CN103362860A - High-speed hydrodynamic machine and composition method and assembly method of rotor of high-speed hydrodynamic machine - Google Patents
High-speed hydrodynamic machine and composition method and assembly method of rotor of high-speed hydrodynamic machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN103362860A CN103362860A CN201210104982XA CN201210104982A CN103362860A CN 103362860 A CN103362860 A CN 103362860A CN 201210104982X A CN201210104982X A CN 201210104982XA CN 201210104982 A CN201210104982 A CN 201210104982A CN 103362860 A CN103362860 A CN 103362860A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-speed hydrodynamic machine of which the rotating speed is above 6000rpm, particularly between 7000rpm and 20000rpm. The high-speed hydrodynamic machine comprises a driving motor and a rotor, wherein the rotor comprises a driving motor rotating shaft and rotating impellers acting on fluid; and the rotating impeller are directly mounted on the driving motor rotating shaft, connected in a keyless manner, positioned together with the driving motor rotating shaft in an interference manner through hot-pressing in a radial direction, and compressed and pushes against a radial flange of the rotating shaft by a locking structure in an axial direction. In addition, the invention further relates to a composition method and an assembly method of the rotor of the high-speed hydrodynamic machine with the rotating speed above 6000rpm. According to the machine, since the rotating impellers are directly mounted on the driving motor rotating shaft, the transmission efficiency is improved greatly, the rotor is simpler to dismount simultaneously, and the impellers and the rotating shaft are good in coaxiality and sealability, and low in vibration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rotor of high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine, especially a kind of rotating speed also relates to the assembly method of this rotor simultaneously at the rotor of the high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine more than the 6000rpm (such as the high Speed Centrifugal Compressor of rotating speed more than 10000rpm).
Background technique
Present high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine is the high speed centrifugation compressor of field of air conditioning especially, mostly by overdrive gear rotating speed is brought up to design speed, and impeller is rotated the incoming flow air work, thereby improves gas pressure.The compressor arrangement of this routine has the following disadvantages: (1) has increased the mechanical loss of compressor owing to the intermediate gear speedup box, thereby increases the compressor power consumption, affects unit performance; (2) existence of gear-box increases the form structure of compressor greatly, so that casing seems is huge, heavy, cost also increases thereupon; (3) because the rotating speed of centrifugal compressor is very high, and gear up process noise is very large, therefore the noise of conventional centrifuge is commonly about 93 decibels, so that it needs additionally to increase soundproof measures in engineering is used, causes engineering cost to increase; (4) the used motor of conventional centrifugal compressor is threephase asynchronous machine, and electric efficiency is up to about 94%, if want further to improve efficiency on motor, difficulty is very large; (5) frequency conversion of conventional centrifugal compressor belongs to slow-speed of revolution frequency conversion category, that is: increase the frequency variator mode at common threephase asynchronous machine, although this mode can improve part load performance with respect to deciding the frequency mode, but because the existence of gear drive, bring the mechanical transmission loss, apparent in view when sub load especially, so the part load performance room for promotion also is restricted.
For this reason, the present invention proposes impeller directly is assemblied on the motor shaft, with the problems referred to above of avoiding the intermediate gear speedup box to be brought, but can bring following problem thus:
1, because the part of motor shaft need to be installed impeller, therefore cause the cantilever segment of motor shaft long, so that the natural bow that is produced by deadweight increases, the rigidity of axle is affected;
2, directly driven by the High-speed Electric arbor owing to impeller, the installation requirement of impeller and motor shaft improves greatly, therefore select what kind of processing, mounting type just can make impeller and rotor keep high concentricity and running accuracy and high intensity in the High Rotation Speed process, vibration-generating and phenomenon of rupture are not extremely important;
3, under high rotating speed, how to guarantee that installation between impeller and the rotating shaft can reach simultaneously higher sealing effect to avoid impeller loss and interstage losses also very important.
And mostly realize being connected by key with rotating shaft in view of the easy accessibility impeller in the prior art, the machined surface quality of key junction surface is had relatively high expectations, simultaneously, discontinuity during work, stress occurring easily concentrates, we find by experiment, especially the high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of rotating speed more than 10000rpm, advocate to concentrate on key root and keyway root, the impeller bearing capacity is reduced, very easily fatigue failure of impeller when causing work, the load that can not withstand shocks, and key often occurs and pressed erosion, fracture, keyway is out of shape and rolls the key phenomenon, occurs thus producing between impeller and the rotating shaft eccentric, increase the situations such as additional energy imbalance, have a strong impact on the service behaviour of high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine, this phenomenon especially high-speed centrifugal compressor of rotating speed more than 10000rpm seems even more serious.
Can be found out by above-mentioned prior art how to provide a kind of efficient driving of can realizing to realize that again safe rotor is the technical problem that related domain needs to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, main purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a kind of rotating speed more than 6000rpm, especially the high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of rotating speed between 7000rpm～20000rpm, it comprises drive motor and rotor, rotor comprises the rotary blade of drive motor rotating shaft and convection cell acting, it is characterized in that: described rotary blade is directly installed in the rotating shaft of drive motor, and described rotary blade adopts without the key Placement, be positioned at drive motor rotating shaft interference by hot pressing mode diametrically, the structure that is locked on axially compresses and leans on a radial flange of rotating shaft.
Further, described rotary blade is multi-stage impeller, between this multi-stage impeller, be provided with positioning adapter, this positioning adapter is fixed in the rotating shaft of described motor by the interference orientation type on the one hand, forms between the impeller hub that its front and rear end is adjacent on the other hand and can transmit the second moment transfer surface that holds out against moment.
