CN104200606A - Point-shaped light scattering type smoke detector without optical labyrinth, and signal processing method - Google Patents
Point-shaped light scattering type smoke detector without optical labyrinth, and signal processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104200606A CN104200606A CN201410344735.6A CN201410344735A CN104200606A CN 104200606 A CN104200606 A CN 104200606A CN 201410344735 A CN201410344735 A CN 201410344735A CN 104200606 A CN104200606 A CN 104200606A
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
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Abstract
The invention discloses a point-shaped light scattering type smoke detector without an optical labyrinth, and a signal processing method. The point-shaped light scattering type smoke detector without the optical labyrinth comprises a photoelectric smoke detection part, a detection chamber (C), a filter screen (I), a signal processing unit (E), a housing (F), an alarm horn (G) and an indication lamp (H). According to the novel idea of the point-shaped light scattering type smoke detector without the optical labyrinth disclosed by the invention, the obstructions of smoke grains entering and exiting the detector are reduced, thus the flowing of smoke entering and exiting the chamber is smooth, and high response sensitivity and real-time performance are achieved. The function of the optical labyrinth structure is preventing an external environment light from entering the detection chamber, for this, the invention discloses a analysis and processing method for a signal containing functions of an environment light, a smoke and the like by virtue of an amplitude modulation and demodulation principle, provides an theoretical basis for the point-shaped light scattering type smoke detector without the labyrinth, and also provides a novel thought and research direction for research on improvement for the response sensitivity of the detector.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a type light scattering formula smoke detector technical field, relate to the some type light scattering formula smoke detector without optics labyrinth, also relate to a kind of amplitude modulation(PAM) demodulation principle of utilizing to carry out the method for analyzing and processing without signal in labyrinth point type light scattering formula smoke detector.
Background technology
Smoke particle is one of early stage of paramount importance characteristic parameter of fire, and some type light scattering formula smoke detector is automatic fire detection-alarm field output maximum and the most widely used fire detector, and domestic and international Building Fire Protection has been played to vital role.But this fire detector obviously exists the problems such as detector response time is long, sensitivity is low, therefore, the response performance that improves some type light scattering formula smoke detector is significant to the development of fire detection technology.
Existing some type light scattering formula smoke detector as shown in Figure 1, its principle of work is that Fire Smoke follows certain air-flow to enter detection chamber through optics labyrinth and screen pack, in chamber, luminotron sends infrared light by smoke particle scattering, the received pipe perception of scattered light is converted to the electric signal corresponding with smokescope, in conjunction with probe algorithm, provide fire alarm information.This structure must be used the interference of optics labyrinth shielding external environment light to smog scattered light, but having hindered smog, optics labyrinth enters air current flow and the diffusion of surveying chamber, smokescope in chamber obviously lags behind and lower than outside chamber, cause detection alarm time delay, have a strong impact on detector sensitivity and real-time.Therefore, the present invention proposes to remove the new thought in optics labyrinth in some type light scattering formula smoke detector, makes detector can sense in time fast environment fire hazard aerosol fog.
Remove the labyrinth structure of some type light scattering formula smoke detector, the problem of bringing is that external environment light enters detection chamber to smog scattered light generation interference, for this problem, the present invention proposes a kind of signal processing method of considering the effect of external environment light and obtaining smokescope, for the thought of removing detector labyrinth structure provides theoretical foundation.This light scattering formula smoke detector without optics labyrinth structure can reduce detector response time, improves response performance, can in time, promptly detect the generation of fire.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to propose a kind of new thought without optics labyrinth point type light scattering formula smoke detector, and provide a kind of and process for signal in this smoke detector the new method that obtains smokescope, solve optics labyrinth in existing Point type optical smoke detector and cause the turnover of fire hazard aerosol fog particle to survey the problems such as cavity speed is slow, detector response time is long, real-time is poor, sensitivity is low, a kind of novel spot-type photoelectric smoke detector of research and development.
