CN103356196A - Experiment device for measuring real human body upper respiratory tract model flow field pressure - Google Patents
Experiment device for measuring real human body upper respiratory tract model flow field pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN103356196A CN103356196A CN2013103432750A CN201310343275A CN103356196A CN 103356196 A CN103356196 A CN 103356196A CN 2013103432750 A CN2013103432750 A CN 2013103432750A CN 201310343275 A CN201310343275 A CN 201310343275A CN 103356196 A CN103356196 A CN 103356196A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experiment device which can be used for measuring the size and the change of the pressure of different positions in a human body upper respiratory tract model flow field under the two conditions of a steady state and a transient state. The experiment device comprises a real human body upper respiratory tract model, a gas path system and a pressure detecting system. The real human body upper respiratory tract model comprises an oral cavity part, a uvula part, a pharyngeal part, a epiglottis part, a laryngeal part, a glottis part, a pyriform sinus part, a trachea part and a front three-level bronchus part. The gas path system is composed of a first vacuum air path and a second vacuum air path. The pressure detecting system is composed of pressure probes, a data collecting system and a computer. The pressure probes are arranged at different portions of the real human body upper respiratory tract model in an imbedded mode. The data collecting system is respectively connected to the pressure probes and the computer. The experiment device for measuring the real human body upper respiratory tract model flow field pressure can be used for more precisely measuring the motion features of the human body upper respiratory tract model flow field and can display the size and the change conditions of the pressure of different positions in a human upper respiratory tract in real time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biomedical engineering and breath stream mechanics technical field, specifically, relate to be fit to a kind of experiments of measuring device of human upper airway model flow field survey.
Background technology
The pressure Detection Techniques are a kind of be used for measuring pressure sizes and the technology that changes in the micro-system.It is designed to directly measure the turgescence of huge alga cells at first.Along with further microminiaturization and the precise treatment of operating means, be applied to afterwards measuring common higher plant cell turgescence and other water relation parameters.The development of this technology is based upon on a series of corresponding fluid physics theoretical basiss.The pressure probe technology has become the multipurpose technology in plant physiology and the field of ecology research at present, can directly measure the pressure in conduit or the test-tube baby.
Human upper airway is the important component part of respiratory system, is the main thoroughfare that human body and external environment are carried out gas exchange.Gas enters the interaction that lung depends on two aspect factors: the one, and the power of promotion gas flow; The 2nd, the resistance that stops it to flow.The former must overcome the latter, can realize pulmonary ventilation, and the resistance that must overcome blood circulation as the power of Ve could promote the blood flow.
Gas turnover lung is by the cause that exists pressure differential between atmosphere and the alveolar gas.Under the general breathing condition, this pressure differential results from the variation of the caused lung volume of hypertonic of lung.Lung itself does not have the initiatively ability of hypertonic, and its hypertonic is by the expansion of thorax and dwindles institute and cause, and the expansion of thorax and to dwindle be that contraction and diastole by respiratory muscle caused.When inspiratory muscles shrank, thorax enlarged, and lung is expanded thereupon, and the lung volume increases, and intrapulmonic pressure temporarily descends and is lower than atmospheric pressure, and air causes air-breathing (inspiration) with regard to entering lung along this pressure reduction.Otherwise, when the inspiratory muscles diastole and (or) when expiratory muscle shrank, thorax dwindled, lung also dwindles thereupon, the lung volume reduces, intrapulmonic pressure temporarily raises and is higher than atmospheric pressure, gas just flows out lung along this pressure reduction in the lung, causes expiration (expiration).The expansion of the thorax that respiratory muscle shrinks, diastole causes and dwindling is called respiratory movement.At present, the monitoring of human upper airway pressure comprises: the monitoring of airway pressure, the monitoring of Ppl and endogenous are breathed the monitoring of last malleation, and studies show that, diverse location in respiratory tract carries out the measurement of pressure, and then meaning is more remarkable, can infer exactly the position that respiratory disorder occurs.
