CN103362637A - 用于涡轮增压器的液力传动机构 - Google Patents

用于涡轮增压器的液力传动机构 Download PDF

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CN103362637A
CN103362637A CN2013101034284A CN201310103428A CN103362637A CN 103362637 A CN103362637 A CN 103362637A CN 2013101034284 A CN2013101034284 A CN 2013101034284A CN 201310103428 A CN201310103428 A CN 201310103428A CN 103362637 A CN103362637 A CN 103362637A
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turbosupercharger
axle
bearing
turbine wheel
oil pump
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CN103362637B (zh
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L.P.贝让
C.E.威廉斯
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F02B37/10Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01MLUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/02Pressure lubrication using lubricating pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/005Exhaust driven pumps being combined with an exhaust driven auxiliary apparatus, e.g. a ventilator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/14Control of the alternation between or the operation of exhaust drive and other drive of a pump, e.g. dependent on speed
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/08Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01MLUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/02Arrangements of lubricant conduits
    • F01M2011/021Arrangements of lubricant conduits for lubricating auxiliaries, e.g. pumps or turbo chargers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00Application
    • F05B2220/40Application in turbochargers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于内燃发动机的涡轮增压器,其包括轴、第一涡轮叶轮、压缩机叶轮和第二涡轮叶轮。轴包括第一端部和第二端部,且该轴被支撑用于绕轴线旋转。第一涡轮叶轮安装在轴上靠近第一端部处,且被配置为通过从汽缸排放的燃烧后的气体绕轴线旋转。压缩机叶轮安装在轴上,在第一端部和第二端部之间,且被配置为对接收自环境的气流进行加压,用于传送至发动机。第二涡轮叶轮安装在轴上靠近第二端部处,且被配置为通过加压流体而绕轴线旋转。还公开了一种采用这种涡轮增压器的内燃发动机。