The object technical scheme that realizes the present invention is as follows: a kind of some type light scattering formula smoke detector without optics labyrinth, comprises photoelectric smoke part, surveys chamber, screen pack, signal processing unit, shell, alarming horn and pilot lamp; It is indoor that photoelectric smoke part, screen pack and signal processing unit are positioned at detection cavity; Survey chamber by body seal; Screen pack is distributed in air intake opening and the gas outlet of surveying chamber, and the effect of screen pack is mainly to stop foreign matter to enter detection chamber; Described photoelectric smoke part comprises infraluminescence pipe and infrared receiving tube, plays respectively the effect that transmits and receives infrared light, the angled θ ' of infraluminescence pipe and infrared receiving tube; In the time having smoke particle to enter, due to the scattering process of smoke particle, infrared receiving tube receives the ir scattering light that infraluminescence pipe sends, i.e. smokescope signal, according to the scattered light intensity receiving, is differentiated whether breaking out of fire through signal processing unit; Report to the police as breaking out of fire, make alarming horn and pilot lamp work.
Further, described foreign matter is small worm and bulky grain thing.
Further, be that without the fundamental difference of labyrinth point type light scattering formula smoke detector and now widely used Point type optical smoke detector its detection cavity body periphery does not have optics labyrinth structure, external environment light can enter detection chamber.
Further, to avoid surround lighting to inject detection chamber without one of design philosophy of labyrinth point type light scattering formula smoke detector as far as possible, the position of suitable angle θ ' and infraluminescence pipe and infrared receiving tube is set, makes the direct projection that infrared receiving tube cannot reception environment light.
Further, without the infrared light frequency of infraluminescence pipe transmitting in the some type light scattering formula smoke detector in optics labyrinth much larger than external environment light frequency in most cases.
In addition, the invention provides a kind of signal processing method that solves ambient light interference, the some type light scattering formula smoke detector without optics labyrinth of the method based on above-mentioned, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) without the step of the design of optics labyrinth detector and the indoor signal of detection cavity
The effect in the optics labyrinth of detector is to hinder external environment light to enter detection chamber, therefore will reduce the interference of surround lighting to one of design philosophy without optics labyrinth smoke detector as far as possible, can avoid the direct projection of surround lighting to receiving tube, and the reach of try one's best minimizing and smoke particle;
So, in signal analysis, need to consider that surround lighting is by the impact of smog scattering, the signal that luminotron sends, fire enters and surveys the smoke signal of chamber while generation, and total reception signal of obtaining of receiving tube;
(2) relation between signal and the step of principle in definite detection chamber
Suppose that the signal that in note detector, luminotron sends is y
send out(t), smoke signal is y
cigarette(t), the reception signal y of receiving tube
Σ(t), external environment light signal is g (t), wherein, luminotron signal y is set
send out(t) the parameter such as frequency, phase place, smoke signal and light signal interact, and can allow the relation table between them to be shown:
Y
Σ(t)=K
1y
send out(t) y
cigarette(t)+K
2g (t) y
cigarette(t)
Wherein K
1, K
2for modulation circuit related coefficient, can see as and utilize the signal of luminotron to carry out amplitude modulation process to smoke signal surveying chamber between signal interactively from above formula, amplitude modulation(PAM) is the amplitude of being removed to control high frequency carrier by modulation signal, the process that its rule by modulation signal is changed, modulation signal u
Ω(t) be the message signale that need to carry out transmission, carrier wave u
c(t) the periodicity oscillator signal for being modulated, carrier angular frequency
cΩ, modulated signal is designated as u
aM(t), demodulation is the process that extracts modulation signal the modulated signal from accepting, and is the inverse process of modulation;
Wherein, using luminotron signal as carrier wave, make y
send out(t)=u
c(t)=U
cmcos ω
ct, smoke signal is as modulation signal, and the function that it is made up of multiple frequencies, according to Fourier expansion formula, can be designated as continuous smoke signal
receive signal and be modulated signal, it is carried out to demodulation and just can obtain required smoke signal, g ' (t) represents undesired signal and the smog agency parts such as external environment light, g ' (t)=K
