CN103354771A - 修复声衰减板的方法 - Google Patents
修复声衰减板的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于修复声衰减板(100)的方法,该声衰减板包括:由金属材料制成的结构表层(120)、由金属材料制成的声阻层(110),以及用作吸音材料的蜂窝结构(130),该蜂窝结构直接安装在结构表层(120)和声阻层(110)上。本发明的特征在于,包括:至少一个步骤,其中将至少一个加强销(30)插入到板(100)的厚度中;和步骤(204),其中将所述销(30)分别固定到结构表层(120)和声阻层(110)上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及声衰减板(尤其用于航空)的制造方法,以及用于实现所述方法的设备。
背景技术
声衰减板的使用,例如,在装备了所述板的飞行器发动机舱和发动机舱部件中,降低从涡轮喷气发动机发出的噪音,这在本领域内是公知的。
这种声衰减板一般具有夹层式结构,包括结构表层、蜂窝形式的泡状结构,以及通常由穿孔声学表层形成的声阻层。
在某些情况下,所述声衰减板必须设计为安装在飞行器涡轮喷气发动机的发动机舱的热区中,尤其是所述发动机舱的下游部分,通过它排出的废气温度通常高于600℃。
在这种废气区域中使用声衰减板,使得所发出的位于高频范围的噪声大幅降低。
对于这些特殊的高温应用,使用的声衰减板通常是以金属片形成其结构表层,所述蜂窝结构是金属的,并且所述声阻层是穿孔的金属片。
接着,所述金属蜂窝结构通过钎焊(即,使用具有低于基底金属熔化温度的填充金属来装配两种材料)连接到所述结构金属片和所述穿孔金属片上。
形成所述夹层结构的所有元件都使用金属合金,并且使用钎焊来连接,因而其成本很高。
然而,这类部件通常使用相对昂贵的金属或合金来制造,以在承受高温环境的同时保持所需的强度性能。
其制造成本因而相对较高。
因而,当这种板的其中之一在装配或在使用条件下由于热疲劳、磨损、腐蚀或甚至是其他物体冲击而损坏时,希望修复这种板以避免新部件的昂贵花费。
所述需要修理板的另一个可能的劣化,在所述结构表层、所述声阻层和所述蜂窝结构之间的连接界面的劣化,影响了板的结构质量。
然而,通过焊接或钎焊对这种劣化的装配或修理操作非常复杂,因为所述声衰减板的一个表层具有小孔而另外一个表层是实心的。
因而,在所知的修理方法中,会全部或部分替换所述板的声学表层和/或蜂窝结构。
这种方法的成本很高。
另外,相关的装配或修理操作特别不容易,因为有这样的风险,所述板的声学和结构质量会受到这些操作的影响,例如所述夹层板机械强度的降低,甚至是所述板丧失了吸音的功能。
同时,例如焊接或钎焊的装配和修理操作对所处理的板的冶金特性有影响,因而会影响其表面特性。
因而,修理操作可能导致例如氧化或裂纹的缺陷。
当这些缺陷位于所述板的内部时,难于消除。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是克服所提及的缺点。
因而,本发明的一个特定目的是提供一种方法,用于修复适合安装在热区的声衰减板,它消除了板表层与其蜂窝结构分离的风险。
本发明进一步的目标是提出一种用于修理适于安装在热区中的声衰减板的方法,通过该方法保护所处理的板不受污染是最佳的。
因而希望提出一种用于修理适合安装在热区中的声衰减板的方法,它减少了所述板上出现表面缺陷的风险。
本发明的进一步目标是提出一种用于修理适于安装在热区中的声衰减板的方法,它满足所修理的板保持声学和结构质量相关的需要。
本发明的进一步目标是提出一种用于修理适于安装在热区中的声衰减板的方法,它成本低并且易于实现。
本发明的进一步目标是提出一种气体保护设备的替代方案,它使得前面提及的修复方法得以实现。
也需要提出一种替代的气体保护设备方案,它使得保护气体在待焊接的部件上进行层流扩散。
为此目的,本发明提出了一种用于修理声衰减板的方法,声衰减板包括:金属材质的结构表层、金属材质的声阻层和作为吸音材料的蜂窝结构,所述蜂窝结构直接附加在所述结构表层和声阻层上,值得注意的是,它包括至少一个步骤,在该步骤中,将至少一个加强销插入到所述板的厚度中,并且将所述销分别固定到所述结构表层和所述声阻层。
根据本发明的方法的其它可选特性:
-将所述销分别固定在所述板的声阻层和结构表层上;