Description

用于涡轮增压器的液力传动机构
技术领域
本发明涉及用于涡轮增压器的液力传动机构,所述涡轮增压器是用来提高内燃发动机的性能的类型。
背景技术
内燃发动机(ICE)常被用来在可靠基础上产生较高水平的功率用于较长的时间段。这种ICE组件采用增压装置(例如涡轮增压器驱动的废气涡轮)在气流进入发动机的进气歧管之前压缩气流,以增加功率和效率。
具体地,涡轮增压器是离心气体压缩机,其使得与通过环境大气压可获得的相比更多的空气、进而更多的氧气进入ICE的燃烧室。被引入ICE的含氧空气的附加质量提高了发动机的容积效率,允许其在给定循环中燃烧更多的燃料,并从而产生更大功率。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施例指向一种用于内燃发动机的涡轮增压器,其包括轴、第一涡轮叶轮、压缩机叶轮和第二涡轮叶轮。轴包括第一端部和第二端部,且该轴被支撑用于绕轴线旋转。第一涡轮叶轮安装在轴上临近第一端部处,且被配置为通过从汽缸排放的燃烧后的气体绕轴线旋转。压缩机叶轮安装在轴上,在第一端部和第二端部之间,且被配置为对接收自环境的气流进行加压用于传送至发动机。第二涡轮叶轮安装在轴上临近第二端部处,且被配置为通过加压流体而绕轴线旋转。
发动机可包括油泵,在这种情况下加压流体是通过油泵供应的发动机油。油泵可以通过发动机或通过电动机机械地驱动。
轴可通过至少一个轴承支撑。此外,在已经使第二涡轮叶轮旋转后,可引导发动机油以润滑这种轴承。所述轴承可包括多个滚动元件,例如球体。
涡轮增压器可进一步包括压缩机盖,其具有涡螺,所述涡螺被配置为将接收自环境的气流引导至压缩机。涡轮增压器还可包括被配置为保持至少一个轴承的轴承箱。此外,轴承箱可固定至发动机盖。
涡轮增压器可进一步包括多个支柱,该支柱被配置为相对于压缩机盖支撑轴承箱。支柱可绕轴线非等间距地隔开。
涡轮增压器可进一步包括与油泵流体连通的喷嘴,该喷嘴附接至轴承箱,且被配置为将发动机油引导至第二涡轮叶轮。
本发明的另一个实施例指向具有上述的涡轮增压器的内燃发动机。
本发明的上述特征和优势及其他特征和优势将从用于实施本发明的最佳模式的以下详细描述连同附图时显而易见。
附图说明
图1是具有根据本发明的涡轮增压器的发动机的示意性透视图;和
图2是图1中示出的涡轮增压器的示意性横截视图。
具体实施方式
参考附图,其中相同的附图标记在若干幅视图中代表相同的部件,图1示出了内燃发动机10。发动机10还包括有多个汽缸14布置于其内的汽缸体12。如图所示,发动机10还包括汽缸盖16。每个汽缸14包括被配置为在其内往复运动的活塞18。
燃烧室20形成在汽缸14内,在汽缸盖16的底部表面和活塞18的顶部之间。如本领域技术人员所知,燃烧室20被配置为接收燃料-空气混合物用于其内随后的燃烧。发动机10还包括曲轴22,该曲轴被配置为在汽缸体12内旋转。作为合适比例的燃料-空气混合物在燃烧室20内燃烧的结果,曲轴22通过活塞18旋转。在空气-燃料混合物在具体燃烧室20内燃烧后,特定活塞18的往复运动用于将燃烧后的气体23从相应的汽缸14排出。
发动机10还包括进气系统24,该进气系统被配置为将气流26从环境引入汽缸14。进气系统24包括进气导管28、涡轮增压器30和进气歧管32。尽管未示出,进气系统24可进一步包括涡轮增压器上游的用于将杂质颗粒和其他空气携带的碎片从气流26中移除的空气过滤器。进气导管28被配置为将气流26从环境引至涡轮增压器28,而涡轮增压器被配置为对接收的气流加压,并将加压气流排至进气歧管32。进气歧管32则继而将预先加压的气流26分送至汽缸14,用于与合适量的燃料混合和用于产生的燃料-空气混合物随后的燃烧。
如图2中所示,涡轮增压器30包括具有第一端部36和第二端部38的轴34。经由轴承42和66支撑轴34,用来绕轴线40旋转。轴承42安装在轴承箱44内,且可通过油的供应而被润滑。轴承42可以是短颈轴承、滚珠轴承、翼片或磁性类型的轴承。滚动元件(例如滚珠类型的轴承)相比具有相对彼此旋转的两个平坦平面的轴承(例如轴颈轴承)来说,提供降低的摩擦系数。因此,通过滚珠轴承支撑的轴34将比轴颈轴承支撑的等同物更自由地旋转,且通过降低的摩擦损失,提高了在其运行期间的涡轮增压器30的响应。
第一涡轮叶轮46安装在轴34上邻近第一端部36处,且被配置为通过从汽缸14排放的燃烧后的气体23绕轴线40旋转。第一涡轮叶轮46设置在涡轮机壳体48内,所述涡轮机壳体包括涡螺或蜗壳50。蜗壳50接收燃烧后的废气23且将废气引导至涡轮叶轮46。蜗壳50被配置为实现涡轮增压器30的特定性能特征,例如效率和响应。
涡轮增压器30还包括压缩机叶轮52,该压缩机叶轮被安装在轴34上,在第一和第二端部36、38之间。压缩机叶轮52被配置为对气流26加压,所述气流接收自环境,用于最终输送至汽缸14。压缩机叶轮52设置在压缩机盖54内,所述压缩机盖包括涡螺或蜗壳56。在气流被压缩后,蜗壳56接收来自压缩机叶轮52的气流26。蜗壳56被配置为实现特定的性能特征,例如涡轮增压器30的峰值气流和响应。因此,通过燃烧后的废气23为第一涡轮叶轮46供能,旋转被施加至轴34,所述旋转进而被传输至压缩机叶轮52,因为压缩机叶轮52固定在轴上。如本领域技术人员所理解的,燃烧后的废气23的可变流量和力影响增压压力的量,所述增压压力可通过压缩机叶轮52贯穿发动机10的运行范围产生。