2g (t) y
cigarette(t), therefore,
Wherein, luminotron signal is that high frequency carrier is posted in the amplitude that is loaded in smoke signal;
(3) y to received signal
Σ(t) step of sampling
By computing machine y to received signal
Σ(t) sample, sampling interval is T
s, N the data of at every turn sampling, obtain a discrete-time signal;
(4) step of spectrum analysis
Sampled signal is carried out to fast discrete Fourier transform (FFT), be transformed into frequency domain analysis;
(5), to signal digital filtering, eliminate the step of Noise and Interference
The Noise and Interference that utilizes Hi-pass filter method filtering low frequency position, retains its HFS, namely the part of smoke signal and luminotron signal function;
(6) demodulation obtains smokescope, analyzes the step that judges whether breaking out of fire
After the undesired signals such as filtering environmental light, only contained smoke signal agency part, utilize envelope detector or the processing of coherent demodulation mode to obtain the size of upper smokescope of each time period, through digital-to-analogue (D/A), conversion just can obtain the continuous distribution curve of smokescope, differentiate algorithm by fire again, analyze and judge whether breaking out of fire.
The present invention's advantage is compared with prior art:
Existing Point type optical smoke detector contains optics labyrinth structure, and when fire occurs, smog enters that to survey chamber slow, causes lag time long, the problem such as real-time is poor.The present invention proposes the new thought without the some type light scattering formula smoke detector in optics labyrinth, has reduced the obstruction of smoke particle turnover detector, greatly shortens the response time.The function of optics labyrinth structure hinders exactly external environment light and enters detection chamber, the present invention utilizes amplitude modulation(PAM) and demodulation principle for this reason, a kind of signal analysis treating method that contains the effect such as surround lighting, smog is proposed, for the some type light scattering formula smoke detector without labyrinth provides a kind of theoretical foundation, also for the research that improves explorer response sensitivity provides a kind of new thinking and research direction.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is existing some type light scattering formula smoke detector structural representation, and wherein Fig. 1 (a) is top cross-sectional view; Fig. 1 (b) is side sectional view; In figure, A and B photoelectric smoke part, C are that to survey chamber, D be that screen pack, E with optics labyrinth is that signal processing unit, F are that shell, G are that alarming horn, H are pilot lamp;
Fig. 2 is that wherein Fig. 2 (a) is top cross-sectional view without the basic structure schematic diagram of the some type light scattering formula smoke detector in optics labyrinth; Fig. 2 (b) is side sectional view; In figure, I is the screen pack of not being with labyrinth;
Fig. 3 is the detection cavity indoor actuating signal schematic diagram of the present invention without labyrinth point type light scattering formula smoke detector;
Fig. 4 is relevant schematic diagram, wherein Fig. 4 (a) amplitude modulation(PAM) model of signal processing method of the present invention; Modulation signal, carrier wave and the modulated signal waveform of Fig. 4 (b) single-frequency; Fig. 4 (c) is the frequency spectrum of each signal in Fig. 4 (b); The frequency spectrum of acknowledge(ment) signal after Fig. 4 (d) smoke signal and filtering.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment.
Without the some type light scattering formula smoke detector in optics labyrinth, basic structure as shown in Figure 2, comprises photoelectric smoke part, surveys cavity C, screen pack I, signal processing unit E, shell F, alarming horn G and pilot lamp H etc.Photoelectric smoke part, screen pack I and signal processing unit E are positioned at and survey cavity C; Surveying cavity C is sealed by shell F; Screen pack I is distributed in and surveys air intake opening and the gas outlet of cavity C, the effect of screen pack be mainly stop small worm and bulky grain thing enter detection cavity C; Described photoelectric smoke part comprises infraluminescence pipe A and infrared receiving tube B, plays respectively the effect that transmits and receives infrared light, infraluminescence pipe A and the angled θ ' of infrared receiving tube B; In the time having smoke particle to enter, due to the scattering process of smoke particle, infrared receiving tube B receives the ir scattering light that infraluminescence pipe A sends, i.e. smokescope signal, according to the scattered light intensity receiving, is differentiated whether breaking out of fire through signal processing unit E; Report to the police as breaking out of fire, make alarming horn G and pilot lamp H work.
