive above the present invention has outstanding comprehensive anti-blockage capability.Capillary penetration micro irrigation pipe of the present invention also can add the agent of against murine evil as required, so the present invention possesses against murine evil ability.
(2) reduce operation, decrease pollution, raise the efficiency, reduce costs, benefit is obvious
The present invention does not use any " interleaving agent ", " surfactant ", surface modification treatment need not be carried out to filler, do not need increase water by the operation of part surface activating agent extracting yet, decrease operation, decrease pollution, reduce the cost of raw material and process costs, reduce labour intensity, improve work situation, improve production efficiency.In addition, for ensureing that irrigation component has necessary mechanical strength, the filling proportion of the filler that prior art uses is lower.Patent ZL200710071720.7 filler and plastic substrate be 30: 100 (the filling percentage of filler is 23.1%) the most at high proportion; Patent application 200910071769.1 filler and plastic substrate be 60: 100 (the filling percentage of filler is 37.5%) the most at high proportion.And the ratio of the filler that the technical program is added and plastics can up to 300: 100 (the filling percentage of filler be 75%), if market polyvinyl resin, ultra-fine filling material price are by 12000 yuan/ton, 2000 yuan/ton at present, the filler increasing by 37.5% ~ 51.9% can reduce the cost of raw material 3750 yuan/ton ~ 5190 yuan/ton.Even if do not consider that the cost of raw material owing to not using interleaving agent or surfactant to bring reduces, do not consider the reduction of production cost brought due to heating mixed processes need not be increased, only increase filler one and can reduce the cost of raw material and reach 45.5% ~ 53.6%.Economic benefit is fairly obvious.
(3) three-dimensional network capillary infiltration structure forms unique self adaptation Penetration Signature
This infiltration slight irrigation tubing has a kind of aggregate be piled into by countless hydrophilic inorganic filler particle and is evenly distributed on by the structure in the continuous plasticity network that not hydrophilic thermoplastic is formed.Not hydrophilic thermoplastic forms a continuous 3 D stereo plasticity network, provides the mechanical and physical performance of infiltration micro irrigation pipe.Hydrophilic inorganic filler particle pile up wherein in plastic network, form a continuous 3 D stereo capillary penetrating passage, provide the Penetration Signature that infiltration micro irrigation pipe is fabulous, the hydrogen bond that minor amount of water is formed strengthens the combination between this inorganic particulate, makes it to be run off by oozing out of water.The infiltration micro irrigation pipe with this structure is embedded in underground; permeate filling inorganic particle that is abundant on slight irrigation tube wall and that give prominence to outside or contact with soil particle and mix; form complete capillary percolation system; or be closely linked with gel protective layers; contacted with soil by gel layer, form complete capillary/gel compound osmotic system.When the flow of water of soil is lower, the water in tubing can ooze out outside pipe along these capillary channels, or enter soil automatically, or enters soil by gel protective layers, realizes irrigating.Along with the carrying out of the process of irrigation, the water content of soil constantly increases, until " flow of water " of infiltration micro irrigation pipe inside is identical with " flow of water " of soil, irrigates and terminates.Now, water, both soil water beinthebalancestate in infiltration micro irrigation pipe, infiltration micro irrigation pipe internal water is no longer to exosmosis.If add plant in this equilibrium state, the root system epidermis of plant is made up of a kind of pellicle, when the demand of plant growth makes " flow of water " of root system of plant inside be less than " flow of water " of soil, the soil water through the pellicle on root system surface to root system of plant internal penetration, enter in plant, make " flow of water " in plant to increase, until meet the demand of plant, plant no longer absorbs water, and infiltration micro irrigation pipe also no longer outwards supplies (oozing) water.Now, beinthebalancestate between water, the soil water, plant three in infiltration micro irrigation pipe, under the effect of the cohesive force entered between the osmotic pressure of the moisture in plant at root system of plant, hydrone and plant capillary passage, moisture is very fast to rise along plant trunk, simultaneously under plant transpiration pulling force, in plant, moisture arrives all positions needing moisture to grow.Along with the growth of plant, the transpiration of moisture in plant, " flow of water " of inside plants declines, in plant, capillary soil water, " flow of water " balance between infiltration micro irrigation pipe internal water three be destroyed, water in soil again maceration enters in plant, and the water in infiltration micro irrigation pipe supplements to soil again.So, go round and begin again, without stop.Owing to being always among a kind of dynamic equilibrium between moisture, capillary soil water, infiltration micro irrigation pipe internal water three in plant, constitute a kind of really economize on water most " unpowered, self adaptation, lasting, balanced infiltration slight irrigation system ".
