CN103366495A - Air-breathing high-sensitivity smoke particle detector and application thereof - Google Patents
Air-breathing high-sensitivity smoke particle detector and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air-breathing high-sensitivity smoke particle detector and application thereof. The air-breathing high-sensitivity smoke particle detector and application thereof are characterized in that the smoke particle detector is arranged at the tail end of an air pumping pipeline in the monitored area, an air sample is drawn by the air pumping pipeline in a drive mode and filtered, and the smoke particles with the grain diameters of not more than 20 microns in the air sample drawn in the drive mode and filtered are tested through the detector according to a laser particle scattering method. According to the air-breathing high-sensitivity smoke particle detector and application thereof, infinitesimal smoke particles can be detected, and fire characteristic parameters can be effectively detected in the ultra early stage of fire; interferences of passive waiting and delaying and air motion of a protected area are overcome, and the influence on detecting precision due to smoke particle concentration dilution is eliminated; by high-sensitive composite monitoring on the fire characteristic parameters of smoke particle concentration, temperature and carbon monoxide gas in the air sample, the defect that smoke particles are monitored in a single mode through an existing air-breathing high-sensitivity smoke particle detecting system can be overcome, and therefore false alarm rate is effectively lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fire detector and detection method, more particularly especially a kind of have relatively high expectations a kind of super early fire detection method in place of the cleanliness factors such as communications equipment room, pulpit and chip manufacturing workshop that is applied in.
Background technology
Detection is by some early stage characteristic parameters and the monitoring of phenomenon fire being broken out, judging in time, exactly the generation of fire and send warning.For effectively suppressing the generation of fire, the loss of reduce the disaster in communications equipment room, pulpit and the places high to demand for security such as clean room of making chip, requires fire is surpassed early warning.
Fire detection technology is to measure the smokescope of fire and the physical characteristics of temperature in essence, and traditional sense cigarette, temperature-sensing fire detecting technology play an important role in detection, and perfect at development.Smoke particle, temperature and carbon monoxide are three key character parameters that fire occurs, at the initial stage that fire occurs, comprise extremely early stage because the rough burning of comburant has had appreciable CO gas to produce; The Pintsch process of comburant can discharge the smoke particle particle, and their appearance all wants Zao than flame and high temperature.The smoke detector technology is exactly by detecting the content of smoke particle in the air, providing fire early warning signal.And uncertain factor (dust, steam and thermal source etc.) all will have on the detection of these parameters obvious impact in different incendiary materials, burning condition and a lot of surrounding environment, seriously reduce the reliability to the fire judgement of conventional fire detector, caused easily the wrong report of fire detector.
The point type that is widely used at present or line style sense cigarette, heat fire detector are passive working method, can't overcome the impact of the unfavorable factors such as thermal boundary effect of top, the small and room of smog thermal effect.And early stage at fire, the rate of propagation of cigarette is slower, could arrive detector through certain hour; Simultaneously, because smog is constantly diluted in diffusion process, common smoke detector can't satisfy the requirement that super early fire detection is reported to the police than muting sensitivity.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for avoiding the existing weak point of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of air suction type high sensitivity smoke particle detector and application thereof are provided, by in early days smoke particle being carried out highly sensitive accurate detection, in order to can judge in early days in conjunction with the carrying out of temperature and gas, overcome the deficiency of the existing single monitoring smoke particle of air suction type fire detecting system, effectively reduce false alarm rate.
The present invention is that the technical solution problem adopts following technical scheme:
The characteristics of air suction type high sensitivity smoke particle detector of the present invention are: described smoke particle detector arrangement is at the end of the pump-line of area to be monitored, initiatively extract and the filtered air sample by pump-line, utilize described detector to adopt the laser particle scattering method that the smoke particle that particle diameter in active extraction and the filtered air sample is not more than 20 μ m is detected, obtain detection signal.