Wherein, be that without the fundamental difference of labyrinth point type light scattering formula smoke detector and now widely used Point type optical smoke detector its detection cavity body periphery does not have optics labyrinth structure, external environment light can enter detection cavity C.
Wherein, to avoid surround lighting to inject detection chamber without one of design philosophy of labyrinth point type light scattering formula smoke detector as far as possible, the position of suitable angle θ ' and infraluminescence pipe A and infrared receiving tube B is set, makes the direct projection that infrared receiving tube B cannot reception environment light.
Wherein, without the infrared light frequency of infraluminescence pipe A transmitting in the some type light scattering formula smoke detector in optics labyrinth much larger than external environment light frequency in most cases.
Without the some type light scattering formula smoke detector in optics labyrinth, can utilize based on detector and remove the signal processing method that contains the effects such as external environment light after optics labyrinth structure.Utilize amplitude modulation(PAM) demodulation principle to propose a kind of signal processing method that solves ambient light interference, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) without design philosophy and the indoor signal of detection cavity of optics labyrinth detector
The effect in the optics labyrinth of detector is to hinder external environment light to enter detection chamber, therefore we will reduce the interference of surround lighting as far as possible to one of design philosophy without optics labyrinth smoke detector, can avoid the direct projection of surround lighting to photo detector, and the reach of try one's best minimizing and smoke particle.
So we need to consider that surround lighting is by the impact of smog scattering in signal analysis, the signal that luminotron sends, fire enters and surveys the smoke signal of chamber while generation, and total reception signal of obtaining of receiving tube.
(2) determine and survey relation and the principle between signal in chamber
Suppose that the signal that we remember that in detector, luminotron sends is y
send out(t), smoke signal is y
cigarette(t), the reception signal y of receiving tube
Σ(t), external environment light signal is g (t), as shown in Figure 3.Wherein, we can arrange luminotron signal y
send out(t) the parameter such as frequency, phase place, smoke signal and light signal interact, and can allow the relation table between them to be shown:
Y
Σ(t)=K
1y
send out(t) y
cigarette(t)+K
2g (t) y
cigarette(t)
Wherein K
1, K
2for modulation circuit related coefficient.From above formula, we can see as and utilize the signal of luminotron to carry out amplitude modulation process to smoke signal surveying chamber between signal interactively.Amplitude modulation(PAM) is the amplitude of being removed to control high frequency carrier by modulation signal, the process that its rule by modulation signal is changed.General modulation signal u
Ω(t) be the message signale that need to carry out transmission, carrier wave u
c(t) the periodicity oscillator signal for being modulated, carrier angular frequency
cΩ, modulated signal is designated as u
aM(t), as shown in Figure 4.Demodulation is the process that extracts modulation signal the modulated signal from accepting, and is the inverse process of modulation.
Wherein, we,, using luminotron signal as carrier wave, make y
send out(t)=u
c(t)=U
cmcos ω
ct.Smoke signal is as modulation signal, and the function that it is made up of multiple frequencies, according to Fourier expansion formula, can be designated as continuous smoke signal
receive signal and be modulated signal, it is carried out to demodulation and just can obtain required smoke signal, g ' (t) represents undesired signal and the smog agency parts such as external environment light, g ' (t)=K
2g (t) y
cigarette(t).Therefore,
Wherein, luminotron signal is that high frequency carrier is posted in the amplitude that is loaded in smoke signal, receives the envelope of amplitude change identical with the Changing Pattern of smoke signal, illustrates that modulation signal has been posted in the amplitude that is loaded in modulated signal.In addition, surround lighting is belonged to signal g ' (t) by smoke signal modulating part, in general can their frequency very little.The frequencies omega of the luminotron signal that we arrange
cwill be much larger than the frequency of the undesired signals such as smoke signal and external environment light.