-将所述加强销横向插入所述蜂窝结构,并且将其定向为垂直于所述板的声阻层和结构表层平面;
-所述加强销的固定步骤是在受控气氛中的焊接步骤,该焊接步骤垂直于焊接表面的反面并在该焊接表面的反面上焊接;
-在将加强销焊接到所述声阻层上时,将惰性气体扩散设备置于声阻表面上不同于焊接炬的位置,并且将气体喷嘴置于所述板另一面的结构表层上;
-扩散的气体是氩气或氦气,或者二者的混合;
-在插入加强销之前,在所述声阻层和结构表层上制作穿孔,这些穿孔的形状和大小与加强销的形状和大小相匹配;
-在插入加强销之前且继制作穿孔步骤之后,在声阻层和结构表层的内表面和外表面上执行去毛刺步骤;
本发明也提出了一种用前面提及的修理方法来获得声衰减板。
本发明进一步提出了一种飞行器发动机发动机舱,它装备至少一个前面提及的声衰减板。
本发明还提出了一种在受控气氛中焊接所述声衰减板的步骤期间使用的气体保护设备,包括用于将惰性气体注入到所述板上的装置,和用于容纳焊接炬的装置,值得注意的是,该惰性气体注入装置包括安装在容纳焊接炬的装置周围的惰性气体扩散器。
根据本发明的设备的其他可选特性:
-所述设备适于与焊接炬相配合,并允许焊接垂直于待焊接的板表面的反面并在待焊接的板表面的反面上进行焊接。
-用于容纳所述焊接炬的装置包括外罩,该外罩适于容纳焊接炬并能使其通过所述设备的室,并且所述扩散器包括与容纳焊接炬的外罩同轴安装的环;
-所述扩散器被配置为确保气体非湍流地供给到待焊接的板表面上;
-所述扩散器适合于将所述气体间接地扩散到待焊接的表面上,所述扩散器环包括在其周围朝向所述室的凹面的排气孔;
-所述设备进一步包括有通孔的蜂窝格栅,该通孔被置于面向待焊接的表面,以通过所述设备进行焊接。
附图说明
根据下面的描述以及对附图的审视,本发明的其他特性和优点将会显现:
图1是使用根据本发明的一个实施例的方法修复的声衰减板的一个实施例的横向剖面示意图;
图2到7示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的方法修复图1中的声衰减板的不同连续步骤;
图8是实现图1-7的焊接步骤的气体保护设备的立体图。
图9是图8中设备的鸟瞰立体图。
在所有这些图中,相同或相似的附图标记表示相同或相似的部件。
具体实施方式
从图1中可见,声衰减板100适合使用本发明的方法修复,并且在与声激励源相对的侧面上,该声衰减板100包括以金属片形成的结构表层120。
在所述结构表层120上附加了蜂窝类型的泡状结构130,作为公知的吸收声音的材料。
由穿孔的金属片或金属丝网或这两个元件的组合形成的声阻层110,可以被附加在蜂窝结构130上,以将蜂窝结构130封装在所述声阻层和所述结构表层120之间。
在一个非限定示例中,所述穿孔具有小于1.5mm的内径。
所述蜂窝结构130可以使用钎焊或焊接工艺固定至所述结构表层120和声阻层110。
这个声衰减板100适合用于高温区,特别是飞行器的发动机舱(尤其是在所述涡轮喷气发动机的废气排放区)。
如前面所述,结构表层120和声阻层110可以由金属材料制成。
这些材料可以选自金属和/或金属合金,例如,钛、铬镍铁合金(Inconel)及其所有等级。
蜂窝结构130可以由金属材料、聚合物、陶瓷或复合材料制成,它们都可以通过商业获取。
在特殊情况下,声衰减板100用于安装在飞行器发动机舱的高温区域,蜂窝结构130的材料可以承受高达800℃的温度。
当所述声衰减板100损坏时,可以使用方法200来修复,该方法的实施如下所述。
这个板100可因不同的方式损坏,非限定的例子如:磨损、腐蚀、冲击或锈蚀。
所述修复方法包括一系列连续的步骤,所述步骤将参考图2-7来描述。
在图2示出的修复方法之前的步骤201中,在声阻层110上使用合适的工具制作穿孔113(于图3可见)。
这些穿孔113的位置可相对于损坏的声衰减板100的截面来确定。
这些穿孔113的位置,如非限定的例子,可以在无损检测(如敲击测试、X射线照相、超声波检测类型等)之后确定,所述无损检测可识别非钎焊区或具有另一缺陷的区域。
在该识别后,按照测试或计算确认的中心距离来描绘这些穿孔113的示意图。
因而,这些穿孔可以直接在那些被穿孔113移除的不需要部分上制成。
在接下的步骤中,在与声阻层110上的穿孔垂直的结构表层120上制作类似的穿孔123(于图3可见)。