The human upper airway air motion is isothermal, incompressible flowing, and in most cases is the turbulent flow of laminar flow or low reynolds number.Simultaneously, the human upper airway structure is comparatively complicated, and shape is also very irregular, carries out in the upper respiratory tract very difficulty of diverse location pressure measxurement work at real human body.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, by preparing real human upper airway model, provide a kind of experiments of measuring device that can measure in stable state and two kinds of situations of transient state diverse location pressure size in the human upper airway model flow field and change.
Real human body upper airway model fluid field pressure experiments of measuring device of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals, and described experimental provision comprises real human body upper airway model, air-channel system and pressure detection system;
Described real human body upper airway model comprises oral cavity, uvula, pharyngeal, epiglottis, throat, glottis, pears shape nest, trachea and front tertiary bronchus; The import of described oral cavity is reduced to circle, and the oral cavity cavity is arch, the import along continuous straight runs in oral cavity; Near pharyngeal antetheca place, height is 6.14mm to described uvula at the oral cavity upper wall; The pharyngeal sagittal plain that is shaped as of described model is greater than Coronal, and is pharyngeal in smoothing junction with the bottom, oral cavity; The described throat sound door opening in below, epiglottis is in the inner projection of pharynx, and epiglottis is connected by cast with glottis, and epiglottis is the pharyngeal bottom 20mm of distance at least; Described pears shape nest is positioned at both sides, throat bottom; Described glottis and trachea are in smoothing junction; Described model master trachea connects respectively two one-level bronchus, each one-level bronchus connects respectively two secondary bronchus, each secondary bronchus is the connecting length tertiary bronchus different with number respectively, the long 134.69mm of main trachea, bronchus at different levels are different in size, and described secondary bronchial branches trachea and tertiary bronchus are with respect to main trachea distribution or asymmetrical distribution;
Described air-channel system is comprised of the first vacuum air-channel and the second vacuum air-channel; The first vacuum air-channel comprises the first vacuum pump and the first vacuum chamber, be connected the first electromagnetic valve and first between described the first vacuum pump and the first vacuum chamber and pass through effusion meter, the first vacuum chamber connects respectively the 3rd electromagnetic valve and first flow control valve, and the first flow control valve is connected with tertiary bronchus is terminal by the pipeline that the 3rd effusion meter and the 4th effusion meter are set respectively; The second vacuum air-channel comprises the second vacuum pump and the second vacuum chamber, be connected the second electromagnetic valve and the second effusion meter between described the second vacuum pump and the second vacuum chamber, the second vacuum chamber is connected with real human body upper airway model entrance by the pipeline that sets gradually the 4th electromagnetic valve, second adjustable valve and the 5th effusion meter;
Described pressure detection system is comprised of pressure probe, data collecting system and computer; Described pressure probe is inserted real human body upper airway model different parts; Described data collecting system is connected with computer with pressure probe respectively; Described computer be used for the controlled pressure probe working time and gather sequential.
Described model left side secondary bronchus length is greater than right side secondary bronchus, and greater than the top tertiary bronchus length of homonymy, the bronchus length of described each tertiary bronchus is not identical respectively for described model left and right sides tertiary bronchus length on the lower.
The top secondary bronchus in described model right side connects three tertiary bronchuss, and other secondary bronchus respectively connect two tertiary bronchuss that length is different.
The present invention can more accurately measure human upper airway model flow field air motion characteristic and also pressure size and the situation of change of different parts in the human upper airway can be shown in real time by integrated real human body upper airway model, air-path control system and pressure detection system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is real human body upper airway model schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is air-channel system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is pressure-measuring system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention simulates expiratory phase pressure measxurement schematic diagram;
Fig. 5-the 2nd, the structure of optical fiber and biography light principle;
Fig. 6 is that the present invention simulates expiration phase pressure measxurement schematic diagram.