Further, described multi-stage impeller between the one-level impeller of front end and described locking mechanism, be formed with the first moment transfer surface, described multi-stage impeller between the impeller of rear end and described rotating shaft and radial flange thereof, be formed with the 3rd moment transfer surface.
Further, the described first and/or second moment transfer surface and/or the 3rd moment transfer surface have certain gradient, and be preferred, and the described gradient is between 7 degree are spent to 25; And/or described first and/or second moment transfer surface and/or the 3rd moment transfer surface have the convex-concave cooperating structure that increases the friction force effect.
Further, the front-end face of described positioning adapter forms the first axial ledge, and the inner peripheral surface of the wheel hub of the impeller that is adjacent is realized compression fit radially; Further preferred, the compression fit between the wheel hub of the impeller that described the first axial ledge is adjacent is interference fit; Further preferred, the ear end face of described positioning adapter forms the second axial ledge, and the inner peripheral surface of the wheel hub of the impeller that this second axial ledge is adjacent is Spielpassung; Further preferred, the outer peripheral surface of described positioning adapter is formed with to be beneficial to and improves fluid and enter the thereafter arc transition section that flows of impeller, tangent connection between the wheel hub of the impeller that this arc transition section is adjacent.
Further, described locking mechanism is to be arranged on the epitrochanterian distolateral locking nut of one-level impeller eye that is positioned at, and applies to described multi-stage impeller and positioning shaft sleeve by this locking nut and holds out against moment; Preferably, the outer surface of described locking nut air flow inlet side has the streamline shape suitable with the air-flow airintake direction, preferably, the outer peripheral surface of described locking nut is formed with and is beneficial to the arc transition section that fluid enters the acting of one-level impeller, tangent connection between the wheel hub of the one-level impeller that this arc transition section is adjacent; Further preferred, the outer surface of described locking nut air flow inlet side is arc surface; Further preferred, the front end of the outer surface of described locking nut air flow inlet side forms water conservancy diversion rib or the guiding gutter with certain guide functions.
Further, also be provided with the locating washer of increase power area of contact between described locking nut and the one-level impeller; Preferably, described locating washer is formed with axial slotting face and the moment transfer surface radially stretched, the described axial slotting inner peripheral surface of stretching the wheel hub of face and one-level impeller is combined together, described moment transfer surface one side radially acts on the ear end face of one-level impeller, opposite side acts on described locking nut and accepts and transmit the moment that holds out against that described locking nut applies, and forms described the first moment transfer surface between described locating washer and the one-level impeller.
Further, described each moment transfer surface utilizes the frictional force transmission between the acting surface, and friction factor is between 0.10～0.35, and is preferred, from locking nut more away from, moment transfer surface friction factor is larger; Preferably, described multi-stage impeller adopts aluminum alloy, and forged steel is adopted in described rotating shaft, and friction factor is 0.25.
Further, between described impeller and the rotating shaft, between impeller and the positioning adapter, the interference location amount of interference fit is 0.01～0.02mm between positioning adapter and the rotating shaft, the required gap of assembling is chosen by the H7/g6 of fit diameter after the heating, wherein the upper deviation of diameter is closed in the H7 assignment, the lower deviation of diameter is closed in the g6 assignment, and the interference fit diameter A between described impeller and positioning adapter, impeller and rotating shaft is all roughly between 30～60mm.
Further, described impeller is both stage impellers or greater than 2 grades multi-stage impeller, preferably this multi-stage impeller series aiding connection is installed in an end of drive motor rotating shaft.
Further, described high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine is the high-speed centrifugal compressor.
The present invention also provides the constructive method of the rotor of the high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of a kind of rotating speed more than 6000rpm, constructs its rotor according to the described rotor constituted mode of aforementioned schemes.
The present invention also further provides the assembly method of the rotor of the high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of a kind of rotating speed more than 6000rpm, its rotary blade is directly installed in the rotating shaft of drive motor, it is characterized in that: described rotary blade adopts without the key Placement, be positioned at the hot pressing mode interference between the drive motor rotating shaft diametrically, the structure that is locked in the axial direction compresses and leans on a radial flange of rotating shaft.
Further, described rotary blade is multi-stage impeller, described locking mechanism is installed in the one-level impeller front end of multi-stage impeller, be provided with positioning adapter between the multi-stage impeller, all form between impeller and the locking mechanism, between this positioning adapter impeller adjacent with its left and right sides and can transmit the moment transfer surface that holds out against moment, so that described multi-stage impeller can be pressed on the radial flange of described rotating shaft by the moment transfer surface under the effect that holds out against moment that locking mechanism applies vertically, preferably, described locking mechanism is locking nut.