这些穿孔的尺寸,尤其是这些穿孔的直径大于所述声阻层110上的穿孔113的直径。
这个直径是在本方法的接下步骤中使用的去毛刺工具(将参考图3描述)的函数。
因而所述声衰减板100在蜂窝结构130的两侧都被刺穿。
为获得这些穿孔,实施例一个变体提供了适合的钻孔设备,该钻孔设备包括至少一个钻头,其形状和尺寸与所期望的穿孔113、123相适应。
该钻头可以与支撑件10结合,确保其稳定性,即,包括适合的钻套的三角架型支撑件10。
一旦制成了声衰减板100的穿孔,在接下来的步骤202中,仍然存在于位于垂直于穿孔113、123的结构表层120和声阻层110上的任何多余的材料都被清除。
这些多余材料尤其是指在将所述结构表层120和声阻层110焊接或钎焊到蜂窝层130上时留下的毛刺,但也指来自于刚制成的穿孔113,123的毛刺。
因此,在这个步骤中,将声阻层110内表面112和外表面111以及结构表层120的内表面122去毛刺,以便获得干净的结构表层120和声阻层110表面状况。
所述去毛刺可以使用任何公知的去毛刺技术来进行。
有利地,该去毛刺使得在接下来焊接加强销期间避免产生任何污染;因而阻止了夹渣、不正确连接、气孔、裂纹等,但不限于这些例子。
在优选的实施例变体中,使用图3示出的合适形状的工具,以磨削来执行去毛刺。
这个工具的形式是在其自由端由引导件21延伸的铰孔器20。
这个引导件21具有一个端部22,其形式为去顶圆锥,其尺寸和形状适于穿过在声阻层110上制成的穿孔。
同时,如将见于下面的参考附图4,所述铰孔器20本身的形状和尺寸与待垂直于所述穿孔113、123插入所述板100的厚度的加强销相同。
在接下来的步骤203中,将加强销30插入到声衰减板100的厚度中,这个加强销30延伸到与声阻层110及结构表层120相接触,尤其是,将每个加强销30插入到声阻层110和结构表层120的穿孔113、123所留下的自由空间。
因此,其中每个销具有的形状和尺寸与穿孔113,123的形状和尺寸相匹配。
这些加强销用来加强蜂窝结构130分别与声阻层110和结构表层120的接界面。
通过将金属声阻层110和结构表层120直接连接起来,这些销也加强了板100的结构质量。
它们也有利于消除蜂窝结构130与表层120、110之间的接界面的缺陷。
在图4示出实施例的一个变体中,这些加强销30横向延伸到蜂窝结构130,并且方向垂直于板100的声阻层110和结构表层120的平面。
但是,也可以设想加强销30的其它方向。
这些加强销是金属材质。
它们的材质也可以是类似于构成结构表层120和声阻层110的材质。
在接下来的步骤204中,将每个加强销30分别且依次固定至板100的声阻层110和结构表层120。
固定步骤204可以使用任何已知焊接或钎焊工艺来进行,有利于保证每个销30和所述板100的结构表层之间的连续连接。
在图5a和5b中示出实施例的一个变体中,将每个加强销30焊接到所述板100的声阻层110和结构层120上,是使用TIG焊接类型的非耗材电极弧焊工艺来完成的,在图5b中的附图标记41表示所述填充焊丝。
然而,也可以设想其它类型的焊接方法。作为非限定性的实施例,可以用激光焊接或电阻焊来完成上述焊接。
所述焊接工艺对本领域技术人员来讲是公知的,在此之后将不详述,所使用的工具是如图5a和5b中示出的焊接炬40类型,也不需要描述。
但是,在氩气或氦气或它们的混合气流中使用所述焊接炬40时,该工具将被重新提起。
有利地,所述固定步骤204在受控气氛中进行,垂直于焊接表面的反面并在该焊接表面的反面上进行该步骤。
参考图5a,5b,8,和9,为了在受控气氛中执行焊接,拖尾保护型惰性气体扩散设备50被置于与在声阻层110的外表面111侧上的销30相垂直。
优选地,所述气体是氩气或氦气、或者是二者混合的保护气。
该设备50适于与焊接炬40配合,并使焊接垂直于焊接表面的反面并在焊接表面的反面上进行焊接。
设备50也可以与放置在所述板100反面上(即所述结构表层120的外表面121上)的惰性气体喷嘴60相配合。
所述惰性气体扩散设备50使得在每个销30和板100的构成表层之间的焊缝和焊点的热影响区在足够惰性的气氛中得以维持,以特别阻止裂纹产生。
这种设备50尤其包括装备有用于将气流注入到所述处理的板100上的装置53的局部扩散室52。
