CN103335941A - Simulation measurement apparatus and measurement method for iron tower zinc plating steel plate static friction coefficient - Google Patents
Simulation measurement apparatus and measurement method for iron tower zinc plating steel plate static friction coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN103335941A CN103335941A CN 201310175704 CN201310175704A CN103335941A CN 103335941 A CN103335941 A CN 103335941A CN 201310175704 CN201310175704 CN 201310175704 CN 201310175704 A CN201310175704 A CN 201310175704A CN 103335941 A CN103335941 A CN 103335941A
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 30
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 138
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 claims description 138
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a simulation measurement apparatus for an iron tower zinc plating steel plate static friction coefficient, and a method for measuring an iron tower zinc plating steel plate static friction coefficient by using the simulation measurement apparatus, wherein the simulation measurement apparatus is installed in a tension tester, and a pressure sensor is adopted to measure. According to the present invention, the method can be implemented in a laboratory, operations are convenient, the measurement result is accurate, and guiding significance is provided for evaluation of the whole structure and stability of the iron tower.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of analogue measurement device of iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction, and the method for using this analogue measurement measurement device iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction.
Background technology
Iron tower connects together with main material, main material main material by bolt with oblique material, tie point is referred to as node, by gusset plate upper and lower main material is linked together when main material is connected with main material.The friction force transmission that shearing force and the bolt pretightening of main material power transmission by bolt compresses tower material surface of contact.When bolt pretightening was enough big, mode of transfer force should be based on friction force between the tower material; When tower material interphase interaction power during greater than its maximum static friction force, slippage will take place in the tower material, and the mode of transfer force between the tower material will change over the shearing power transmission of bolt, influence the serviceable life of bolt.Therefore when the actual use of iron tower, the node mode of transfer force is vital for iron tower one-piece construction and stability, just need assess the coefficient of static friction of iron tower steel plate when the design iron tower.
The method of measuring friction factor at present has two kinds usually: 1) exert pressure by weight, measure the stiction that object begins to take place relative motion, try to achieve coefficient of static friction; 2) weight is placed the inclined-plane, adjust bevel angle and make weight generation relative motion, this moment, the tan of bevel angle was exactly coefficient of static friction.But this two kinds of method unit areas institute can applied pressures can not infinitely be increased by the heavy substance quantitative limitation, however coefficient of static friction under the height contact pressure be different under the gravity institute applied pressure.Also do not simulate at present the method that the steel tower corner iron actual condition is measured iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction under the high contact pressure.
If two surfaces are static each other, contact between that two surface is local can to form a strong adhesion---stiction, just can make a surface to another apparent motion unless destroyed adhesion, destroy power that adhesion makes its motion moment the ratio of the vertical force of surface thereof be called coefficient of static friction μ s, concern as follows:
f =μs·P
μ s---coefficient of static friction;
F---friction force, the newton of unit (N);
P---surperficial vertical force, the newton of unit (N).
And this destructive power also is the power that will make the maximum of object startup, and we are this power again is maximum static friction force.
Summary of the invention
But analogue measurement device and the measuring method of iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction under the high contact pressure in the simulation actual condition of testing laboratory's operation that technical problem underlying to be solved by this invention provides a kind of easy to operate, result accurately and repeatability is strong.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Analogue measurement device of the present invention is made up of last galvanized steel plain sheet, middle galvanized steel plain sheet, following galvanized steel plain sheet, sleeve and pressure transducer; The upper end of the bottom of galvanized steel plain sheet and following galvanized steel plain sheet is provided with the bolt hole of equal diameters respectively on described, is provided with the bolt hole that equates with described diameter of bolt hole respectively in the upper and lower end portion of middle galvanized steel plain sheet; Described sleeve, pressure transducer, last galvanized steel plain sheet are connected with first nut by first bolt successively with middle galvanized steel plain sheet upper end; The galvanized steel plain sheet bottom is connected with second nut by second bolt with following galvanized steel plain sheet in described.
Further, be equipped with first packing ring on first bolt during analogue measurement device of the present invention is described between galvanized steel plain sheet and first nut, second bolt between middle galvanized steel plain sheet and second nut is equipped with second packing ring.