(4) stretching scheme improves infiltration effect
Present invention employs stretching technique scheme.In order to observe the impact stretching and produce material, ESEM is used to observe the permeable membrane sample not stretching and stretch.The photo of these ESEMs shows the different-effect stretched with not stretching really.Surface and profile scanning electromicroscopic photograph that the surface scan electromicroscopic photograph that Fig. 4 is non-drawn samples, Fig. 5 are non-drawn samples, never the photo of drawn samples is visible, the sample interior do not stretched has had the penetrating passage be made up of the calcium carbonate granule gap of piling up in a large number, but these passages some do not get through, this is completely closed from the non-drawn samples surface of Fig. 4, Fig. 5, there is not hole and just can find out.Surface and profile scanning electromicroscopic photograph that the surface scan electromicroscopic photograph that Fig. 6 is drawn samples, Fig. 7 are drawn samples.From the photo of drawn samples, the sample interior stretched has the penetrating passage be made up of the calcium carbonate granule gap of piling up in a large number and more enriches through, some particle is squeezed out surface, and this exists a large amount of hole from the drawn samples surface of Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and just can find out.Stretch the extent of exfoliation not only exacerbated between filler and macromolecule matrix, the most important thing is to stretch and cause matrix to create strong squeezing action to filler, this extruding makes the filler in the difference interval being wrapped in matrix during melt-processed occur to reset displacement, it is through that this displacement delivers that weak part that extraneous pulling force makes filler break through the interval matrix of parcel forms between filler, and gap through between hydrophilic filler is the key forming penetrating passage.This gap will be far longer than the gap that prior art is formed due to interleaving agent or surfactant migration, and this gap is made up of hydrophilic granules completely, its water permeability is far superior to the particle with interleaving agent (oil substances) or surfactant process in existing scheme.From scientific common sense, surfactant is a kind of end group by oleophylic and hydrophilic end group material, when processing hydrophilic inorganic filler with it, hydrophilic one end is combined with filler, the other end of oleophylic outwards forms oil-wetted surface and is combined with macromolecule matrix, make filler and macromolecule matrix become an organic whole, just can have good mechanical property.Extensively adopt this processing method in plastic processing modification field, to realize the strong bonded between filler and macromolecule matrix, improve the bulk strength of material.But occur the field of micropore permeation in hope, this firmly combination is not hoped, so the use of surfactant is disadvantageous to generation micropore.In other words, surfactant is used instead to make pore-forming efficiency reduce.
(5) water saving, energy-conservation, cost saving
Use Microirrigation belt of the present invention can run under condition with no pressure, but always have certain potential energy so run under lower pressure often in practical matter due to water source, the operating pressure of douche generally only has 1 ~ 4 meter water column pressure, generally only provides by limit, field water head tank.As long as have water in water head tank, long-term unpowered uninterrupted automatic irrigation just can be realized, so energy consumption is few.Simultaneously because infiltration slight irrigation element is embedded in underground, both avoided as surface irrigation owing to cruelly leaking the ageing failure causing irrigation component under sunshine for a long time, do not hinder again ground field management farming, the required labour that pours water is less, so both saved the expense that infiltrating irrigation element frequently changes, in turn saved the operating cost of regular maintenance.
Existing all buried irrigations all belong to pressure or gravity irrigation, and that is, when not having human intervention, irrigation water will regardless of plant whether demand, flow to always anhydrous till.But infiltrating irrigation of the present invention is the sub-irrigation mode of a kind of " adaptive mode ", and in water-pouring process, not only upper soll layer keeps dry, between strain and surface evaporation reduce, and unlikely generation surface runoff and deep percolation, so infiltrating irrigation water is economized most.Infiltrating irrigation generally than surface irrigation water-saving 50% ~ 70%, than sprinkling irrigation water-saving 15% ~ 20%, than drip irrigation economize 10%.Avoid a large amount of expenses using computer and electromechanical meters to realize needed for Automated condtrol simultaneously.
(6) be unfavorable for weed growth, reduce disease and pest, improve crop yield
The present invention is the sub-irrigation of a kind of " adaptive mode ", can by fertilizer with medicament (if necessary) with water, be input near crop root according to the demand of plant self, make crop root soil often keep suitable moisture and nutrient, not only economize on water but also save fertilizer and medicament.Because infiltrating irrigation power comes from capillary percolation, do not produce bulk water, so can not the crumb structure and causing of spoiled soil harden, make soil always be in rarefaction, ventilation is good.Meanwhile, the present invention can make the humidity of soil surface and plant leaf surface reduce to minimum.According to surveying and determination, in booth infiltrating irrigation comparatively irrigate through furrow air humidity reduce by 28.5%., thus weeds not easily multiply growth, and the generation of sick worm, mushroom etc. also greatly reduces, and to preventing, root rot etc. is also very favourable, and particularly booth work is all the more so.Crops are at this moisture, and in air and the superior environment of nutrient, can be luxuriant grow, improves output.Compare with surface irrigation, corn growth rate is 18.4% ~ 36.1%; Wheat growth rate is 12.3% ~ 38.3%; Grape, vegetable increase production rate can reach 21% ~ 55%, and visible infiltrating irrigation effect of increasing production is very significant.