CN103370814A - 锂离子电芯、锂离子蓄电池以及带有锂离子蓄电池的机动车辆 - Google Patents
锂离子电芯、锂离子蓄电池以及带有锂离子蓄电池的机动车辆 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有导电箔和集电极的锂离子电芯。用于所述锂离子电芯的负电极的导电箔(15)由铝箔(16)构成，其在两侧被金属涂层(17)覆盖，并且用于负电极的集电极(10)由铝工件(14)构成，其至少部分被金属涂层(13)覆盖。所述导电箔(15)和集电极(10)的金属涂层(17、13)由铜或镍构成。此外本发明还涉及一种锂离子蓄电池和一种带有锂离子蓄电池的机动车辆。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锂离子电芯、一种带有至少两个锂离子电芯的锂离子蓄电池以及一种带有用于驱动机动车辆的电驱动马达和与电驱动马达连接或可连接的锂离子蓄电池的机动车辆。
背景技术
锂离子电芯具有至少一个正电极和一个负电极(阴极和阳极)，其可以可逆地嵌入(存储)或再次脱嵌(释放)锂离子(Li+)。术语锂离子电芯、锂离子聚合物电芯、锂离子电芯、锂离子电池、锂离子蓄电池和锂离子电池系统很大程度上作为同义词使用。
特别是在汽车领域中对锂离子蓄电池在单位重量能量密度(单位是Wh/kg)方面的要求很高，以例如实现由电动马达驱动的机动车辆尽可能大的有效行程范围。锂离子电芯的额定电容量由所谓的活性材料，例如在正电极中锂化的过渡金属氧化物、诸如锂镍氧化物(LiNiO2)和负电极中的石墨或碳来确定。但是在每个锂离子电芯内还有所谓的“非活性材料”或“惰性材料(Todmaterial)”，其因此影响锂电芯的能量密度。其中包括例如导电材料、电极粘合剂、分隔件、导电箔、集电极、端子和电芯外壳或蓄电池外壳。
导电箔用于电地接触和连接正电极和负电极，其中借助于集电极实现与端子的接触。
例如在US 20080107961A1中描述了带有导电体、集电极和外端子的锂离子电芯的结构。
通常在锂离子电芯中用于正电极侧使用基于铝的导电箔、集电极和端子。在负电极侧使用铜、镍或镍化铜，这是因为在负电极侧使用铝时，可能由于给定电势导致锂和铝的熔合。
在锂离子电芯中使用铜或镍作为非活性材料导致生产成本增大。为此引入一种非活性材料，其与铝相比具有更大的晶体密度。这样铝具有2.7g/m3的密度，铜以及镍具有8.9g/m3的密度。因此在锂离子蓄电池中使用铜或镍作为材料对单位重量能力密度有不利影响。
发明内容
依据本发明提供一种减小重量的锂离子电芯，其用于负电极侧具有基于铝的导电箔和基于铝的集电极，其中所述导电箔和集电极在两侧或至少部分地设有金属涂层，该涂层阻止导电箔和集电极在锂离子电芯运行时与锂离子熔合。所述金属涂层由铜或由镍构成。
优选地，在制造依据本发明的导电箔时，并非由常见的用于正电极侧的、由铝构成的导电箔开始，而是使用更薄的铝箔，从而在两侧分别涂有铜或镍的涂层后还保持有大约12μm的一般厚度，其中优选地还要为导电箔的边缘进行涂层。例如所述铜涂层分别可以是1μm厚，使得铝芯的厚度为10μm。其他大小的涂层或导电箔的整体厚度当然也是可能的，其中位于外侧的涂层应尽可能薄。在箔厚度相同的条件下实现比在一般使用的铜箔的情况下更小的重量。
由铜或镍构成的金属涂层也可以只在由电极接触的区域内设置集电极。优选的是超出所述区域的涂层或完全对集电极进行涂层。
为简化生产过程，所述集电极完全由金属涂层包围。
优选地，在制造依据本发明的集电极时，并非由常见的用于正电极侧的、由铝构成的集电极开始，而是使用材料厚度更小的工件，这样只有在使用铜或镍涂层后才得到大约1-5mm的常见的厚度。
例如铜或镍涂层可以为5μm厚，而铝芯是1000μm。
其他尺寸的涂层或集电极的厚度当然也是可行的，其中所述金属涂层应可能薄。这样在所述集电极尺寸相同的情况下能够达到比现有技术更小的重量。
由此获得的集电极和导电箔有利地在体积相等的情况下比常规的基于铜或镍的构件的重量更小，从而得到具有更大能量密度且重量明显得到优化的锂离子电芯。
因此在锂离子电芯中，不仅可以用于正电极，而且用于负电极都可以利用铝的重量优势，并且同时能够避免由锂引起的熔合的缺陷。
通过在铝箔或铝工件之上涂覆薄的铜箔或涂层来批量生产用于依据本发明的锂离子电芯的导电箔和集电极。作为替换方案的是，也可以使用镍用于表面处理。
优选通过以下方式在铝箔上面涂覆由铜或镍构成的薄涂层：
a)电镀
b)滚压包层法或
c)离子射线涂层方法。
在所有这些方式中都需要确保涂覆的涂层没有瑕疵，这是因为否则会导致锂嵌入到集电极的铝芯内。
令人吃惊的是，用于负电极侧的重量减小的构件、进而依据本发明的锂离子电芯是长时间稳定的。此外，在最高60℃时、甚至在满载状态下，所述锂离子电芯显示出在长时间循环使用及储存时与带有由铜或镍构成的常规部件的参考电芯相同的电性能和一致的特性。
依据本发明的集电极的性能尤其让人惊讶，这是因为在储存或运行时由于电芯的电解质的不稳定性或由于残留的氟化氢(HF)铜涂层或镍涂层与铝工件的脱离原本被视为是不能排除的。这对锂离子电芯的电化学性能非常不利。
特别优选的是，锂离子电芯，其带有依据本发明的、通过离子射线涂层方法被表面处理的集电极，还带有借助于滚压包层法或离子射线涂层生产而成的导电箔，因为这些在上述对比试验中达到最好的结果。
本发明还涉及一种带有至少两个上述锂离子电芯的锂离子蓄电池以及一种带有用于驱动机动车辆的电驱动马达和与电驱动马达连接或可连接的锂离子蓄电池的机动车辆。
从属权利要求和说明书给出本发明的有利的改进方案。
附图说明
借助于附图及其描述进一步解释本发明的实施例。图示如下：
图1是用于依据本发明的锂离子电芯的负电极的集电极的立体图，其具有现有技术(US 20080107961 A1)的常见的空间结构方式，
