CN103353466A - Measuring method for heat flux density of solid metal - Google Patents
Measuring method for heat flux density of solid metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN103353466A CN103353466A CN2013102737821A CN201310273782A CN103353466A CN 103353466 A CN103353466 A CN 103353466A CN 2013102737821 A CN2013102737821 A CN 2013102737821A CN 201310273782 A CN201310273782 A CN 201310273782A CN 103353466 A CN103353466 A CN 103353466A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring method for the heat flux density of a solid metal. The method comprises the following steps: (A) determining a heat conductivity coefficient 1 (W/m. DEG C) of a to-be-measured object; (B) processing measuring holes; (C) respectively installing temperature measuring devices in the measuring holes; (D) respectively measuring temperatures at a point A and a point B by using the temperature measuring devices respectively located at the point A and the point B so as to obtain the temperature TA of the point A and the temperature TB of the point B; and (E) calculating heat flux density of the to-be-measured object in the direction from point A and point B according to a formula. According to the invention, existence of the measuring holes poses little influence on a to-be-measured solid, heat flux density between measured points in a metal solid can be accurately measured in real time, and a measuring apparatus used in the invention has the advantages of a simple structure, easily realizable manufacturing process, a wide measurement range of heat flux density, capacity of realizing high precision measurement of heat flux density in a range of 1 kW/m<2> to 10 MW/m<2> , high stability, good anti-interference capability, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the heat flow density fields of measurement, specifically a kind of measuring method of solid metallic heat flow density.
Background technology
Begin to utilize nuclear energy so far from the mankind, a lot of serious nuclear leakage accidents have occured in the whole world, such as U.S.'s Three Mile Island nuclear leakage accident, USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) Chernobyl nuclear leakage accident and Fukushima, Japan nuclear leakage accident.Can find by development and the processing procedure of analyzing above-mentioned nuclear leakage accident, the reactor core fused mass is trapped in the pressure vessel, guarantee the integrality of reactor pressure vessel, can greatly alleviate further developing and worsening of major accident.Now, be detained strategy in the existing comparatively complete reactor fused mass heap, affect the key point of being detained tactful success in the reactor fused mass heap and namely be pressure vessel low head outside surface flowing heat transfer characteristic and critical heat flux density.
In order to grasp low head outside surface flowing heat transfer characteristic and to obtain pressure vessel low head outside surface critical heat flux density limit value, measuring method in the urgent need to a kind of solid metallic heat flow density, the method must be measured the heat flow density that obtains between the inner measured point of metal solid in real time, accurately, to realize the experiment measuring of nuclear reactor pressure container low head outside surface critical heat flux density under the major accident condition.
Also do not measure at present measurement mechanism and the measuring method of solid metal heat flow density, do not have the related text record yet.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the measuring method that is applied to a kind of solid metallic heat flow density, reach and measure in real time, accurately the purpose that obtains heat flow density between the inner measured point of metal solid, to realize the experiment measuring of nuclear reactor pressure container low head outside surface critical heat flux density under the major accident condition.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of measuring method of solid metallic heat flow density may further comprise the steps:
(A) determine testee coefficient of heat conductivity l (W/m. ℃);
(B) processing of measured hole, the A point distance surperficial nearest apart from testee is LA, and the B point distance surperficial nearest apart from testee is LB, and A point to the distance between the B point is L;
(C) temperature measuring equipment is installed respectively in measured hole, the end of temperature measuring equipment lays respectively at A point, B point;
(D) be positioned at temperature measuring equipment that A point, B order and measure respectively the temperature that A point, B are ordered, obtaining A point temperature is TA, and B point temperature is TB;
(E) calculate in the testee A point to the heat flow density of B point direction according to following formula
Wherein, q is required heat flow density, and unit is W/m
2TA is A point temperature, and unit is ℃; TB is B point temperature, and unit is ℃; L is coefficient of heat conductivity, and unit is W/m. ℃; L is the length that the A point is ordered to B, and unit is m.
The measuring method of a kind of solid metallic heat flow density of the present invention, when in air dielectric, working, testee can be charged or non-charged metal, normal temperature～600 ℃, at first obtain its corresponding coefficient of heat conductivity l according to concrete testee, then choose arbitrarily two measured points, A point and B point, process measured hole, then temperature measuring equipment is installed in the measured hole, by temperature measuring equipment measured temperature is transmitted out in real time, just can calculate in the testee A point to the heat flow density of B point direction according to formula, in the method, because the diameter of measured hole is far smaller than tested solid metal, therefore, the existence of measured hole is less on tested solid impact, can be real-time, the accurate heat flow density that obtains between the inner measured point of metal solid of measuring, the measurement mechanism temperature measurement structure is simple, is easy to realize, very little on tested metal inside Temperature Distribution impact, manufacturing process is easy to realization, and the heat flow density measurement range is wide, can be for 1kW/m
2～10MW/m
2Between heat flow density carry out high-acruracy survey, because the thermocouple wire in the temperature measuring equipment is wrapped in the armouring thermocouple shell, also be provided with insulating sleeve outside the armouring thermocouple shell, insulating sleeve is not so that temperature measuring equipment directly contacts testee, can be so that temperature survey be subjected to the current interference of testee when testee is charged, armouring thermocouple enclosure material is metal, when there is the interference of electromagnetic field in measurement environment, thermocouple wire is wrapped in the armouring thermocouple shell can so that temperature survey is not subjected to the interference of electromagnetic field, therefore have stability high, the advantage that antijamming capability is strong.