Further, described multi-stage impeller, positioning adapter, locking mechanism are assemblied in the rotating shaft of rotor in the following way:
(1) presses linear expansivity and the location magnitude of interference of impeller material, in conjunction with the required gap of assembling, calculate to assemble temperature required;
(2) mode that adopts inverted order is by backward front assembling impeller: by heating plant impeller is at first heated, be heated to the temperature that step (1) is calculated, the insulation certain hour, then whether the fit diameter with the gage measuring impeller reaches matching requirements; After reaching the required gap of assembling, impeller is loaded in the described rotating shaft, implement afterwards the impeller cooling procedure, the impeller fit diameter is shunk gradually, contraction countershaft by impeller slowly applies impacting force, after impeller is cooled to normal temperature, realizes between impeller and the rotating shaft that interference is connected, impeller countershaft on whole circumference applies the power of pointing to the axle center thus, thereby is circumferentially compressed and be positioned in the rotating shaft;
(3) after impeller is cooled to normal temperature, at its front loaded positioning adapter, positioning adapter also with hot charging prescription formula by the interference location and installation in the rotating shaft with and rotating shaft between keep higher coaxality, the lining ear end face is matched, with the moment transfer surface between the impeller hub front-end face that guarantees lining ear end face and its rear end with the impeller hub front end of its rear end;
(4) with the previous stage impeller with the front end of hot charging prescription formula interference location and installation at positioning adapter, and the lining front-end face is contacted with the impeller hub front end of its front end, guarantee the cooperating of moment transfer surface between the impeller hub ear end face of lining front-end face and its front end;
Preferably, the front and back ends of described positioning adapter forms axial ledge, utilize the inner peripheral surface of the impeller hub that this axial ledge is adjacent to cooperate, further preferred, the positioning adapter impeller adjacent with the rear end cooperating diametrically adopted Spielpassung, with the impeller of its front end cooperating diametrically be interference fit;
(5) when multi-stage impeller be during greater than 2 grades, according to impeller and the positioning adapter of the installation remainder of step (2), (3), (4) described method order; When (6) being installed at last the one-level impeller, one-level impeller hub ear end face is withstood on the front-end face of positioning adapter of its rear end and hold out against torque with transmission, preferably, further between one-level impeller and locking nut the assembling and positioning pad to increase the power acting surface to impeller, when preventing that locking nut from applying impacting force to the impeller injury;
(7) lock by locking nut, and according to the moment that calculates, utilize torque spanner that nut is applied and hold out against moment, thereby make locking nut, locating washer, one-level impeller, positioning adapter, sencond stage impeller, secondary positioning adapter, until impeller holds out against successively on the radial flange of described machine shaft, realize connecting without key between the multi-stage impeller.
Further, described impeller is loaded on when being heated to 50～60 ℃ in the described rotating shaft, and the temperature range of described insulation is (50～60 ℃) ± 5 ℃, and holding time is about 30 minutes; Described positioning adapter is loaded on when being heated to 50～60 ℃ in the described rotating shaft, and the temperature range of described insulation is (70～80 ℃) ± 5 ℃, and holding time is about 30 minutes.
Further, between described impeller and the rotating shaft, between impeller and the positioning adapter, the interference location amount of interference fit is 0.01～0.02mm between positioning adapter and the rotating shaft, the required gap of assembling is chosen by the H7/g6 of fit diameter after the heating, wherein the upper deviation of diameter is closed in the H7 assignment, the lower deviation of diameter is closed in the g6 assignment, further preferred, the interference fit diameter A between described impeller and positioning adapter, impeller and rotating shaft is all roughly between 30～60mm.
Further, describedly hold out against torque and calculate as follows: T
Execute=0.2FD,
T wherein
ExecuteBe the torque that holds out against of required transmission, r
OutwardBe transmitting torque surface of contact outer radius, r
InBe transmitting torque surface of contact inside radius, μ is the friction factor between impeller and rotor, and F is applied force.
Further, described impeller, positioning adapter adopt aluminum alloy, and forged steel is adopted in rotating shaft.
Further, described high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine is the high-speed centrifugal compressor, and is preferred, and described high-speed centrifugal compressor is the straight connection type that impeller and drive motor rotating shaft are directly installed, described drive motor rotating shaft is cantilever type, and described impeller is installed in the cantilever end of drive motor rotating shaft.
The present invention is by being directly installed on rotary blade in the rotating shaft of drive motor, greatly improved transmission efficiency, and owing to connect without key, rotary blade is positioned at drive motor rotating shaft interference by hot pressing mode diametrically, the structure that is locked axially compresses and leans on the radial flange of rotating shaft, avoided since key be arranged so that rotor stressed key root and the keyway root of mainly concentrating on, the impeller bearing capacity is reduced, very easily fatigue failure of impeller during work, load can not withstand shocks, generating keys is pressed erosion, fracture, keyway distortion and roll the key phenomenon, produce eccentric between impeller and the rotating shaft, uneven, the generation of the phenomenons such as vibration, also make simultaneously rotor unloading process of the present invention relatively simple, the coaxality of impeller and rotating shaft is good, good airproof performance, vibrate little etc., also greatly reduce simultaneously since rotary blade is directly installed on the cantilever segment that causes motor shaft in the rotating shaft of drive motor long bring so that rotating shaft is increased the negative influence of bringing for the rigidity of axle by the natural bow that deadweight produces.
The first and/or second moment transfer surface and/or the 3rd moment transfer surface have the convex-concave cooperating structure that increases the friction force effect, and the efficient that moment is transmitted is higher, also can make to have each other better compression effect between the moment transfer surface.
The present invention makes lining not only have the function of axially locating to considering of lining, also has the guiding fluid and enters effect in the impeller that is adjacent with as far as possible little loss, has brought unforeseeable technique effect.
The present invention makes locking nut not only have conventional locking function to considering of locking nut also to have the guiding fluid and enter effect in the impeller with as far as possible little loss, brought unforeseeable technique effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the embodiment's of rotor of the present invention structural representation.
Fig. 2 a is the inlet stream effect schematic representation after the improvement of fastening nut of rotor of the present invention.
Fig. 2 b is the front inlet stream effect schematic representation of improvement of the fastening nut of rotor of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the present invention's assembling schematic representation embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention adopts moment transfer surface schematic representation embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the locking nut embodiment that the present invention adopts.
The corresponding component names of reference character in the accompanying drawing is:
Motor 1,
Rotor 2345, machine shaft 2, impeller 3, positioning adapter 4, locating washer 5, locking nut 6;
Radial flange 21 on the machine shaft, impeller hub 31;
The second moment transfer surface 304 between positioning adapter and the impeller;
The 3rd moment transfer surface 302 between the radial flange of impeller and axle;
The axial ledge 41,42 of positioning adapter;
Spielpassung face 321 between one-level impeller and the locating washer;
Interference locating face 322 between sencond stage impeller and the rotating shaft;
Interference locating face 341 between impeller and the positioning adapter;
Spielpassung face 342 between impeller and the positioning adapter;
Interference locating face 43 between positioning adapter and the rotating shaft;
The slotting face 51 of stretching of locating washer;
The first moment transfer surface 52 between one-level impeller and the locking mechanism;
The water conservancy diversion rib 61 of locking nut.