图2是图1所示集电极的剖面侧视图，和
图3是用于依据本发明的锂离子电芯的负电极的导电箔的剖面侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于未示出的依据本发明的锂离子电芯的集电极10，其与端子11连接。所述端子11具有插口12。所述集电极10被由铜或镍构成的金属涂层13包围并具有由铝工件14构成的芯。为使结构看起来清楚，图2中示出集电极10的剖面图，其中所述铝工件14由所述金属层13覆盖，其为优化重量而与铝工件14相比非常薄。图3示出所述导电箔15的结构。所述导电箔15具有铝箔16构成的芯，而所述铝箔16在两侧都由金属涂层17覆盖。所述金属涂层17，和图1及2所示的集电极的金属涂层13一样，阻止所述铝箔16在所述锂离子电芯运行时熔合。所述涂层17由铜或镍构成。由于通过依据本发明的导电箔15能得到重量优化的导电箔15，所以要相应地计算所述铝箔16和两个涂层17的尺寸，也就是所述涂层17实施为尽可能薄。
Claims (7)
1.一种锂离子电芯，具有导电箔和集电极，其特征在于，用于所述锂离子电芯的负电极的导电箔(15)由铝箔(16)构成，所述铝箔在两侧或完全被由铜或镍构成的金属涂层(17)覆盖，并且用于负电极的集电极(10)由铝工件(14)构成，所述铝工件至少在与所述锂离子电芯的负电极的接触区域内被由铜或镍构成的金属涂层(13)覆盖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锂离子电芯，其特征在于，所述集电极(10)完全由金属涂层(13)覆盖。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的锂离子电芯，其特征在于，所述导电箔(15)和/或集电极(10)的金属涂层(13、17)是通过电镀法涂覆的。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的锂离子电芯，其特征在于，所述导电箔(15)和/或集电极(10)的金属涂层(13、17)是通过滚压包层法涂覆的。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的锂离子电芯，其特征在于，所述导电箔(15)和/或集电极(10)的金属涂层(13、17)是借助于离子射线涂层方法涂覆的。
6.一种锂离子蓄电池，带有至少两个依据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的锂离子电芯。
7.一种机动车辆，带有用于驱动机动车辆的电驱动马达和与电驱动马达连接或能连接的、依据权利要求6所述的锂离子蓄电池。
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| DE102010062873.5 | 2010-12-13 | ||
| DE102010062873A DE102010062873A1 (de) | 2010-12-13 | 2010-12-13 | Lithium-Ionen-Zelle, Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulator sowie Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Lithium-Ionen-Akkumulator |
| PCT/EP2011/070639 WO2012079921A1 (de) | 2010-12-13 | 2011-11-22 | Lithium-ionen-zelle, lithium-ionen-akkumulator sowie kraftfahrzeug mit einem lithium-ionen-akkumulator |
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| CN106985684A (zh) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-07-28 | 福特全球技术公司 | 用于减轻电气化车辆电池中的锂镀覆的闭环反馈控制 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB201502954D0 (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2015-04-08 | Element Six Technologies Ltd | Compound semiconductor device structures comprising polycrystalline CVD diamond |
| JP2022528786A (ja) * | 2019-04-17 | 2022-06-15 | ２５５５６６３ オンタリオ リミテッド | リチウム金属アノードアセンブリならびに装置およびその製造方法 |
| DE102019134634A1 (de) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-17 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Stromableitervorrichtung mit niedrigem elektrischen Widerstand und Lithium-Ionen-Batterie mit einer solchen Vorrichtung |