Among the figure: 1, real human body upper airway model; 2, pressure detection system; 3, the first vacuum pump; 19, the second vacuum pump; 4, the first electromagnetic valve; 7, the 3rd electromagnetic valve; 20, the second electromagnetic valve; 25, the 4th electromagnetic valve; 5, first flow meter; 9-17, the third and fourth effusion meter; 21, the second effusion meter; 24, the 5th effusion meter; 6, the first vacuum chamber; 22, the second vacuum chamber; 8, first flow control valve; 23, second adjustable valve; The 18th, computer.
The specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, hardware system of the present invention comprises real human body upper airway model, air-channel system and pressure-measuring system three parts.
Accompanying drawing 2 is depicted as the real human body upper airway model, and model comprises oral cavity, uvula, pharyngeal, epiglottis, throat, glottis, pears shape nest, trachea and front tertiary bronchus; The import of described oral cavity is reduced to circle, and the oral cavity cavity is arch, the import along continuous straight runs in oral cavity, and tongue back zone height is 33.55mm; Near pharyngeal antetheca place, height is 6.14mm to described uvula at the oral cavity upper wall; Described pharyngeal out-of-shape, sagittal plain are greater than Coronal, and be pharyngeal in smoothing junction with the bottom, oral cavity; The described throat sound door opening in below, epiglottis is in the inner projection of pharynx, and epiglottis is connected by cast with glottis, epiglottis back zone height 41.92mm; Described pears shape nest is positioned at both sides, throat bottom; Described glottis and trachea are in smoothing junction; Described main trachea connects respectively two one-level bronchus, each one-level bronchus connects respectively two secondary bronchus, the secondary bronchus is the connecting length tertiary bronchus different with number respectively, the long 134.69mm of main trachea, bronchus at different levels are different in size, above-mentioned trachea smooth connection forms, and described bronchus is with respect to main trachea distribution or asymmetrical distribution; Described model is based on normal human's upper respiratory tract CT scan image, use the high vision treatment technology that human upper airway model is carried out standardization processing and carries out three-dimensional reconstruction, real human body upper airway model data after rebuilding are input to the SPS600 fast forming machine, adopt rapid laser-shaping technique, make transparent resin real human body upper airway model.
As shown in Figure 3, described air-channel system comprises the first and second vacuum pumps 3 and the 19, first and second vacuum chamber 6 and 22, electromagnetic valve 4,7,20 and 25; Effusion meter 5,9-17,21 and 24; The first and second flow control valves 8 and 23 and computer 18; Be connected the first electromagnetic valve and first between described the first vacuum pump and the first vacuum chamber and pass through effusion meter, the first vacuum chamber connects respectively the 3rd electromagnetic valve and first flow control valve, and the first flow control valve is connected with tertiary bronchus is terminal by the pipeline that the 3rd effusion meter and the 4th effusion meter are set respectively; The second vacuum air-channel comprises the second vacuum pump and the second vacuum chamber, be connected the second electromagnetic valve and the second effusion meter between described the second vacuum pump and the second vacuum chamber, the second vacuum chamber is connected with real human body upper airway model entrance by the pipeline that sets gradually the 4th electromagnetic valve, second adjustable valve and the 5th effusion meter.Each device is by hose connection, and the junction installs pagoda joint and larynx hoop additional, guarantees that whole gas circuit has good sealing; Described vacuum pump is used to provide source of the gas, makes vacuum chamber form the relative vacuum state; Described vacuum chamber 6 is used for imitating the human lung; Described electromagnetic valve is closed type control air circuit breaker; Described effusion meter is in order to observed volume; The flow-control of described flow control valve in order to realize that human circulation is breathed.
As shown in Figure 4, described pressure system comprises pressure probe 2 and computer 18, and described pulse laser places real human body upper airway model homonymy; The described frame CCD camera of striding places the inner different parts of real human body upper airway model over against real human body upper airway model pressure probe; Described computer is used for work schedule and the data collecting system of controlled pressure probe, and the data that record are shown.