Embodiment
At first need to prove, the front end of the parts described in the present invention, front side, front, rear end, rear side, back are distinguished according to the air current flow direction, as shown in Figure 1, the airintake direction of setting air-flow is front end or front side or front, and the outflow direction of setting air-flow is rear end, rear side, back.
The specific embodiment of this part, preferred feature just preferred embodiment shall not be construed as the unique restriction to institute of the present invention mode of execution.
Embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-5 explanation the application high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine required for protection:
Advantage of the present invention is applicable high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine, especially rotating speed is more than 6000rpm, such as the high-speed centrifugal compressor of rotating speed between 7000rpm～20000rpm, the high-speed centrifugal compressor that present embodiment adopts R134a working medium take working medium is as preferred embodiment, and this working medium can better adapt to this operating range of the centrifugal compressor that freezes under this kind rotating speed.The high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of rotating speed will consider to have very high transmission efficiency on the one hand like this, to consider also that on the other hand impeller 3 and the installation of rotating shaft 2 have very high soundness and Security, especially to guarantee that impeller 3 and rotating shaft 2 keep higher coaxality in the High Rotation Speed process, also needing simultaneously to consider can be convenient for assembly, has lower technique cost, consider those factors, the following structure of the applicable above-mentioned high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of our special propositions:
It comprises drive motor and rotor 2345, rotor 2345 comprises the rotary blade 3 of drive motor rotating shaft 2 and convection cell acting, it is characterized in that: described rotary blade 3 is directly installed in the rotating shaft 2 of drive motor, and described rotary blade 3 is positioned at drive motor rotating shaft 2 interference by hot pressing mode diametrically, and the structure that is locked on axially compresses and leans on a radial flange 21 of rotating shaft 2.
Embodiment as shown in Figure 1, the Spielpassung face 321 between one-level impeller and the locating washer, the interference locating face 322 between sencond stage impeller and the rotating shaft.
The present invention is by being directly installed on rotary blade 3 in the rotating shaft 2 of drive motor, greatly improved transmission efficiency, and owing to connect without key, rotary blade 3 is positioned at drive motor rotating shaft 2 interference by hot pressing mode diametrically, the structure that is locked axially compresses and leans on the radial flange 21 of rotating shaft 2, avoided since key be arranged so that rotor stressed key root and the keyway root of mainly concentrating on, the impeller bearing capacity is reduced, very easily fatigue failure of impeller during work, load can not withstand shocks, generating keys is pressed erosion, fracture, keyway distortion and roll the key phenomenon, produce eccentric between impeller and the rotating shaft, uneven, the generation of the phenomenons such as vibration, also make simultaneously rotor unloading process of the present invention relatively simple, the coaxality of impeller and rotating shaft is good, good airproof performance, vibrate little etc., also greatly reduce simultaneously since rotary blade is directly installed on the cantilever segment that causes motor shaft in the rotating shaft of drive motor long bring so that rotating shaft is increased the negative influence of bringing for the rigidity of axle by the natural bow that deadweight produces.
When rotary blade 3 is multi-stage impeller 3 more than 2 grades or 2 grades, be installed in a drive motor rotating shaft one end as example take 2 grades of impeller 3 series aiding connections shown in Figure 1, between this multi-stage impeller 3, be provided with positioning adapter 4, this positioning adapter 4 is fixed in the rotating shaft 2 of described motor by the interference orientation type on the one hand, as shown in the figure the interference locating face 341 between impeller and the positioning adapter; Form between the impeller 3 that its front and rear end is adjacent on the other hand and can transmit the second moment transfer surface 304 that holds out against moment, for so that multi-stage impeller 3 can under the effect that holds out against moment that locking mechanism applies by positioning adapter 4 and and impeller 3 between the moment transfer surface can better be pressed on vertically on the radial flange 21 of rotating shaft 2, also be formed with the first moment transfer surface 52 between one-level impeller and the locking mechanism.For further improving transmission effect and impeller 3 more fastening the leaning on rotating shaft 2 flanges 21 that hold out against moment, as shown in Figure 1, formation can be transmitted the 3rd moment transfer surface 302 that holds out against moment between the rotating shaft 2 of the part of the wheel hub inner peripheral surface of impeller and its relevant position and the flange.
Above-mentioned each moment transfer surface relies on and holds out against the frictional force transmission that moment exerts oneself to produce between the square transfer function face and hold out against moment, preferably, friction factor when transmission holds out against moment is between 0.10～0.35, for improving the effect that holds out against from the impeller 3 of locking mechanism, from locking nut 6 more away from, suitable larger of the friction factor of moment transfer surface.Simultaneously, the selection of friction factor also will be considered material character, and the preferred multi-stage impeller of the application adopts aluminum alloy, and rotor adopts forged steel, and this moment, friction factor can be preferably 0.25.
Hold out against the transmission effect of moment and the degree of combining closely between the moment transfer surface for further improving, further preferred, the first and/or second moment transfer surface and/or the 3rd moment transfer surface have certain gradient, and be preferred, and this gradient is between 7 degree are spent to 25.Alternative or further preferred, the first and/or second moment transfer surface and/or the 3rd moment transfer surface have the convex-concave cooperating structure that increases the friction force effect, the efficient that moment is transmitted is higher, also can make to have each other better compression effect between the moment transfer surface.