(3) y to received signal
Σ(t) sample
We are by computing machine y to received signal
Σ(t) sample, sampling interval is T
s, N the data of at every turn sampling, obtain a discrete-time signal.Because smoke signal and surround lighting all have random character, so detection receives signal y
Σ(t) sample sequence is also a kind of random signal, and the sampled value of front and back has certain correlativity.
(4) spectrum analysis
Sampled signal is carried out to fast discrete Fourier transform (FFT), be transformed into frequency domain analysis.According to the principle of amplitude modulation(PAM), after luminotron signal and smoke signal interact, from y
Σ(t) in expression formula, can find out that frequency component contains ω
c± Ω
1, ω
c± Ω
2... (ω
c± Ω
max), y
Σ(t) also comprise some very frequencies of circlet border light action, the frequency spectrum of smoke signal is moved high frequency position the right and left symmetry of luminotron signal by low frequency position, and shape and the structure of smoke signal frequency spectrum are constant.In actual fire occurs, smokescope size changes very slow in neighbouring sample interval, and the spectrum concentration of smoke signal is in the frequencies omega of luminotron signal so
cnear, the frequency spectrum that contains the undesired signals such as surround lighting is in low frequency position.
(5), to signal digital filtering, eliminate Noise and Interference
Because the undesired signals such as surround lighting in spectrum analysis are in low frequency position, much smaller than frequencies omega
c, can utilize the Noise and Interference of the method filtering low frequency positions such as Hi-pass filter, retain its HFS, namely the part of smoke signal and luminotron signal function.
(6) demodulation obtains smokescope, analyzes and judges whether breaking out of fire
After the undesired signals such as filtering environmental light, only contained smoke signal agency part, utilize envelope detector or the processing of coherent demodulation mode to obtain the size of upper smokescope of each time period.Through digital-to-analogue (D/A), conversion just can obtain the continuous distribution curve of smokescope.Differentiate algorithm by fire again, analyze and judge whether breaking out of fire.
Claims (6)
1. the some type light scattering formula smoke detector without optics labyrinth, it is characterized in that, comprise photoelectric smoke part, survey chamber (C), screen pack (I), signal processing unit (E), shell (F), alarming horn (G) and pilot lamp (H); Photoelectric smoke part, screen pack (I) and signal processing unit (E) are positioned at surveys chamber (C); Surveying chamber (C) is sealed by shell (F); Screen pack (I) is distributed in air intake opening and the gas outlet of surveying chamber (C), and the effect of screen pack is mainly to stop foreign matter to enter to survey chamber (C); Described photoelectric smoke part comprises infraluminescence pipe (A) and infrared receiving tube (B), plays respectively the effect that transmits and receives infrared light, infraluminescence pipe (A) and the angled θ ' of infrared receiving tube (B); In the time having smoke particle to enter, due to the scattering process of smoke particle, infrared receiving tube (B) receives the ir scattering light that infraluminescence pipe (A) sends, it is smokescope signal, according to the scattered light intensity receiving, differentiate whether breaking out of fire through signal processing unit (E); Report to the police as breaking out of fire, make alarming horn (G) and pilot lamp (H) work.
2. the some type light scattering formula smoke detector without optics labyrinth according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described foreign matter is small worm and bulky grain thing.
3. the some type light scattering formula smoke detector without optics labyrinth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be that without the fundamental difference of labyrinth point type light scattering formula smoke detector and now widely used Point type optical smoke detector its detection cavity body periphery does not have optics labyrinth structure, external environment light can enter surveys chamber (C).