Further, the described width last, the following galvanized steel plain sheet of neutralization of analogue measurement device of the present invention is 120mm, and thickness is 10mm, and the diameter of described each bolt hole is 21.5mm.
Further, the specification of described each bolt of analogue measurement device of the present invention, each nut and each packing ring is M20, and is zinc-plated.
Measuring method of the present invention comprises the steps:
Step 1: go up the upper end of galvanized steel plain sheet and the lower end of following galvanized steel plain sheet is folded in respectively in the last anchor clamps and lower clamp of cupping machine with described, the output cable of described pressure transducer is connected with the respective input of cupping machine;
Step 2: make upper and lower galvanized steel plain sheet be in the center of described upper and lower anchor clamps, described upper and lower anchor clamps are in clamped condition; First, second bolt is in loosening state; Use torque spanner to make second bolt locked fully, namely in, galvanized steel plain sheet does not produce slip under state of nature down; Apply the pulling force of 80 ~ 100KN by cupping machine to described analogue measurement device then, with in eliminating in the follow-up test, the relative slip of galvanized steel plain sheet down;
Step 3: adjust first bolt, make the bolt hole of galvanized steel plain sheet and the middle galvanized steel plain sheet 0.5 ~ 2mm that staggers mutually; First bolt is applied the screw-down torque of 0 ~ 380Nm, show the pretightning force P of this moment by pressure transducer
0
Step 4: adopt cupping machine with the loading velocity of 0.1mm/min ~ 1mm/min to described analogue measurement device loading force, the power F that loads when increasing by displacement in the testing machine software records process of the test in the cupping machine; When the slip between last galvanized steel plain sheet and the middle galvanized steel plain sheet is subjected to the galvanized bolt obstruction, stop test;
Step 5: the data according to the step 4 gained are drawn force-displacement curve, and the corresponding power value of first platform is the friction force between galvanized steel plain sheet and the middle galvanized steel plain sheet in the curve
f
Step 6: according to the pretightning force P of formula (1), step 3 gained
0Friction force with the step 5 gained
f, the coefficient of static friction μ s in the calculating between galvanized steel plain sheet and the middle galvanized steel plain sheet;
μs =
f / P
0 (1)
μ s---coefficient of static friction;
f---go up, the friction force of middle galvanized steel plain sheet the N of unit;
P
0---the pretightning force of first bolt, the N of unit.
Further, measuring method of the present invention is the nominal pressure sensor before the beginning step 3, presses anchor clamps described pressure transducer to be applied the power P of 0 ~ 180KN by cupping machine
0, and the voltage U of the different power lower pressure sensor of the software records by cupping machine, according to the power of gained and the data of voltage, drafting power-voltage curve, and obtain power-voltage relationship formula (2) according to curve;
U=
kF+b (2)
The voltage that U---pressure transducer shows, the V of unit;
The power that F---cupping machine applies, the N of unit;
k---coefficient, the V/N of unit;
B---power is the initial voltage of pressure transducer demonstration in 0 o'clock, the V of unit.
Further, the power that applies of the described cupping machine of measuring method of the present invention is pulling force or pressure.
Further, in the step 7 of measuring method of the present invention cupping machine with the loading velocity of 0.5mm/min to described analogue measurement device loading force.
Galvanized steel plain sheet in the measurement mechanism of the present invention, the connection of screw bolt and nut, the connected mode of the iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet under the simulation actual condition.
The main effect of sleeve of the present invention is that bolt pretightening is passed to sensor, and connects upward galvanized bolt and pressure transducer.
Cupping machine of the present invention can be exerted pressure or pulling force to last galvanized steel plain sheet and following galvanized steel plain sheet, and the testing machine software of its outfit can omnidistance record process of the test, is convenient to analyze the friction force of generation slip between the change of the actual mode of transfer force of steel plate and steel plate.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Method of the present invention provides a kind of testing laboratory of simulating actual condition to measure the method for iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction, can determine the mode of transfer force of iron tower node easily, assesses its serviceable life.