For make between positioning adapter 4 and its Impeller 3 cooperate tightr, coaxality is higher, as shown in Figure 1, the present invention forms the first axial ledge 41 at the front-end face of positioning adapter 4, the inner peripheral surface of the wheel hub of the impeller 3 that is adjacent is realized compression fit radially; Convenient for erection, the compression fit between the wheel hub of the impeller 3 that this first axial ledge 41 is adjacent is interference fit; Further preferred, the ear end face of described positioning adapter 4 forms the second axial ledge 42, and the inner peripheral surface of the wheel hub of the impeller 3 that this second axial ledge is adjacent is Spielpassung, as shown in Figure 1, and Spielpassung face 342 between the two; Further preferred, the outer peripheral surface of described positioning adapter is formed with and is beneficial to the arc transition section that the refrigerant fluid enters the rear end impeller, tangent connection between the wheel hub of the impeller that this arc transition section is adjacent.The present invention considers the function that makes lining not only have axially locating to lining this, and also have the guiding fluid and enter effect in the impeller that is adjacent with as far as possible little loss, be to achieve many things at one stroke, brought unforeseeable technique effect.
Front side at multi-stage impeller 3 also is the front end of one-level impeller 3, locking mechanism is set, preferred locking mechanism is the locking nut 6 that is positioned at one-level impeller hub front end that is arranged on the rotor 2345, applies with positioning adapter 4 to described multi-stage impeller 3 by this locking nut 6 and holds out against moment.
Because the setting of locking nut 6 can affect flowing of impeller 3 inlet stream, locking nut 6 outer surfaces have the streamline shape suitable with the air-flow airintake direction; Preferably, the outer peripheral surface of locking nut is formed with and is beneficial to the arc transition section that fluid enters the one-level impeller, tangent connection between the wheel hub of the one-level impeller that this arc transition section is adjacent; Preferably, the outer surface of described locking nut 6 air flow inlet sides is arc surface; Preferably, the front end of the outer surface of described locking nut 6 air flow inlet sides forms water conservancy diversion rib with certain guide functions or guiding gutter so that charge air flow is more perfect, reduces flow losses.
Consider that simultaneously impeller 3 directly is installed to the direct connection structure of machine shaft 2, because direct connection construction rotor 2345 is long, for shortening as far as possible the length of machine shaft 2 cantilever segments, here the thread section before the locking nut 6 is shortened, but because thread section shortens, the mode that can not utilize screw thread by hydraulic tool rotor 2345 to be elongated locking nut 6 again as conventional centrifuge needs the extra frock of making that nut is applied required locking torque.
As the mobility status of charge air flow after Fig. 2 a direct connection centrifuge locking and the conventional centrifuge locking shown in Fig. 2 b afterwards the charge air flow mobility status contrast as seen, the application can improve locking nut 6 to the impact of inlet stream greatly on the improvement of locking nut 6, even can also realize certain guide functions when water conservancy diversion rib or guiding gutter are set on it.
The present invention considers locking nut this to be made locking nut not only have conventional locking function also to have the guiding fluid and enter effect in the impeller with as far as possible little loss, be to achieve many things at one stroke, brought unforeseeable technique effect.
When preventing applying impacting force by locking nut 6 to impeller 3 injuries, the application at one-level impeller 3 front assembling and positioning spacer blocks 5 to increase the power area of contact, preferably, location spacer block 5 is formed with axial slotting face 51 and the moment transfer surface radially stretched, the axial so slotting inner peripheral surface of stretching the wheel hub of face 51 and one-level impeller 3 is combined together, moment transfer surface one side radially acts on the ear end face of one-level impeller 3, and opposite side acts on described locking nut 6 and accepts and transmit the moment that holds out against that locking nut 6 applies.
For the said structure of high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine, its product structure is the application's object of protection still not, also is the application's object of protection according to the constructive method of the rotor 2345 of above-mentioned rotor 2345 constituted modes structure high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine.
For the rotor 2345 of above-mentioned high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine, the application proposes corresponding assembly method simultaneously, as shown in Figure 3:
(1) presses linear expansivity and the location magnitude of interference of impeller 3 materials, in conjunction with the required gap of assembling, calculate to assemble temperature required;
Preferably, the amount of the interference location between impeller 3 and the rotating shaft 2 is 0.01～0.02mm;
For realizing better coaxality, between impeller 3 and the rotating shaft 2, between impeller 3 and the positioning adapter 4, the interference location amount of interference fit can be located between 0.01～0.02mm between positioning adapter 4 and the rotating shaft 2;
The required gap of assembling is chosen by the H7/g6 of fit diameter A after the heating, and this gap is that their cooperation after adding thermal expansion of interference fit face becomes the gap of Spielpassung by interference fit, chooses this gap so that the assembling of part.That is: the gap that is interference fitted in after the heating between one-level impeller and positioning adapter, positioning adapter and rotating shaft, sencond stage impeller and rotating shaft is H7/g6.Fit diameter A refers to the diameter of fitting surface, the upper deviation of diameter is closed in the H7 assignment, the lower deviation of diameter is closed in the g6 assignment, the concrete way of determining required gap by fit diameter can be according to the common mechanical design handbook inquiry in related domain, as: the interference location of one-level impeller and positioning adapter, the fit diameter of supposing them is 50, the one-level impeller is after heating so, matching hole will increase, inquire about at mechanical design handbook, the deviation of 50 corresponding H7 is (0.025～0), and the g6 deviation of positioning adapter 50 correspondences is (0.009～-0.025), at heated condition, their cooperation is Spielpassung like this.
(2) adopt the mode of inverted order to locate dress impeller 3 in the interference mode before backward, the interference location and installation mode that the application adopts is to utilize the hot pressing mode of principle of expanding with heat and contracting with cold.