继续参考图2,涡轮增压器30还包括第二涡轮叶轮58。第二涡轮叶轮58安装在轴34上邻近第二端部38处,且被配置为通过加压流体而绕轴线40旋转。加压流体可以是通过油泵60供应的发动机油。油泵60可以是通过发动机10机械地驱动或可以通过电动机62驱动的类型,该电动机通过电子控制器63调节。可以设置与油泵60流体连通的分立的喷嘴64。采用喷嘴64以将发动机油引导至第二涡轮叶轮58,从而影响其旋转。经由通过喷嘴64供应的加压的发动机油被施加至轴34的原动力将使压缩机叶轮52转动起来,以辅助通过第一涡轮叶轮46产生的旋转,并从而降低涡轮增压器30的响应时间。
轴34的第二端部通过轴承66支撑。轴承66可包括多个滚动元件,例如滚珠68。可采用滚珠型轴承66,因为这种轴承结构能承受大的推力,这通常是当涡轮增压器30产生增压时作用在涡轮和压缩机叶轮46、52上的力的结果。涡轮增压器30还包括轴承箱70。轴承箱70被配置为保持轴承66,且还容纳第二涡轮叶轮58。油泵60供应的发动机油可在油已经使第二涡轮叶轮58旋转后被引导至轴承66,以润滑和冷却轴承。如图所示,轴承箱70设置在气流26的路径上。因此,如图所示,轴承箱70可包括空气动力学有利的形状,以优化和引导气流26,进一步提高涡轮增压器30的压缩机侧效率。
如图2所示,喷嘴64可穿过压缩机盖54插入且安装至压缩机盖54,所述压缩机盖可以由多个部件组装成。所述多个部件可包括包含蜗壳56的部件72、容纳用于流入的气流26的可能的可变导叶的中间壳体73、以及为气流26提供进入涡轮增压器30的入口的部件74。此外,喷嘴64可附接至轴承箱70的部件74。喷嘴64被配置为将发动机油引导至第二涡轮叶轮58,从而影响其旋转。可进一步提供排放通道75,以在轴承66的润滑后将过量的油从轴承箱70移除。排放通道75与油泵60流体连通,以使发动机油返回至所述油泵。
如图2中进一步示出的,压缩机盖54包括多个支柱76,所述支柱被配置为相对于压缩机盖支撑轴承箱70。因此,轴承箱70可经由支柱76固定至压缩机盖54。可以有三个或更多支柱76包括在压缩机盖54内,以影响轴承箱70的可靠支撑。此外,喷嘴64可通过支柱76中的一个而插入。支柱76可绕轴线40非等间距地隔开。可提供支柱76的这种非等间距的隔开以降低气流26内产生脉动、驻波的可能性。如本领域技术人员所理解的,这种否则将产生在气流26内的驻波可引起压缩机叶轮52内的共振,并足以破坏压缩机叶轮和/或轴承66。
尽管已经对执行本发明的较佳模式进行了详尽的描述,但是本领域技术人员可得知在所附的权利要求的范围内的用来实施本发明的许多替换设计和实施例。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于内燃发动机的涡轮增压器,该涡轮增压器包括:
轴,其具有第一端部和第二端部,该轴被支撑用于绕轴线旋转;
第一涡轮叶轮,安装在轴上靠近第一端部处,且被配置为通过从发动机排放的燃烧后的气体绕所述轴线旋转;
压缩机叶轮,其安装在轴上,在第一端部和第二端部之间,且被配置为对接收自环境的气流进行加压,用于传送至发动机;和
第二涡轮叶轮,安装在轴上靠近第二端部处,且被配置为通过加压流体而绕所述轴线旋转。
2.如权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器,其中,发动机包括油泵,且其中,加压流体是通过油泵供应的发动机油。
3.如权利要求2所述的涡轮增压器,其中,油泵通过发动机机械地驱动。
4.如权利要求2所述的涡轮增压器,其中,油泵通过电动机驱动。
5.如权利要求2所述的涡轮增压器,其中,轴由至少一个轴承支撑,且在已经使第二涡轮叶轮旋转后引导发动机油以润滑所述至少一个轴承。
6.如权利要求5所述的涡轮增压器,其中,所述至少一个轴承包括多个滚珠元件。
7.如权利要求5所述的涡轮增压器,其中,涡轮增压器还包括压缩机盖和轴承箱,所述压缩机盖具有被配置为将接收自环境的气流引导至压缩机的涡螺,所述轴承箱被配置为保持所述至少一个轴承,且其中轴承箱固定至压缩机盖。
8.如权利要求7所述的涡轮增压器,其中,多个支柱被配置为相对于压缩机盖支撑轴承箱。
9.如权利要求8所述的涡轮增压器,其中,所述支柱绕轴线非等间距地隔开。
10.如权利要求7所述的涡轮增压器,进一步包括与油泵流体连通的喷嘴,所述喷嘴附接至轴承箱,且被配置为将发动机油引导至第二涡轮叶轮。
CN201310103428.4A 2012-03-28 2013-03-28 用于涡轮增压器的液力传动机构 Expired - Fee Related CN103362637B (zh)

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