The characteristics of air suction type high sensitivity smoke particle detector of the present invention also are:
The infrared laser of the wavelength that described smoke particle detector sends take lasing light emitter as 850nm, power as 5mW be as measuring beam, and the light-receiving direction of the direction of described measuring beam and the optical receiver that is made of photo-sensitive cell all is on the mutually perpendicular axis with the air current flow direction that is imported by air admission hole; Described measuring beam is adjusted to a branch of directional light by beam expanding lens and collimating and correcting unit, the particle diameter that occurs to produce in early days owing to fire that is collected in the detection cavity is not more than the smoke particle of 20 μ m for described measuring beam generation ir scattering light, described ir scattering light converges to photo-sensitive cell by condenser, forms the current detection signal that is linear proportional relation with scattered light intensity in optical receiver; Be provided with the delustring chamber under detection cavity, described delustring chamber is used for that measuring beam is carried out delustring processes, the cone of center, bottom, delustring chamber measuring beam is scattered and the light absorbent of direct projection in the delustring chamber on.
The structure of described optical receiver is set to: described photo-sensitive cell is to adopt two ends without the silicon photocell of bias voltage, two silicon photocells are arranged in position in the detecting chamber symmetry, are the current detection signal of linear proportional relation by described silicon photocell output and scattered light intensity.
Current detection signal for described silicon photocell arranges low noise amplifier circuit; Described low noise amplifier circuit is to adopt the optical pressure formula amplifying circuit that adds phase compensation electric capacity, phase compensation capacitor C
fBe connected in parallel in the backfeed loop of described low noise amplifier circuit.
The characteristics of the highly sensitive fire detector of active inspiration formula of the present invention are: an aspirating air pipe is set, inlet end from described aspirating air pipe sets gradually filtering module, the temperature sensing module, CO gas detecting module and asepwirator pump, endpiece at described asepwirator pump arranges the smoke particle detector, imports filtered air sample with described asepwirator pump to described smoke particle detector; One data processing module is set, and described data processing module carries out the signal processing for the detectable signal from described temperature sensing module, CO gas detecting module and smoke particle detector and judges, realizes fire alarm.
The characteristics of the highly sensitive fire detector of active inspiration formula of the present invention also are: described detectable signal from temperature sensing module, CO gas detecting module and smoke particle detector comprises: smoke particle concentration value s, smoke particle concentration added value ds, temperature value t, the continuous rising value dt of temperature, carbonomonoxide concentration value g, carbonomonoxide concentration increment dg.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
1, the present invention is by being arranged in the pump-line active extracting air sample of area to be monitored, in detecting chamber, adopt the laser particle scattering method that the smoke particle in the air sample is detected, effectively overcome the time-delay of passive wait and the interference of protected location Air Flow, eliminated the impact of smoke particle concentration dilution on detection accuracy; The situation that can reflect truly the monitor area fire;
2, the structure setting of detector can guarantee in air sample without in the smoke particle situation among the present invention, laser absorbs through repeatedly reflection quilt light absorbent in the delustring chamber, prevent that laser reflection from returning measuring chamber to the impact of photo-sensitive cell, assurance enters in the situation about existing without smoke particle in the air sample of measuring chamber, laser can not be scattered, photo-sensitive cell does not receive scattered light, does not have scattered light signal to be received by the receiver;
3, the present invention utilizes detector to collect because the early stage a small amount of trickle smoke particle that produces fire breaks out, and produces ir scattering laser, and this scattered light converges to photoelectric sensor by condenser.In the finite concentration scope, smoke particle concentration in the sample air is higher, scattering power to laser is stronger, photoelectric sensor also will receive stronger scattered light signal, in time produce the current signal of corresponding size, its output electrical signals and scattered light intensity are linear, greatly are conducive to follow-up signal and process;
4, the present invention arranges low noise amplifier circuit, and the system that guaranteed can detect the microsize smoke particle of extremely low concentration in the sample air.Adopt silicon photocell to detect the light signal of smoke particle scattering in the detecting chamber, fundamentally eliminated the impact of dark current on signal at the photoelectric cell two ends without the design of bias voltage.By arrange the laser of two photoelectric cells detection smoke particle particles scattering in the position of detecting chamber symmetry, reduced the noise of photoelectric switching circuit, strengthened the input of light signal, improved system sensitivity;
5, the present invention has adopted the optical pressure formula amplifying circuit that adds phase compensation electric capacity, phase compensation capacitor C in low noise amplifier circuit
fBe connected in parallel on the backfeed loop.The phase compensation capacitor C
fIntroducing, for amplifying circuit exists
The place introduces the phase margin of a limit and 45 °; Overcome the frequency f in noise gain and open-loop gain intersection
2The signal oscillating that may occur.