In the described step (B), under the prerequisite that satisfies measuring accuracy demand and antijamming capability, select the solid metallic inside temperature measurement device of external diameter minimum, the insulating sleeve external diameter of temperature measuring equipment is d as far as possible, and the d span is 5 10
-4～2 10
-3M.A point measurement hole begins to form to A point direction drilling blind hole from the nearest part of testee surface distance A point, and blind hole depth is LA, and blind hole diameter is D, D=d+e, and e is for installing allowance, and the e span is 2 10
-5～5 10
-5M, blind-hole bottom is processed into flat; B point measurement hole is to begin to B point direction drilling blind hole from the nearest part of testee surface distance B point, and blind hole depth is LB, and blind hole diameter is D, D=d+e, and e is for installing allowance, and the e span is 2 10
-5～5 10
-5M, blind-hole bottom is processed into flat.For so that simple installation, can consider the installation allowance of blind hole diameter, the span that allowance is installed provides according to the existing machinery working ability, can comprehensively determine according to work on the spot environment and economic benefit during practical operation.
In the described step (C), temperature measuring equipment comprises thermocouple wire, is set with insulating sleeve at thermocouple wire, between the measured hole of tested metal and insulating sleeve armouring thermocouple shell is installed also.Employing is carried out thermometric purpose with the thermopair of armouring shell, when there is the interference of electromagnetic field in measurement environment, has stronger antijamming capability with the thermopair of armouring shell.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
The measuring method of a kind of solid metallic heat flow density of the present invention, because the diameter of measured hole is far smaller than tested solid metal, therefore, the existence of measured hole is less on tested solid impact, can measure in real time, accurately the heat flow density that obtains between the inner measured point of metal solid, measurement mechanism is simple in structure, be easy to realize, very little on tested metal inside Temperature Distribution impact, manufacturing process is easy to realize, the heat flow density measurement range is wide, can be for 1kW/m
2～10MW/m
2Between heat flow density carry out high-acruracy survey, the advantage that has also that stability is high, antijamming capability is strong etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the mounting structure schematic diagram of measurement mechanism of the present invention.
Mark and corresponding parts title in the accompanying drawing:
1-tested metal, 2-insulating sleeve, 3-armouring thermocouple shell, 4-thermocouple wire.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the measuring method of a kind of solid metallic heat flow density of the present invention realizes according to following steps: (A) determine testee coefficient of heat conductivity l (W/m. ℃).Measurement mechanism is worked in air dielectric, and testee can be charged or non-live metal, and working temperature is normal temperature～600 ℃.According to national Specification, the coefficient of heat conductivity of testee to be examined and determine, the testee coefficient of heat conductivity is l (W/m. ℃) under the acquisition working condition;
(B) processing of measured hole under the prerequisite that satisfies measuring accuracy demand and antijamming capability, is selected the solid metallic inside temperature measurement device of external diameter minimum as far as possible, and the insulating sleeve external diameter of temperature measuring equipment is d, and the d span is 5 10
-4～2 10
-3M.Suppose that the A point distance surperficial nearest apart from testee is LA, the B point distance surperficial nearest apart from testee is LB, A point to the distance between the B point is L, begin to A point direction drilling blind hole from the nearest part of testee surface distance A point, blind hole depth is LA, and blind hole diameter is D, D=d+e, e is for installing allowance, and the e span is 2 10
-5～5 10
-5M, blind-hole bottom need be processed into flat, and tapering must not be arranged; Begin to B point direction drilling blind hole from the nearest part of testee surface distance B point, blind hole depth is LB, and blind hole diameter is D, D=d+e, and e is for installing allowance, and the e span is 2 10
-5～5 10
-5M, blind-hole bottom need be processed into flat, and tapering must not be arranged;
(C) temperature measuring equipment is installed respectively in measured hole, the thermometric end of temperature measuring equipment lays respectively at A point, B point, temperature measuring equipment comprises thermocouple wire 4, be set with armouring thermocouple shell 3 at thermocouple wire 4, the armouring thermocouple shell 3 outer insulating sleeves 2 that are set with, the length of insulating sleeve 2 is greater than the degree of depth of measured hole, and the length of armouring thermocouple shell 3 is greater than the length of insulating sleeve 2, and insulating sleeve 2 is fixed in the measured hole of tested metal 1;
(D) be positioned at temperature measuring equipment that A point, B order and measure respectively the temperature that A point, B are ordered, obtaining A point temperature is TA, and B point temperature is TB, and real-time temperature T A, TB is transmitted out;
(E) according to the real time temperature data TA, the TB that pass out, utilize following formula to calculate in the testee A point to the heat flow density of B point direction
Wherein, q is required heat flow density, and unit is W/m
