CN103361955A - 涤纶织物生物酶前处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种涤纶织物生物酶前处理方法，包括煮练漂白、水洗和烘干步骤，所述煮练漂白步骤为：将涤纶织物加入煮练漂白液中进行煮练漂白，涤纶织物与所述煮练漂白液的质量比为1:10-1:20，控制温度在50-60℃，处理时间为30-90分钟；所述煮练漂白液，由下述组分按重量百分比组成：复合生物酶2-4%，过氧化氢5-10%，四乙酰乙二胺1.2-1.8%，椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱0.1-0.3%，氯化钴0.1-0.3%，余量为水。本发明同浴退浆和漂白，处理条件温和，对织物损伤小，处理时间短。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种织物前处理方法，尤其涉及一种涤纶织物生物酶前处理方法。
背景技术
涤纶是合成纤维中的一个重要品种，是我国聚酯纤维的商品名称。它是以精对苯二甲酸（PTA）或对苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMT）和乙二醇（EG）为原料经酯化或酯交换和缩聚反应而制得的成纤高聚物——聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET），经纺丝和后处理制成的纤维。
至今，在合成纤维中，涤纶产品无论是数量还是品种，都占据主导地位。涤纶纤维强度高、弹性好，其织物挺括、保形性好，且易洗、快干、免烫、不受虫蛀，因此，涤纶产品在市场上一直经久不衰。
现有的涤纶织物前处理，通常包括上述的退浆和漂白步骤，每个步骤耗时较长，能耗较大。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种涤纶织物生物酶前处理方法，退浆和漂白步骤一步完成。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种涤纶织物生物酶前处理方法，包括煮练漂白、水洗和烘干步骤，其特征在于，所述煮练漂白步骤为：
将涤纶织物加入煮练漂白液中进行煮练漂白，涤纶织物与所述煮练漂白液的质量比为1:10-1:20，控制温度在50-60℃，处理时间为30-90分钟；
所述煮练漂白液，由下述组分按重量百分比组成：复合生物酶2-4%，过氧化氢5-10%，四乙酰乙二胺1.2-1.8%，椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱0.1-0.3%，氯化钴0.1-0.3%，余量为水。
所述复合生物酶，由下述组分按重量份组成：角质酶10-20份，碱性果胶酶30-50份，1,4-Β-D-葡萄糖-4-葡萄糖苷水解酶10-20份，漆酶20-40份。
具体的，在本发明的技术方案中：
角质酶，Cutinase,EC3.1.1.74，是一种能破坏角质多聚物分子的酯键使其水解为单体和小分子寡聚体的胞外诱导水解酶，属于丝氨酸酯酶。角质酶既可以催化水解不溶性多聚体植物角质的酯键，也可以作用于其它长链、短链脂肪酸酯、乳化的甘油三酯和可溶性的合成酯等，是一种多功能裂解酶。
碱性果胶酶是一种生物酶制剂，可用于纺织纤维的脱胶预处理和煮练助剂。耐碱，可在碱性环境下使用，对纤维胶质有较好的去处作用，且对天然纤维素纤维损伤较小，能保持纤维具有良好的物理性能。在本发明中可以选用碱性果胶酶Biopmp3000L(诺维信公司，酶活力3000U／mL)。
1,4-Β-D-葡萄糖-4-葡萄糖苷水解酶，CAS登录号:9012-54-8，EINECS登录号:232-734-4，英文名：1,4-[1,3:1,4]-BETA-D-GLUCAN4-GLUCANO-HYDROLASE。
漆酶，英文名称：Laccase，CAS编号：80498-15-3，EINECS登录号:420-150-4。漆酶为含铜金属酶，在每个漆酶分子中有四个铜原子。漆酶的典型反应是氧化酚类化合物，反应过程中伴随着分子氧还原成水。在漆酶的催化氧化过程中，底物失去一个电子而形成自由基，不稳定的自由基可进一步参与漆酶催化的氧合反应或非酶促反应，如水合反应、聚合反应。
椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱，COCAMIDOPROPYLHYDROXYSULTAINE，68139-30-0。
本发明采用复合酶-氧工艺进行前处理，利用各自的协同作用和彼此的生物相容性，采用角质酶、碱性果胶酶、1,4-Β-D-葡萄糖-4-葡萄糖苷水解酶和漆酶四种生物酶复配使用，产生协同增效作用；进一步的，氯化钴对该复合生物酶起到活化作用，优选的两性表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱的加入，更对酶起到进一步的增效作用。