6, utilize air suction type high sensitivity smoke particle detector of the present invention, further merge with the detection of temperature, gas, overcome the deficiency that has the single monitoring smoke particle of air suction type fire detecting system now by many information fusion, effectively reduce false alarm rate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the highly sensitive smoke particle concentration of air suction type of the present invention is surveyed optical detection cell structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 the present invention adds the amplifying circuit schematic diagram of phase compensation electric capacity;
Fig. 3 the present invention consists of the highly sensitive complex parameter fire detecting system of active inspiration formula structural representation;
Fig. 4 the present invention consists of the highly sensitive complex parameter detection of active inspiration formula main machine structure synoptic diagram;
Number in the figure: 1 lasing light emitter, 2 beam expanding lenss, 3 collimating and correcting unit, 4 outer fixed frames, 5 detection cavities, 6 photo-sensitive cells, 7 ventholes, 8 cones, 9 delustring chambeies, 10 signal processing circuits, 11 condensers, 12 air admission holes, 13 system hosts, 14 communication interfaces, 15 aspirating air pipes, 16 filtering modules, 17 temperature sensing modules, 18 CO gas detecting modules, 19 asepwirator pumps, 20 signal processing modules, 21 smoke particle detectors, the outlet of 22 gas exhaust ducts.
Embodiment
The structure of air suction type high sensitivity smoke particle detector is set in the present embodiment: the smoke particle detector arrangement is terminal at the pump-line of area to be monitored, initiatively extract and the filtered air sample by pump-line, utilize detector to adopt the laser particle scattering method that the smoke particle that particle diameter in active extraction and the filtered air sample is not more than 20 μ m is detected, obtain detection signal.At the super early stage of fire and early stage, the particle diameter major part of smoke particle particle concentrates on about 1 μ m, present embodiment is for air sample filtering bulky grain, because entering detector at bulky grain, the more energy of meeting forescatering, affect the related coefficient between probe value and the smoke particle concentration value, the result of detection of smoke particle concentration is caused interference.
Referring to Fig. 1, the infrared laser of the wavelength that the smoke particle detector sends take lasing light emitter 1 in the present embodiment as 850nm, power as 5mW be as measuring beam, and the light-receiving direction of the direction of measuring beam and the optical receiver that is made of photo-sensitive cell 6 all is on the mutually perpendicular axis with the air current flow direction that is imported by air admission hole 12; Measuring beam is adjusted to a branch of directional light by beam expanding lens 2 and collimating and correcting unit 3, the particle diameter that occurs to produce in early days owing to fire that is collected in the detection cavity 5 is not more than the smoke particle of 20 μ m for measuring beam generation ir scattering light, ir scattering light converges to photo-sensitive cell 6 by condenser 11, forms the current detection signal that is linear proportional relation with scattered light intensity in optical receiver; Be provided with delustring chamber 9 under detection cavity 5, delustring chamber 9 is used for that measuring beam is carried out delustring processes, the cone 8 of center, 9 bottoms, delustring chamber measuring beam is scattered and the light absorbent of direct projection in the delustring chamber on.The relation that a certain size particle is inversely proportional to the biquadratic of scattering of light ability and wavelength, for the smoke particle particle of 0.001-20 μ m, the green laser about the 550nm wavelength will be optimum selection greatly.But the light source of green laser is by high-power infrared light and laser diode-pumped generation, its conversion efficiency is lower, also be unfavorable for the work of lasting stability, in order to guarantee Systems balanth, it is 850nm that present embodiment adopts wavelength, power be the infrared laser of infrared laser of 5mW as light source, described light source is produced by infra-red laser diode, low in energy consumption, stable performance.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the structure of optical receiver is set in the present embodiment: photo-sensitive cell 6 is to adopt two ends without the silicon photocell of bias voltage, two silicon photocells are arranged in position in detecting chamber 5 symmetries, are the current detection signal of linear proportional relation by silicon photocell output and scattered light intensity.