Based on the human upper airway model fluid field pressure measuring method of pressure probe technology and the experimental technique of experimental provision, by the measurement to different breathing patterns, respiratory frequency, obtain respectively distribution and the version of human upper airway flow field air motion characteristic, pressure under stable state breathing pattern and the circulatory and respiratory pattern.Be implemented as follows detailed description:
As shown in Figure 5, during the expiratory phase Steady Experimental, electromagnetic valve 4 energisings, open the first vacuum pump 3, observe the gas that the first vacuum chamber 6 is drawn out of by first flow meter 5, after the first vacuum chamber 6 forms relative vacuum, make electromagnetic valve 4 outages close simultaneously the first vacuum pump 3; Then make electromagnetic valve 25 energisings, make first flow control valve 8 keep constant degree, observe the flow that enters into gas in the model from the human upper airway model porch by effusion meter (9-17), open data acquisition interface in the computer 18, make pressure probe start working and data are passed in the middle of the computer; Described pressure probe is the optical fiber pressure probe, and its ultimate principle is:
Optical fiber is a kind of filament of transmission light, and it can will enter the other end of the light transmission of optical fiber one end to optical fiber.Usually optical fiber is comprised of the different material of two-layer optical property, and the structure of optical fiber and biography light principle are shown in Fig. 5-2.The mid portion of optical fiber is the fibre core of leaded light, is covering around the fibre core.The refractive index n of covering
2Be slightly less than the refractive index n of fibre core
1, their refractive index contrast Δ (Δ=1-n
2/ n
1) be generally 0.005-0.140.Usually also have one deck to work the jacket layer that supports protective effect in the covering outside.
The basis of optical fiber transmission light is the total internal reflection of light.When light enters the end face of optical fiber with incidence angle θ, reflect in the end, establishing the refraction angle is θ ', then light with
The angle is incident to the interface of fibre core and covering.When
The angle is greater than the critical angle between fibre core and covering
The time, namely
Total reflection occurs at the interface of optical fiber in the light of then injecting, and repeatedly reflects one by one with same angle at inside of optical fibre, until propagate into the other end.Real work optical fiber may be crooked, as long as still satisfy the total reflection law, light still moves on.Because optical fiber has certain flexibility, is easy to make light " turning ", this brings great convenience for the design of sensor.
According to this law of refraction like this
If work as
Reach critical angle
The time angle of incidence be θ
c, can be got by formula (1) and (2)
n
0sinθ
c＝(n
1 2-n
2 2)
1/2
In the formula, n
0Sin θ
cBe called the numerical aperture of optical fiber, represent with NA.It is n from refractive index that incident illumination is worked as in its expression
0External agency when entering optical fiber, only have incidence angle θ
cLight could in optical fiber, propagate.Otherwise light can be overflowed from covering and be produced light leak.NA is an important parameter of optical fiber, and the NA value is larger, and light source is higher to the coupling efficiency of optical fiber.The numerical aperture of optical fiber only is decided by the refractive index of optical fiber, and is irrelevant with the physical dimension of optical fiber.
As shown in Figure 6, during the expiration phase Steady Experimental, electromagnetic valve 20 energisings, open the second vacuum pump 19, observe the gas that the second vacuum chamber 21 is drawn out of by effusion meter, after the second vacuum chamber 21 forms relative vacuum, make electromagnetic valve 20 outages close simultaneously the second vacuum pump 19; Then make electromagnetic valve 7 energisings, make second adjustable valve 23 keep constant degree, observe the flow that enters into gas in the model from human upper airway model bronchus end by effusion meter 24, open data acquisition interface in the computer 18, make pressure probe start working and data are passed in the middle of the computer, lower to the expiratory phase experimental procedure.