相对于现有技术，本发明技术方案的优点主要体现为：
本发明采用复合生物酶对涤纶织物进行同浴退浆和漂白，处理条件温和，对织物损伤小，并且工艺流程短。
具体实施方式
涤纶织物，初始白度为46%。
实施例1
（1）复合生物酶的制备
称取角质酶15重量份、碱性果胶酶40重量份、1,4-Β-D-葡萄糖-4-葡萄糖苷水解酶15重量份和漆酶30重量份，搅拌混合均匀，即制得该复合生物酶。
（2）煮练漂白液的制备
室温下，将复合生物酶、过氧化氢、四乙酰乙二胺、椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱和氯化钴加入水中，搅拌混合均匀，制得煮练漂白液，
所述煮练漂白液，由下述组分按重量百分比组成：所述复合生物酶3%，过氧化氢7.5%，四乙酰乙二胺1.5%，椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱0.2%，氯化钴0.2%，余量为水。
（3）同浴煮练漂白
将涤纶织物加入煮练漂白液中进行煮练漂白，涤纶织物与煮练漂白液的质量比为1:15，控制温度在55℃，浸渍时间为60分钟。
（4）采用常规方法水洗，烘干。
对比例1
（1）煮练漂白液的制备
室温下，将实施例1制备的复合生物酶、过氧化氢、四乙酰乙二胺、渗透剂JFC和氯化钴加入水中，搅拌混合均匀，制得煮练漂白液，所述煮练漂白液，由下述组分按重量百分比组成：所述复合生物酶3%，过氧化氢7.5%，四乙酰乙二胺1.5%，渗透剂JFC 0.2%，氯化钴0.2%，余量为水。
（2）同浴煮练漂白
将涤纶织物加入煮练漂白液中进行煮练漂白，涤纶织物与煮练漂白液的质量比为1:15，控制温度在55℃，浸渍时间为60分钟。
（3）采用常规方法水洗，烘干。
对比例2
（1）煮练漂白液的制备
室温下，将α-淀粉酶、过氧化氢、四乙酰乙二胺、椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱和氯化钴加入水中，搅拌混合均匀，制得煮练漂白液，所述煮练漂白液，由下述组分按重量百分比组成：α-淀粉酶3%，过氧化氢7.5%，四乙酰乙二胺1.5%，椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱0.2%，氯化钴0.2%，余量为水。
（2）同浴煮练漂白
将涤纶织物加入煮练漂白液中进行煮练漂白，涤纶织物与煮练漂白液的质量比为1:15，控制温度在55℃，浸渍时间为60分钟。
（3）采用常规方法水洗，烘干。
测试例1
对实施例1、对比例1和对比例2处理后的涤纶织物进行测试，具体数据见下表。
涤纶织物性能测试表
| 退浆率，% | 白度，% | 强度保持率，% | |
| 实施例1 | 92.9 | 87 | 94 |
| 对比例1 | 87.5 | 75 | 93 |
| 对比例2 | 82.6 | 73 | 93 |
退浆率表示织物上浆料去除程度的一项基本技术指标，可用下列公式计算：
退浆率=[(退浆前织物含浆率－退浆后织物含浆率)/退浆前织物含浆率]×100％。
用埃尔曼多夫撕裂测试仪测试强度保持率。将一个尺寸为6.5cm×10cm的测试样品两端夹紧，在其中间部位垂直切一个2cm的切口，在撕裂至4.5cm处测量该点所显示的最大克数，测量3次，取平均值，并用该平均值除以未经处理的样品的测量值，其商值即为强度保持率。强度保持率越大，说明该工序对织物的损伤越小。
本发明采用复合生物酶对涤纶织物进行同浴退浆和漂白，处理条件温和，对织物损伤小，环境友好，并且工艺流程短仅需30-90分钟，节约能耗；处理后的织物柔软度高，手感好，染色渗透性、匀染性明显提高。
Claims (2)
1.一种涤纶织物生物酶前处理方法，包括煮练漂白、水洗和烘干步骤，其特征在于，所述煮练漂白步骤为：
将涤纶织物加入煮练漂白液中进行煮练漂白，涤纶织物与所述煮练漂白液的质量比为1:10-1:20，控制温度在50-60℃，处理时间为30-90分钟；
所述煮练漂白液，由下述组分按重量百分比组成：复合生物酶2-4%，过氧化氢5-10%，四乙酰乙二胺1.2-1.8%，椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱0.1-0.3%，氯化钴0.1-0.3%，余量为水。
2.如权利要求1所述的涤纶织物生物酶前处理方法，其特征在于，所述复合生物酶，由下述组分按重量份组成：角质酶10-20份，碱性果胶酶30-50份，1,4-Β-D-葡萄糖-4-葡萄糖苷水解酶10-20份，漆酶20-40份。
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