这个室52专注于位于声阻层110的穿孔113上的惰性外壳内的气体扩散,该惰性外壳比由与所述焊接炬40相关联的喷嘴提供的外壳大,以阻止裂纹产生。
这个室52可以是柔性的,从而能至少部分地适应已处理过的板的表面。
这个室52包括适合于容纳所述焊接炬40的外罩,允许它穿过所述室52,以便将焊接炬40带到接近待焊接的区域。
这个外罩由中心通孔51形成。
这个中心通孔可以是如图8和9中的管形,或者是如图5a和5b中的锥形。在本发明的范围内可以采用任何形状的孔。
气体注入装置53包括布置在室52外部的供给端和封装在室52内部的气体分配端。
这些注入装置53,在其分配端,包括容纳在所述室52内的扩散器54,即,用于将穿过室52进来的单向气流扩散并铺开。
有利地,这个扩散器54是安装在焊接炬40的外罩周围的扩散器,配置为保证非湍流的气体供入,即,在每个销30和板100相应的结构表层的焊缝上的层流扩散。
术语“安装在其周围”意思是所述扩散器54延伸到中心孔51的孔壁周围的至少部分或全部尤其如图8和9所示),该中心孔51的孔壁形成焊接炬40的外罩。
它可以安装在所述孔51的外周围或内周围。
因此,由于所述设备50,能胜过使用现有拖尾保护设备,现有拖尾保护设备的气体注入装置需要置于焊接炬后面,以保证所述气体层流扩散。
有利地,所述扩散器54适合于将气体间接地扩散到待焊接的部件。
这个扩散器包括环541,该环541与容纳所述焊接炬40的中心孔51同轴安装,这个环541包括在其周边朝向所述室的凹面的排气孔542,背向待焊接部件。
由于所述孔542,惰性气体的扩散不是朝向所述板100的表层的孔,而是与其相反,允许气体在室52中层流流动。
为封闭所述室52,所述设备包括带有通孔的蜂窝格栅543,该蜂窝格栅543位于面对待焊接的部件,以便通过所述设备执行焊接。
对于位于结构表层120侧面上的惰性气体喷嘴60,在加强销30固定到声阻层110上的时候,它还适合于通过加强销30上面的压力来动作。
因而,如图5b中箭头所示,惰性气体不但在焊接位置两侧循环,而且在蜂窝结构130的内部循环,在所述声阻层110和所述结构表层120的内表面和外表面循环,因而有利于限制任何焊接或钎焊裂纹产生。
发生焊接的气氛是受控的,并且能解决有关修复板100的污染的问题。
这给出了控制焊接执行的气氛的好处,并且如前面提到,有效阻止了任何氧化类型板的污染或任何裂纹的产生。
另外,密封装置61可以布置在室52周围,以保证室11一定程度的不透性。
优选的密封是可通过商业获取的垫圈。
也可能使用高温密封带或铝来局部提高密封性。
在图6中示出的接下步骤205中,当加强销30被焊接到声阻层110上后,对所述销30施加一个扭矩,使其在对应于结构表层120的一端断裂。
为促使该断裂,每个加强销30包括窄部31,该窄部31在所述销30的长度上的位置对应于所述板100的厚度,于是,一旦所述销30的该部分断裂,就制成了在穿孔123中位于所述结构表层120反面的销30的端部。
因为加强销30现在具有的尺寸与所述板100的尺寸相适应,所以在接下来的步骤206中,如图7所示,通过定位布置在所述板的声阻层110上的气体扩散设备50,在受控气氛中使用类似于之前焊接步骤204的焊接工艺,将所述销30固定到所述板100的结构表层120上。
根据本发明的声衰减板100的修复方法200,可以通过步骤207完成,该步骤修剪声阻层110和结构表层120的外表面111、121上的焊接点。
显然,本发明不限于上面示例描述的实施例的方法,相反,包括所有可能的变形。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于修复声衰减板(100)的方法(200),所述声衰减板(100)包括金属材质的结构表层(120)、金属材质的声阻层(110)和作为吸音材料的蜂窝结构(130),所述蜂窝结构(130)直接附加到所述结构表层(120)和所述声阻层(110)上,所述方法(200)的特征在于,包括:至少一个步骤(203),其中将至少一个加强销(30)插入到所述板(100)的厚度中,以及步骤(204,206),其中在受控气氛中通过焊接将所述销(30)分别固定至所述结构表层(120)和所述声阻层(110)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,将所述销(30)依次固定至所述板(100)的结构表层(120)和声阻层(110)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,将所述加强销(30)横向插入到所述蜂窝结构(130)中,并且将其定向为垂直于所述板(100)的结构表层(120)和声阻层(110)的平面。