Concrete assembling impeller 3 methods are:
By heating plant impeller 32 is at first heated, be heated to the temperature that step (1) is calculated, preferably between 50～60 ℃, the insulation certain hour, can select general about 30 minutes, the temperature range of insulation is (50～60 ℃) ± 5 ℃, and then whether the fit diameter with the gage measuring impeller reaches matching requirements;
After reaching required fit up gap, impeller 3 is loaded on rotating shaft 2 and leans against on the flange of a rotating shaft, implement again impeller 3 cooling procedures, impeller 3 fit diameter are shunk gradually, contraction countershaft 2 by impeller 3 slowly applies impacting force, after impeller 3 is cooled to normal temperature, realize between impeller 3 and the rotating shaft 2 that interference is connected, one-level impeller shown in reference character 321 and the interference locating face 322 between the rotating shaft, impeller 3 countershaft 2 on whole circumference applies the power of pointing to the axle center thus, rotor 2345 is circumferentially compressed and is positioned in the rotating shaft 2, and thus so that keep higher concentricity between impeller 3 and the rotating shaft 2, running accuracy is very high.
(3) after impeller 3 is cooled to normal temperature, at its front loaded positioning adapter 4, positioning adapter 4 is also located by interference with hot charging prescription formula, one-level impeller shown in reference character 43 shown in 1 and the interference locating face 322 between the rotating shaft, be installed in the rotating shaft 2 with and 2 higher coaxalitys of maintenance of rotating shaft, make simultaneously the cooperation that contacts with the moment transfer surface of impeller 3 wheel hub front-end faces of lining ear end face, preferably, for guaranteeing the coaxality of impeller 3 and lining, the positioning adapter 4 of every grade of impeller 3 and its front end also adopts interference location, impeller as shown in Figure 1 and the interference locating face 341 between the positioning adapter on radial fit.
(4) with another impeller with the front end of hot charging prescription formula interference location and installation at positioning adapter, and the lining front-end face is contacted with the impeller hub ear end face of its front end, guarantee the cooperating of moment transfer surface between the impeller hub ear end face of lining front-end face and its front end;
Preferably, the front and back ends of described positioning adapter forms axial ledge, utilize the inner peripheral surface of the impeller hub that this axial ledge is adjacent to cooperate, further preferred, the positioning adapter impeller adjacent with the rear end cooperating diametrically adopted Spielpassung, with the impeller of its front end cooperating diametrically be interference fit;
(5) when multi-stage impeller 3 be 2 grades or during greater than 2 grades, according to impeller 3 and the positioning adapter 4 of the installation remainder of step (2), (3) described method order;
When (6) being installed at last one-level impeller 31, one-level impeller 31 wheel hub ear end faces are withstood on the front-end face of positioning adapter 4 of its rear end and hold out against torque with transmission, preferably, further between one-level impeller 3 and locking nut 6 assembling and positioning spacer block 5 with the power acting surface of increase to impeller 3, when preventing that locking nut 6 from applying impacting force to impeller 3 injuries;
The torque of (7) transmitting according to impeller 3, in conjunction with the frictional force formula, calculate required pressure and the moment that applies, lock by locking nut 6, and according to the moment that calculates, utilize torque spanner that nut is applied and hold out against moment, thereby make locking nut 6, location spacer block 5, one-level impeller 31, positioning adapter 4, sencond stage impeller 3, secondary positioning adapter 4 ... until impeller 32 held out against successively in connecting without key on the radial flange 21 of described machine shaft 2 and then between the realization multi-stage impeller 3.
By above operation, locking nut 6, location spacer block 5, one-level impeller 31, positioning adapter 4, impeller 32, reach at rotor 2345 and to combine closely, and on the rubbing surface of circumference, can both be subjected to the load of all directions, stressed even, the stress of therefore having avoided key connecting to occur is concentrated and additional energy imbalance.
As shown in Figure 4, step 6 is described holds out against torque and can calculate as follows: T
Execute=0.2FD,
Wherein T is the torque that holds out against of required transmission, and r is outward transmitting torque surface of contact outer radius, is transmitting torque surface of contact inside radius in the r, and μ is the friction factor between impeller and rotor, and F is applied force.Such as required transmitting torque be: 4028N m, impeller adopts aluminum alloy, and rotor adopts Duan Gang, gets friction factor 0.2, and the impeller outer radius is 67.5mm, and the impeller inside radius is 40mm, then required impacting force is 366699N.If the diameter of axle at institute locking nut 6 places is 40mm, then the required moment that applies is 2934Nm.(described N is unit of force newton, and m is length unit rice)
This shows because compressor saved gear speedup case, key and keyway, adopt simultaneously hot charging prescription formula and continuously Placement assemble, have the following advantages:
(1) because the rated efficiency of DC frequency-changing synchronous machine itself is high, and do not have again the geared machine loss, therefore improved the full load performance of centrifuge compressor;
(2) owing to there is not the gear mechanism transmission, the compressor operating noise is very low, generally at 70～80 decibels, than low about 10 decibels of conventional centrifuge, saves the sound arrester that arranges for noise reduction, cost saving in engineering is used;
(3) owing to there is not the overdrive gear structure, compressor contour structure size and weight reduce greatly, and overall structure is compacter, thereby also reduces the compressor cost;
(4) owing to do not have key and keyway arrangements, concentricity and running accuracy between compressor impeller and the rotating shaft increase greatly, and transmission of torque rubbing surface distribution of force is even, and whole manufacturing procedure reduces, thereby also reduce the manufacture cost of compressor;
(5) owing to adopt hot charging prescription formula and without the key Placement, can guarantee the concentricity of impeller, interstage bushing and rotor, improve running accuracy; So that the integral rigidity of rotating shaft is improved, the natural bow of cantilever segment is reduced, and guarantees that the high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine does not especially produce resonance during the high-speed centrifugal compressor operating, increases the service life greatly.