Fig. 2 illustrates, and for the current detection signal of described silicon photocell low noise amplifier circuit is set; Described low noise amplifier circuit is to adopt the optical pressure formula amplifying circuit that adds phase compensation electric capacity, phase compensation capacitor C
fBe connected in parallel on the backfeed loop.
The phase compensation capacitor C
fFor:
The signal amplification circuit that smoke particle concentration is surveyed is based on the design of optical pressure formula measuring method, because photoelectric cell without bias voltage, has been eliminated the impact of dark current noise on signal, so that faint photosignal also can be detected; The voltage of circuit output and intensity of illumination are linear relations.Aspect accuracy, owing to need to amplify faint useful signal, the performance of amplifier is had higher requirement.Select bias current to be not more than 10pA, offset voltage is not more than 20 μ V, and voltage noise density is
Cmos amplifier be fit to photoelectric conversion amplifier.(this part is finely tuned)
Low noise amplifier circuit shown in Figure 2 has negative feedback, its phase compensation capacitor C
fBe connected in parallel on the backfeed loop, realize thus phase differential compensation, strengthen amplifying circuit stability, effectively reduce noise gain.
Because amplifying circuit input equivalent capacity C
iExistence, there is a zero frequency f in amplifying circuit
1,
Equivalent capacity C
fEquiva lent impedance Z
f=R
f// (1/sC
f), so that amplifying circuit exists
The place introduces the phase margin of a limit and 45 °; Overcome thus the frequency f in noise gain and open-loop gain intersection
2The signal oscillating that may occur,
F wherein
uUnit gain frequency for amplifying circuit; The phase compensation capacitor C
f, value is 1-4.7pF.
Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, in the present embodiment smoke particle detector is applied to the highly sensitive fire detector of active inspiration formula, construction system main frame 13, its version is: an aspirating air pipe 15 is set, the inlet end of Self inhaling pipeline 15 sets gradually filtering module 16, temperature sensing module 17, CO gas detecting module 18 and asepwirator pump 19, endpiece at asepwirator pump 19 arranges smoke particle detector 21, flue gas is discharged in gas exhaust duct outlet 22, imports filtered air sample with asepwirator pump 19 to the smoke particle detector; One data processing module 20 is set, data processing module 20 carries out the signal processing for the detectable signal from temperature sensing module 17, CO gas detecting module 18 and smoke particle detector 21 and judges, realize fire alarm, can and by with communication interface 14 data being synchronized to other network-termination device.
Utilize in the filtering module 16 filtering air samples big dust particle greater than 20 μ m in the present embodiment, reduced to a great extent the smoke particle particle and in aspiration pump, piled up the work efficiency of pump and the impact in serviceable life, alleviated smoke particle sniffer inside is polluted.Reduce bulky grain smoke particle concentration is surveyed the error that produces, false alert reduction.
Implementation is to carry out air sampling by the sampled point on the pipe network that is distributed in whole surveyed area, and the fire characteristic amount in the sample air that collects will be mixed accumulation, and by the highly sensitive fire detector output of active inspiration formula detectable signal.Adopt detector highly sensitive and can multi-point sampling effectively to solve smoke particle, CO gas and in the flow expansion process, dilute impact on the warning accuracy.
In the implementation, detectable signal comprises: smoke particle concentration value s, smoke particle concentration added value ds, temperature value t, the continuous rising value dt of temperature, carbonomonoxide concentration value g, carbonomonoxide concentration increment dg.
Judgment mode is exemplified below:
Be that concentration value g is 0 o'clock at carbon monoxide, can judge that when any one satisfies in the following condition fire occurs: condition 1:ds〉5 and dt 3;
Condition 2:ds〉10;
42 ℃ of condition 3:t 〉=temperature threshold;
Condition 4:s 〉=smoke particle concentration threshold (40%).