During the transient state respiration test, according to general physiology general knowledge, the frequency of respiration of people's per minute is about 15-20 time, and therefore a breathing cycle is about 4 seconds.We exhale within a breathing cycle at supposition and air-breathing process was respectively 2 seconds, and the supposition air velocity is the SIN function of time.Utilize the first and second flow control valves 8 and 23 all to regulate whole gas circuit airflow pattern by sinusoidal variations, because the two all can realize sinusoidal wave half period, and airflow direction is opposite, therefore the breathing cycle can be realized complete sinusoidal wave form.Therefore, the transient state respiration test repeats above step, as long as can realize by sinusoidal variations and each time of breathing of control by the adjust flux control valve.
Claims (3)
1. a real human body upper airway model fluid field pressure experiments of measuring device is characterized in that, described experimental provision comprises real human body upper airway model, air-channel system and pressure detection system;
Described real human body upper airway model comprises oral cavity, uvula, pharyngeal, epiglottis, throat, glottis, pears shape nest, trachea and front tertiary bronchus; The import of described oral cavity is reduced to circle, and the oral cavity cavity is arch, the import along continuous straight runs in oral cavity; Near pharyngeal antetheca place, height is 6.14mm to described uvula at the oral cavity upper wall; The pharyngeal sagittal plain that is shaped as of described model is greater than Coronal, and is pharyngeal in smoothing junction with the bottom, oral cavity; The described throat sound door opening in below, epiglottis is in the inner projection of pharynx, and epiglottis is connected by cast with glottis, and epiglottis is the pharyngeal bottom 20mm of distance at least; Described pears shape nest is positioned at both sides, throat bottom; Described glottis and trachea are in smoothing junction; Described model master trachea connects respectively two one-level bronchus, each one-level bronchus connects respectively two secondary bronchus, each secondary bronchus is the connecting length tertiary bronchus different with number respectively, the long 134.69mm of main trachea, bronchus at different levels are different in size, and described secondary bronchial branches trachea and tertiary bronchus are with respect to main trachea distribution or asymmetrical distribution;
Described air-channel system is comprised of the first vacuum air-channel and the second vacuum air-channel; The first vacuum air-channel comprises the first vacuum pump and the first vacuum chamber, be connected the first electromagnetic valve and first between described the first vacuum pump and the first vacuum chamber and pass through effusion meter, the first vacuum chamber connects respectively the 3rd electromagnetic valve and first flow control valve, and the first flow control valve is connected with tertiary bronchus is terminal by the pipeline that the 3rd effusion meter and the 4th effusion meter are set respectively; The second vacuum air-channel comprises the second vacuum pump and the second vacuum chamber, be connected the second electromagnetic valve and the second effusion meter between described the second vacuum pump and the second vacuum chamber, the second vacuum chamber is connected with real human body upper airway model entrance by the pipeline that sets gradually the 4th electromagnetic valve, second adjustable valve and the 5th effusion meter;
Described pressure detection system is comprised of pressure probe, data collecting system and computer; Described pressure probe is inserted real human body upper airway model different parts; Described data collecting system is connected with computer with pressure probe respectively; Described computer be used for the controlled pressure probe working time and gather sequential.
2. real human body upper airway model fluid field pressure experiments of measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described model left side secondary bronchus length is greater than right side secondary bronchus, greater than the top tertiary bronchus length of homonymy, the bronchus length of described each tertiary bronchus is not identical respectively for described model left and right sides tertiary bronchus length on the lower.
3. real human body upper airway model fluid field pressure experiments of measuring device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the top secondary bronchus in described model right side connects three tertiary bronchuss, and other secondary bronchus respectively connect two tertiary bronchuss that length is different.
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| CN109758153A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-17 | 上海长征医院 | Full nasal cavity pneumatic test set and its application method |
| CN110975950A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-04-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Micro-fluidic alveolus chip and alveolus respiration simulation device |
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Application publication date: 20131023 |