Need to prove at last:
Although describe in this article and illustrate various creative aspect of the present invention, concept and feature, implement in the exemplary embodiment them by combination, but can in many alternate embodiments, use aspect different embodiments various, concept and feature, individually or in the mode of various combinations and sub-portfolio thereof.Unless be explicitly excluded in this article outside, the combination that all are such and sub-portfolio intention all are within the scope of the invention.
In addition, although may describe in this article the various preferred implementations about various aspects of the present invention, concept and feature, but these descriptions are not the complete or detailed inventories of all mode of executions of the present invention, and these descriptions do not show that these features are essential, exclusiveness.The description of the application's illustrative methods or structure is not limited to comprise in all cases desired all features, unless clearly be set fourth as this situation.
Claims (20)
1. a rotating speed is more than 6000rpm, especially the high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of rotating speed between 7000rpm～20000rpm, it comprises drive motor and rotor, rotor comprises the rotary blade of drive motor rotating shaft and convection cell acting, it is characterized in that: described rotary blade is directly installed in the rotating shaft of drive motor, and described rotary blade adopts without the key Placement, be positioned at drive motor rotating shaft interference by hot pressing mode diametrically, the structure that is locked on axially compresses and leans on a radial flange of rotating shaft.
2. high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rotary blade is multi-stage impeller, between this multi-stage impeller, be provided with positioning adapter, this positioning adapter is fixed on the interference orientation type in the rotating shaft of described motor by hot pressing mode on the one hand, forms between the impeller hub that its front and rear end is adjacent on the other hand and can transmit the second moment transfer surface that holds out against moment.
3. high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described multi-stage impeller between the one-level impeller of front end and described locking mechanism, be formed with the first moment transfer surface, described multi-stage impeller between the impeller of rear end and described rotating shaft and radial flange thereof, be formed with the 3rd moment transfer surface.
4. high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the described first and/or second moment transfer surface and/or the 3rd moment transfer surface have certain gradient, and be preferred, the described gradient at 7 degree between 25 degree; And/or described first and/or second moment transfer surface and/or the 3rd moment transfer surface have the convex-concave cooperating structure that increases the friction force effect.
5. such as each described high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of claim 2-4, it is characterized in that: the front-end face of described positioning adapter forms the first axial ledge, and the inner peripheral surface of the wheel hub of the impeller that is adjacent is realized compression fit radially; Further preferred, the compression fit between the wheel hub of the impeller that described the first axial ledge is adjacent is interference fit; Further preferred, the ear end face of described positioning adapter forms the second axial ledge, and the inner peripheral surface of the wheel hub of the impeller that this second axial ledge is adjacent is Spielpassung; Further preferred, the outer peripheral surface of described positioning adapter is formed with to be beneficial to and improves fluid and enter the thereafter arc transition section that flows of impeller, tangent connection between the impeller hub that this arc transition section is adjacent.
6. such as each described high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: described locking mechanism is to be arranged on the epitrochanterian distolateral locking nut of one-level impeller eye that is positioned at, and applies to described multi-stage impeller and positioning shaft sleeve by this locking nut and holds out against moment; Preferably, the outer surface of described locking nut air flow inlet side has the streamline shape suitable with the air-flow airintake direction, preferably, the outer peripheral surface of described locking nut is formed with and is beneficial to the arc transition section that fluid enters the acting of one-level impeller, tangent connection between the wheel hub of the one-level impeller that this arc transition section is adjacent; Further preferred, the outer surface of described locking nut air flow inlet side is arc surface; Further preferred, the front end of the outer surface of described locking nut air flow inlet side forms water conservancy diversion rib or the guiding gutter with certain guide functions.
7. high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: the locating washer that also is provided with increase power area of contact between described locking nut and the one-level impeller; Preferably, described locating washer is formed with axial slotting face and the moment transfer surface radially stretched, the described axial slotting inner peripheral surface of stretching the wheel hub of face and one-level impeller is combined together, described moment transfer surface one side radially acts on the ear end face of one-level impeller, opposite side acts on described locking nut and accepts and transmit the moment that holds out against that described locking nut applies, and forms described the first moment transfer surface between described locating washer and the one-level impeller.
8. such as each described high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: described each moment transfer surface utilizes the frictional force transmission between the acting surface, and friction factor is between 0.10～0.35, and is preferred, from locking nut more away from, moment transfer surface friction factor is larger; Preferably, described multi-stage impeller adopts aluminum alloy, and forged steel is adopted in described rotating shaft, and friction factor is 0.25.
9. such as each described high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of claim 1-8, it is characterized in that: between described impeller and the rotating shaft, between impeller and the positioning adapter, the interference location amount of interference fit is 0.01～0.02mm between positioning adapter and the rotating shaft, the required gap of assembling is chosen by the H7/g6 of fit diameter after the heating, wherein the upper deviation of diameter is closed in the H7 assignment, the lower deviation of diameter is closed in the g6 assignment, and the interference fit diameter A between described impeller and positioning adapter, impeller and rotating shaft is all roughly between 30～60mm.
10. such as each described high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that: described impeller is both stage impellers or greater than 2 grades multi-stage impeller, preferably this multi-stage impeller series aiding connection is installed in an end of drive motor rotating shaft.
11. such as each described high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of claim 1-10, it is characterized in that: described high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine is the high-speed centrifugal compressor.
12. the constructive method of the rotor of the high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of a rotating speed more than 6000rpm is characterized in that: construct its rotor according to each described rotor constituted mode of claim 1-11.