4. the some type light scattering formula smoke detector without optics labyrinth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, to avoid surround lighting to inject detection chamber without one of design philosophy of labyrinth point type light scattering formula smoke detector as far as possible, the position of suitable angle θ ' and infraluminescence pipe (A) and infrared receiving tube (B) is set, makes the direct projection that infrared receiving tube (B) cannot reception environment light.
5. the some type light scattering formula smoke detector without optics labyrinth according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the infrared light frequency of infraluminescence pipe (A) transmitting is much larger than external environment light frequency in most cases.
6. solve a signal processing method for ambient light interference, the method, based on the some type light scattering formula smoke detector without optics labyrinth claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) without the step of the design of optics labyrinth detector and the indoor signal of detection cavity
The effect in detector optics labyrinth is to hinder external environment light to enter detection chamber, therefore will reduce the interference of surround lighting to one of design philosophy without optics labyrinth smoke detector as far as possible, can avoid the direct projection of surround lighting to receiving tube, and the reach of try one's best minimizing and smoke particle;
So, in signal analysis, need to consider that surround lighting is by the impact of smog scattering, the signal that luminotron sends, fire enters and surveys the smoke signal of chamber while generation, and total reception signal of obtaining of receiving tube;
(2) relation between signal and the step of principle in definite detection chamber
Suppose that the signal that in note detector, luminotron sends is y
send out(t), smoke signal is y
cigarette(t), the reception signal of receiving tube is y
Σ(t), external environment light signal is g (t), wherein, luminotron signal y is set
send out(t) the parameter such as frequency, phase place, smoke signal and light signal interact, and can allow the relation table between them to be shown:
Y
Σ(t)=K
1y
send out(t) y
cigarette(t)+K
2g (t) y
cigarette(t)
Wherein K
1, K
2for modulation circuit related coefficient, can see as and utilize the signal of luminotron to carry out amplitude modulation process to smoke signal surveying chamber between signal interactively from above formula, amplitude modulation(PAM) is the amplitude of being removed to control high frequency carrier by modulation signal, the process that its rule by modulation signal is changed, modulation signal u
Ω(t) be the message signale that need to carry out transmission, carrier wave u
c(t) the periodicity oscillator signal for being modulated, carrier angular frequency
cΩ, modulated signal is designated as u
aM(t), demodulation is the process that extracts modulation signal the modulated signal from accepting, and is the inverse process of modulation;
Wherein, using luminotron signal as carrier wave, make y
send out(t)=u
c(t)=U
cmcos ω
ct, smoke signal is as modulation signal, and the function that it is made up of multiple frequencies, according to Fourier expansion formula, can be designated as continuous smoke signal
receive signal and be modulated signal, it is carried out to demodulation and just can obtain required smoke signal, g ' (t) represents undesired signal and the smog agency parts such as external environment light, g ' (t)=K
2g (t) y
cigarette(t), therefore,
Wherein, luminotron signal is that high frequency carrier is posted in the amplitude that is loaded in smoke signal;
(3) y to received signal
Σ(t) step of sampling
By computing machine y to received signal
Σ(t) sample, sampling interval is T
s, N the data of at every turn sampling, obtain a discrete-time signal;
(4) step of spectrum analysis
Sampled signal is carried out to fast discrete Fourier transform (FFT), be transformed into frequency domain analysis;
(5), to signal digital filtering, eliminate the step of Noise and Interference
The Noise and Interference that utilizes Hi-pass filter method filtering low frequency position, retains its HFS, namely the part of smoke signal and luminotron signal function;
(6) demodulation obtains smokescope, analyzes the step that judges whether breaking out of fire
After the undesired signals such as filtering environmental light, only contained smoke signal agency part, utilize envelope detector or the processing of coherent demodulation mode to obtain the size of upper smokescope of each time period, through digital-to-analogue (D/A), conversion just can obtain the continuous distribution curve of smokescope, differentiate algorithm by fire again, analyze and judge whether breaking out of fire.
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