2TA is A point temperature, and unit is ℃; TB is B point temperature, and unit is ℃; L is coefficient of heat conductivity, and unit is W/m. ℃; L is the length that the A point is ordered to B, and unit is m, according to the heat flow density q that obtains, can adjust the febrile state of analog device, thereby simulates more truly nuclear reactor pressure container low head outside surface critical heat flux density under the major accident condition.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not the present invention is done any pro forma restriction, and any simple modification, the equivalent variations on every foundation technical spirit of the present invention above embodiment done all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the measuring method of a solid metallic heat flow density is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(A) determine testee coefficient of heat conductivity l (W/m. ℃);
(B) processing of measured hole, the A point distance surperficial nearest apart from testee is LA, and the B point distance surperficial nearest apart from testee is LB, and A point to the distance between the B point is L;
(C) temperature measuring equipment is installed respectively in measured hole, the end of temperature measuring equipment lays respectively at A point, B point;
(D) be positioned at temperature measuring equipment that A point, B order and measure respectively the temperature that A point, B are ordered, obtaining A point temperature is TA, and B point temperature is TB;
(E) calculate in the testee A point to the heat flow density of B point direction according to following formula
Wherein, q is required heat flow density, and unit is W/m
2TA is A point temperature, and unit is ℃; TB is B point temperature, and unit is ℃; L is coefficient of heat conductivity, and unit is W/m. ℃; L is the length that the A point is ordered to B, and unit is m.
2. the measuring method of a kind of solid metallic heat flow density according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (B), A point measurement hole begins to form to A point direction drilling blind hole from the nearest part of testee surface distance A point, blind hole depth is LA, blind hole diameter is D, D=d+e, e is for installing allowance, and the e span is 2 10
-5～5 10
-5M, blind-hole bottom is processed into flat; B point measurement hole is to begin to B point direction drilling blind hole from the nearest part of testee surface distance B point, and blind hole depth is LB, and blind hole diameter is D, D=d+e, and e is for installing allowance, and the e span is 2 10
-5～5 10
-5M, blind-hole bottom is processed into flat.
3. the measuring method of a kind of solid metallic heat flow density according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described step (C), temperature measuring equipment comprises thermocouple wire (4), be set with armouring thermocouple shell (3) at thermocouple wire (4), between the measured hole of tested metal (1) and armouring thermocouple shell (3), insulating sleeve (2) be installed also.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106055850A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-10-26 | 西安交通大学 | Method for acquiring departure from nucleate boiling type critical heat flux density |
| CN108088579A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-29 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | A kind of combined type heat-flow density sensor and measuring method based on stratification temperature response |
| CN111707706A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-25 | 西安交通大学 | Heat flux density measuring device with thermal radiation shield and method |
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| CN101608953A (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2009-12-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | The measuring method and the device of a kind of firing chamber internal face temperature and heat flux distribution |
| CN202372272U (en) * | 2011-08-16 | 2012-08-08 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Apparatus for measuring wall temperature of minor-diameter metal ball inside alternate magnetic field |
| CN102879129A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2013-01-16 | 国核华清（北京）核电技术研发中心有限公司 | Heat flux density measurement device and method |
| CN202720902U (en) * | 2012-02-06 | 2013-02-06 | 国核华清（北京）核电技术研发中心有限公司 | Composite material heating block and critical heat flux (CHF) density measuring or estimating device |
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2013
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2938049Y (en) * | 2006-04-26 | 2007-08-22 | 薛健 | Cotact surface temp measuring device |
| CN101349663A (en) * | 2007-07-19 | 2009-01-21 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for measuring coefficient of secondary cooling area for continuous casting |
| CN101608953A (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2009-12-23 | 北京航空航天大学 | The measuring method and the device of a kind of firing chamber internal face temperature and heat flux distribution |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106055850A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2016-10-26 | 西安交通大学 | Method for acquiring departure from nucleate boiling type critical heat flux density |
| CN106055850B (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2019-01-08 | 西安交通大学 | A method of obtaining departure nucleate boiling type critical heat flux density |
| CN108088579A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-29 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | A kind of combined type heat-flow density sensor and measuring method based on stratification temperature response |
| CN108088579B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2023-10-10 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Combined type heat flux density sensor based on layered temperature response and measuring method |
| CN111707706A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-25 | 西安交通大学 | Heat flux density measuring device with thermal radiation shield and method |
| CN111707706B (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2021-11-30 | 西安交通大学 | Heat flux density measuring device with thermal radiation shield and method |
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Application publication date: 20131016 |