13. the assembly method of the rotor of the high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine of a rotating speed more than 6000rpm, its rotary blade is directly installed in the rotating shaft of drive motor, it is characterized in that: described rotary blade adopts without the key Placement, be positioned at the hot pressing mode interference between the drive motor rotating shaft diametrically, the structure that is locked in the axial direction compresses and leans on a radial flange of rotating shaft.
14. assembly method as claimed in claim 13, it is characterized in that: described rotary blade is multi-stage impeller, described locking mechanism is installed in the one-level impeller front end of multi-stage impeller, be provided with positioning adapter between the multi-stage impeller, between impeller and the locking mechanism, all form between this positioning adapter impeller adjacent with its left and right sides and can transmit the moment transfer surface that holds out against moment, so that described multi-stage impeller can be pressed on the radial flange of described rotating shaft by the moment transfer surface under the effect that holds out against moment that locking mechanism applies vertically, preferably, described locking mechanism is locking nut.
15. assembly method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that: described multi-stage impeller, positioning adapter, locking mechanism are assemblied in the rotating shaft of rotor in the following way:
(1) presses linear expansivity and the location magnitude of interference of impeller material, in conjunction with the required gap of assembling, calculate to assemble temperature required;
(2) mode that adopts inverted order is by backward front assembling impeller: by heating plant impeller is at first heated, be heated to the temperature that step (1) is calculated, the insulation certain hour, then whether the fit diameter with the gage measuring impeller reaches matching requirements; After reaching the required gap of assembling, impeller is loaded in the described rotating shaft, implement afterwards the impeller cooling procedure, the impeller fit diameter is shunk gradually, contraction countershaft by impeller slowly applies impacting force, after impeller is cooled to normal temperature, realizes between impeller and the rotating shaft that interference is connected, impeller countershaft on whole circumference applies the power of pointing to the axle center thus, thereby is circumferentially compressed and be positioned in the rotating shaft;
(3) after impeller is cooled to normal temperature, at its front loaded positioning adapter, positioning adapter also with hot charging prescription formula by the interference location and installation in the rotating shaft with and rotating shaft between keep higher coaxality, the lining ear end face is matched, with the moment transfer surface between the impeller hub front-end face that guarantees lining ear end face and its rear end with the impeller hub front end of its rear end;
(4) with the previous stage impeller with the front end of hot charging prescription formula interference location and installation at positioning adapter, and the lining front-end face is contacted with the impeller hub front end of its front end, guarantee the cooperating of moment transfer surface between the impeller hub ear end face of lining front-end face and its front end;
Preferably, the front and back ends of described positioning adapter forms axial ledge, utilize the inner peripheral surface of the impeller hub that this axial ledge is adjacent to cooperate, further preferred, the positioning adapter impeller adjacent with the rear end cooperating diametrically adopted Spielpassung, with the impeller of its front end cooperating diametrically be interference fit;
(5) when multi-stage impeller be during greater than 2 grades, according to impeller and the positioning adapter of the installation remainder of step (2), (3), (4) described method order; When (6) being installed at last the one-level impeller, one-level impeller hub ear end face is withstood on the front-end face of positioning adapter of its rear end and hold out against torque with transmission, preferably, further between one-level impeller and locking nut the assembling and positioning pad to increase the power acting surface to impeller, when preventing that locking nut from applying impacting force to the impeller injury;
(7) lock by locking nut, and according to the moment that calculates, utilize torque spanner that nut is applied and hold out against moment, thereby make locking nut, locating washer, one-level impeller, positioning adapter, sencond stage impeller, secondary positioning adapter, until impeller holds out against successively on the radial flange of described machine shaft, realize connecting without key between the multi-stage impeller.
16. assembly method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that: described impeller is loaded on when being heated to 50～60 ℃ in the described rotating shaft, and the temperature range of described insulation is (50～60 ℃) ± 5 ℃, and holding time is about 30 minutes; Described positioning adapter is loaded on when being heated to 50～60 ℃ in the described rotating shaft, and the temperature range of described insulation is (70～80 ℃) ± 5 ℃, and holding time is about 30 minutes.
17. assembly method as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that: between described impeller and the rotating shaft, between impeller and the positioning adapter, the interference location amount of interference fit is 0.01～0.02mm between positioning adapter and the rotating shaft, the required gap of assembling is chosen by the H7/g6 of fit diameter after the heating, wherein the upper deviation of diameter is closed in the H7 assignment, the lower deviation of diameter is closed in the g6 assignment, further preferred, the interference fit diameter A between described impeller and positioning adapter, impeller and rotating shaft is all roughly between 30～60mm.
18. such as each described assembly method of claim 13-17, it is characterized in that: describedly hold out against torque and calculate as follows: T
Execute=0.2FD,
T wherein
ExecuteBe the torque that holds out against of required transmission, r
OutwardBe transmitting torque surface of contact outer radius, r
InBe transmitting torque surface of contact inside radius, μ is the friction factor between impeller and rotor, and F is applied force.
19. such as each described assembly method of claim 13-18, it is characterized in that: described impeller, positioning adapter adopt aluminum alloy, and forged steel is adopted in rotating shaft.
20. such as each described assembly method of claim 13-19, it is characterized in that: described high-velocity fluid dynamic power machine is the high-speed centrifugal compressor, preferably, described high-speed centrifugal compressor is the straight connection type that impeller and drive motor rotating shaft are directly installed, described drive motor rotating shaft is cantilever type, and described impeller is installed in the cantilever end of drive motor rotating shaft.
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| CN201210104982XA CN103362860A (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2012-04-02 | High-speed hydrodynamic machine and composition method and assembly method of rotor of high-speed hydrodynamic machine |
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| CN201210104982XA CN103362860A (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2012-04-02 | High-speed hydrodynamic machine and composition method and assembly method of rotor of high-speed hydrodynamic machine |
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