CN103343189B - 一种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法 - Google Patents

一种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法 Download PDF

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CN103343189B
CN103343189B CN201310303878.8A CN201310303878A CN103343189B CN 103343189 B CN103343189 B CN 103343189B CN 201310303878 A CN201310303878 A CN 201310303878A CN 103343189 B CN103343189 B CN 103343189B
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laser shock
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CN103343189A (zh
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戴峰泽
邢佳
温德平
张永康
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Dongtai Chengdong science and Technology Pioneer Park Management Co.,Ltd.
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Jiangsu University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法，包括以下步骤：先采用峰值压力大于2.5HEL的较高功率密度的激光对厚度大于3毫米的金属工件逐点进行激光冲击强化；再采用峰值压力为1.5~2HEL的较低功率密度的激光在同样的位置对工件进行激光冲击强化。本发明在获得较大残余压应力层深度的同时，避免了表面出现“残余应力空洞”，可应用于提高金属厚板件的疲劳寿命。

Description

一种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法
技术领域
本发明属于激光加工技术领域，具体涉及一种激光冲击强化技术。
背景技术
激光冲击强化是一种新型的材料表面强化技术，可以在金属制件表面获得高幅残余压应力层，大大提高制件的疲劳寿命，与常规喷丸技术相比，其残余压应力层更深；激光冲击的原理是利用脉冲激光在约束状态下跟吸收层产生等离子爆炸，可产生强度高达几个吉帕斯卡的压力，该压力通过吸收层传播至工件，可对工件表层产生高幅残余压应力，由于吸收层的保护作用，工件表面不会受到热灼烧，激光冲击中脉冲激光的能量一般为1~100J，脉宽为10~30ns，约束层材料一般为水膜或玻璃，吸收层材料为铝箔或其他对激光有良好吸收作用的材料。21世纪初，美国将激光冲击技术应用到F101、F119和F414发动机叶片的强化和再制造上。
激光冲击强化金属时，残余压应力层的深度随着峰值压力的增大而增大，但是，当激光冲击强化的峰值压力超过2.5HEL时，冲击波在激光光斑边缘的反射将会导致激光冲击强化中心区域残余压应力的缺失，即所谓的“残余应力空洞”，造成中间区域残余压应力的值很小甚至为正值，这将缩短金属件的疲劳寿命。通常，为避免在激光冲击强化金属表面时产生“残余应力空洞”，峰值压力一般为2~2.5HEL[1]，HEL为材料的雨贡纽极限。
[1] P. Peyre, R. Fabbro, P. Merrien, H.P. Lieurade, Laser shock processing of aluminium alloys, application to high cycle fatigue behaviour, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 210 (1996) 102-113 。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法，避免强化中心区域出现“残余应力空洞”，提高金属件的疲劳寿命。
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明先采用较高功率密度的激光对工件待处理表面进行逐点激光冲击强化，然后采用较低功率密度的激光在同样的位置对工件进行逐点激光冲击强化，具体技术方案如下：
一种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
步骤一，采用能产生峰值压力大于2.5HEL的激光功率密度对工件待处理表面进行逐点激光冲击强化；
步骤二，采用能产生峰值压力为1~2.5HEL的激光功率密度对工件待处理表面进行逐点激光冲击强化；
厚板的材质为金属且厚度大于3mm。
所述步骤二中能产生的优选峰值压力为1.5~2HEL。
所述的激光冲击强化其激光脉宽为10~30ns，单脉冲能量为1~100J。
采用较低功率密度的激光处理工件时，必须在同样的位置对工件进行激光冲击强化，以保证消除每一个激光光斑中间区域的“残余应力空洞”。
本发明具有有益效果。本发明的组合式激光冲击强化厚板，采用较高功率密度采用较低功率密度的激光处理工件时，在同样的位置对工件进行激光冲击强化，在获得较大残余压应力层深度的同时，保证消除每一个激光光斑中间区域的“残余应力空洞”。
附图说明
图1是本发明的组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法示意图；
图2是在不同方法激光冲击处理后深度方向的残余应力分布图。
具体实施方式
为更好的阐述本发明的实施细节，下面结合附图对本发明的一种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法进行详细说明。
以激光冲击强化厚度为3毫米的A304不锈钢板为例。本实例中A304不锈钢屈服强度为310兆帕斯卡，雨贡纽极限HEL为800兆帕斯卡；激光器的脉宽10纳秒，聚焦后光斑在直径为3毫米。
实施本发明的一种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法执行以下步骤：
1）在工件待处理表面覆盖一层厚度为100微米的铝箔，并打开水龙头，在铝箔表面形成厚度约为1毫米的稳定水膜；
2）将激光器的输出能量设定为6焦/脉冲，其产生的峰值压力约为3.5吉帕斯卡，即4.4HEL，对A304不锈钢工件进行激光冲击强化；
3）将激光器的输出能量设定为2焦/脉冲，其产生的峰值压力约为1.2吉帕斯卡，即1.5HEL，对步骤2经激光冲击处理的同一位置进行第二次激光冲击强化；
4）作为比对，在工件的另外两个不同的位置分别采用能量为6焦/脉冲和3焦/脉冲进行激光冲击处理；
5）将步骤3和步骤4所获得的三个直径为3毫米的圆形区域沿深度进行残余应力测量，测量位置为激光冲击强化区域中心位置，测量的方法为逐层电解抛光。
测量结果如图2所示，由图可知，采用本发明的一种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法后，其残余压应力层深度约为1.43mm，而且没有产生“残余应力空洞”；而采用2.2HEL进行激光冲击强化的区域，虽然没有产生“残余应力空洞”，但是其残余压应力深度仅为1.04mm；采用4.4HEL峰值压力单独进行激光冲击强化的区域，虽然残余压应力深度高达1.58mm，但是在表层附件产生了“残余应力空洞”。采用本发明的种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法后，提高了残余压应力深度，并消除了“残余应力空洞”。

Claims (3)

1.一种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
步骤一，采用能产生峰值压力大于2.5HEL的激光功率密度对工件待处理表面进行逐点激光冲击强化；
步骤二，采用能产生峰值压力为1~2.5HEL的激光功率密度对工件待处理表面进行逐点激光冲击强化；
厚板的材质为金属且厚度大于3mm。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中能产生的优选峰值压力为1.5~2HEL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种组合式激光冲击强化厚板的方法，其特征在于，所述的激光冲击强化其激光脉宽为10~30ns，单脉冲能量为1~100J。
 
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