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| CN101383407A (zh) * | 2008-10-21 | 2009-03-11 | 谢志美 | 一种锂离子电池正极极耳材料及其制备方法 |
| KR20100127983A (ko) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-07 | 양점식 | 경량화된 2차전지용 음극집전체 |
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| US5518839A (en) * | 1995-04-12 | 1996-05-21 | Olsen; Ib I. | Current collector for solid electrochemical cell |
| JP2006324143A (ja) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 二次電池 |
| KR100823193B1 (ko) | 2006-11-02 | 2008-04-18 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 이차 전지 |
| JP5227620B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-13 | 2013-07-03 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの始動方法 |
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2010
- 2010-12-13 DE DE102010062873A patent/DE102010062873A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2011
- 2011-11-22 EP EP11788117.7A patent/EP2652818B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-11-22 WO PCT/EP2011/070639 patent/WO2012079921A1/de active Application Filing
- 2011-11-22 CN CN2011800594930A patent/CN103370814A/zh active Pending
- 2011-11-22 US US13/993,524 patent/US9276265B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-22 ES ES11788117.7T patent/ES2563807T3/es active Active
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| EP0690517A1 (en) * | 1994-05-30 | 1996-01-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | rechargeable lithium battery |
| CN200983380Y (zh) * | 2006-12-15 | 2007-11-28 | 埃梯梯科能（厦门）电子科技有限公司 | 一种化学电源电极 |
| CN101383407A (zh) * | 2008-10-21 | 2009-03-11 | 谢志美 | 一种锂离子电池正极极耳材料及其制备方法 |
| KR20100127983A (ko) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-07 | 양점식 | 경량화된 2차전지용 음극집전체 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106985684A (zh) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-07-28 | 福特全球技术公司 | 用于减轻电气化车辆电池中的锂镀覆的闭环反馈控制 |
| US11173775B2 (en) | 2016-01-20 | 2021-11-16 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Closed loop feedback control to mitigate lithium plating in electrified vehicle battery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9276265B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 |
| EP2652818A1 (de) | 2013-10-23 |
| EP2652818B1 (de) | 2016-01-27 |
| WO2012079921A1 (de) | 2012-06-21 |
| ES2563807T3 (es) | 2016-03-16 |
| US20140011072A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
| DE102010062873A1 (de) | 2012-06-14 |
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