Condition 1 is for naked light, because the smoke particle of naked light is less, the photodetection unit is not too responsive to this, but naked light can cause temperature that obvious rising is arranged, and therefore rises in temperature, and then can think when a small amount of smoke particle is arranged might breaking out of fire.Condition 2 is for early stage smoldering fire, when detecting smoke particle obvious rising is arranged, just thinks breaking out of fire; Condition 3 and condition 4 are to adopt the threshold decision algorithm, and temperature threshold is made as 42 ℃, and the smoke particle threshold value is made as 40%.
The condition that carbon monoxide is unusual be following thrin:
Condition 1: carbonomonoxide concentration value g〉50;
Condition 2: carbonomonoxide concentration increment dg〉50;
Condition 3: carbonomonoxide concentration increment dg〉10, and temperature increment dt 1.
Claims (6)
1. air suction type high sensitivity smoke particle detector, it is characterized in that: described smoke particle detector arrangement is at the end of the pump-line of area to be monitored, initiatively extract and the filtered air sample by pump-line, utilize described detector to adopt the laser particle scattering method that the smoke particle that particle diameter in active extraction and the filtered air sample is not more than 20 μ m is detected, obtain detection signal.
2. air suction type high sensitivity smoke particle detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the infrared laser of the wavelength that described smoke particle detector sends take lasing light emitter (1) as 850nm, power as 5mW be as measuring beam, and the light-receiving direction of the direction of described measuring beam and the optical receiver that is made of photo-sensitive cell (6) all is on the mutually perpendicular axis with air current flow direction by air admission hole (12) importing; Described measuring beam is adjusted to a branch of directional light by beam expanding lens (2) and collimating and correcting unit (3), the particle diameter that occurs to produce in early days owing to fire that is collected in the detection cavity (5) is not more than the smoke particle of 20 μ m for described measuring beam generation ir scattering light, described ir scattering light converges to photo-sensitive cell (6) by condenser (11), forms the current detection signal that is linear proportional relation with scattered light intensity in optical receiver; Under detection cavity (5), be provided with delustring chamber (9), described delustring chamber (9) is used for that measuring beam is carried out delustring processes, the cone (8) of center, delustring chamber (9) bottom measuring beam is scattered and the light absorbent of direct projection in the delustring chamber on.
3. air suction type high sensitivity smoke particle detector according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the structure of described optical receiver is set to: described photo-sensitive cell (6) is to adopt two ends without the silicon photocell of bias voltage, arrange two silicon photocells in the position that detecting chamber (5) is symmetrical, be the current detection signal of linear proportional relation by described silicon photocell output and scattered light intensity.
4. air suction type high sensitivity smoke particle detector according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the current detection signal for described silicon photocell arranges low noise amplifier circuit; Described low noise amplifier circuit is to adopt the optical pressure formula amplifying circuit that adds phase compensation electric capacity, phase compensation capacitor C
fBe connected in parallel in the backfeed loop of described low noise amplifier circuit.
5. highly sensitive fire detector of active inspiration formula, it is characterized in that: an aspirating air pipe (15) is set, inlet end from described aspirating air pipe (15) sets gradually filtering module (16), temperature sensing module (17), CO gas detecting module (18) and asepwirator pump (19), endpiece at described asepwirator pump (19) arranges smoke particle detector claimed in claim 1 (21), imports filtered air sample with described asepwirator pump (19) to described smoke particle detector; One data processing module (20) is set, described data processing module (20) carries out the signal processing for the detectable signal from described temperature sensing module (17), CO gas detecting module (18) and smoke particle detector (21) and judges, realizes fire alarm.
6. the highly sensitive fire detector of active inspiration formula according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described detectable signal from temperature sensing module (17), CO gas detecting module (18) and smoke particle detector (21) comprises: smoke particle concentration value s, smoke particle concentration added value ds, temperature value t, the continuous rising value dt of temperature, carbonomonoxide concentration value g, carbonomonoxide concentration increment dg.
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