4.根据权利要求1到3中任一项所述的方法,其中,在受控气氛中焊接加强销(30)的步骤(204)是垂直于焊接表面的反面且在焊接表面的反面上的焊接步骤。
5.根据权利要求4所述方法,其中,在将加强销(30)焊接到所述声阻层(110)上的焊接步骤(204)中,将惰性气体扩散设备(50)置于所述声阻层(110)上不同于焊接炬(40)的位置上,而将气体喷嘴(60)置于所述板(100)另一侧的结构表层(120)上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所扩散的气体是氩气或氦气,或者是二者的混合。
7.根据权利要求1所述方法,其中,在插入所述加强销(30)之前,在所述声阻层(110)和结构表层(120)中制作穿孔(201),所述穿孔的尺寸和形状与所述加强销(30)的尺寸和形状相匹配。
8.根据权利要求1所述方法,其中,在插入所述加强销(30)之前且继制作穿孔步骤之后,在所述声阻层(110)和结构表层(120)的内表面和外表面上执行去毛刺步骤(202)。
9.一种使用权利要求1到8所述的修理方法获得的声衰减板(100)。
10.一种装备如权利要求9所述的至少一个声衰减板的飞行器发动机舱。
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FR1150705A FR2970900B1 (fr) | 2011-01-31 | 2011-01-31 | Procede de reparation d'un panneau d'attenuation acoustique |
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PCT/FR2012/050191 WO2012104531A1 (fr) | 2011-01-31 | 2012-01-30 | Procédé de réparation d'un panneau d'atténuation acoustique |
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CN103338895A (zh) | 2013-10-02 |
FR2970900A1 (fr) | 2012-08-03 |
CA2825644A1 (fr) | 2012-08-09 |
RU2013139483A (ru) | 2015-03-10 |
US20130313039A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
WO2012104532A1 (fr) | 2012-08-09 |
RU2013139482A (ru) | 2015-03-10 |
WO2012104531A1 (fr) | 2012-08-09 |
CA2825574A1 (fr) | 2012-08-09 |
EP2670562A1 (fr) | 2013-12-11 |
BR112013017483A2 (pt) | 2016-10-04 |
US20130313229A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
US9145832B2 (en) | 2015-09-29 |
US8967330B2 (en) | 2015-03-03 |
FR2970888B1 (fr) | 2013-01-04 |
FR2970888A1 (fr) | 2012-08-03 |
EP2670563A1 (fr) | 2013-12-11 |
BR112013017485A2 (pt) | 2016-10-04 |
EP2670563B1 (fr) | 2019-11-20 |
FR2970900B1 (fr) | 2013-10-18 |
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