Method repeatability of the present invention is strong, can repeat test of many times, and the experimental result of different tests is carried out drawing trial value behind the linear fit, further improves the accuracy of data.
Description of drawings
The structural representation of accompanying drawing 1 embodiment of the invention 1;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the left view of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Power-voltage calibration curve that accompanying drawing 3 is drawn for the embodiment of the invention 3 step 3;
Accompanying drawing 4-1 is pulling force-displacement curve that the first time, test was drawn of embodiment 3;
Accompanying drawing 4-2 is pulling force-displacement curve that the second time, test was drawn of embodiment 3;
Pulling force-displacement curve that accompanying drawing 4-3 draws for the test for the third time of embodiment 3;
Pulling force-displacement curve that accompanying drawing 4-4 draws for the 4th test of embodiment 3;
Accompanying drawing 5 is the normalization model curve of the pulling force-displacement relation of embodiment 3 draftings;
Accompanying drawing 6-1 is the friction force-pretightning force graph of a relation of the test first time of embodiment 3;
Accompanying drawing 6-2 is the friction force-pretightning force graph of a relation of the test second time of embodiment 3;
Accompanying drawing 6-3 is the friction force-pretightning force graph of a relation of test for the third time of embodiment 3;
Accompanying drawing 6-4 is the friction force-pretightning force graph of a relation of the 4th test of embodiment 3;
In the accompanying drawings, galvanized steel plain sheet in the galvanized steel plain sheet, 2 on 1,3 times galvanized steel plain sheets, 4 first bolts, 5 first nuts, 6 sleeves, 7 pressure transducers, 8 first packing rings, 9 second bolts, 10 second nuts, 11 second packing rings.
Embodiment
As accompanying drawing 1,2, analogue measurement device of the present invention is made up of last galvanized steel plain sheet 1, middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2, following galvanized steel plain sheet 3, sleeve 6 and pressure transducer 7; The upper end of the bottom of galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and following galvanized steel plain sheet 3 is provided with the bolt hole of equal diameters respectively on described, in the upper and lower end portion of zinc-plated dry plate 2 be provided with the bolt hole that equates with described diameter of bolt hole respectively; Described sleeve 6, pressure transducer 7, last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 are connected with first nut 5 by first bolt 4 successively with middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 upper ends; Galvanized steel plain sheet 2 bottoms are connected with second nut 10 by second bolt 9 with following galvanized steel plain sheet 3 in described.First bolt 4 in described between galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and first nut 5 is equipped with first packing ring 8; second bolt 9 between middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and second nut 5 is equipped with second packing ring 11; first packing ring 8 and second packing ring 11 be for the protection of steel plate, and further simulate actual condition.The width of the last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 of analogue measurement device, middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and following galvanized steel plain sheet 3 is 120mm, and thickness is 10mm, and the diameter of described each bolt hole is 21.5mm.
The difference of embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 only is between steel plate and nut packing ring not to be set, and can stop test when being obstructed owing to the slip between last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2, therefore removes the accuracy that packing ring does not influence test figure.
Use the analogue measurement device of embodiment 1 to carry out the measurement of iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction under the high contact pressure.
Step 1: go up the upper end of galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and the lower end of following galvanized steel plain sheet 3 is folded in respectively in the last anchor clamps and lower clamp of cupping machine with described, the output cable of described pressure transducer 7 is connected with the respective input of cupping machine.The last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 of present embodiment, middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and following galvanized steel plain sheet 3 all adopt width 120mm, the galvanized steel plain sheet of thickness 10mm, and opening diameter Ф 21.5mm adopts punching technology, and first perforate is zinc-plated again.The specification of first bolt 4 of present embodiment, first nut 5, first packing ring 8, second bolt 9, second nut 10 and second packing ring 11 is M20, and is zinc-plated, many covers.The sensor 7 of present embodiment is the BSQ-2 sensor, and range is 200kN, uses the CMT5205 cupping machine to demarcate.
Step 2: make galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and following galvanized steel plain sheet 3 be in described center of going up anchor clamps and lower clamp, described upper and lower anchor clamps are in clamped condition; First, second bolt is in loosening state.Use torque spanner to make second bolt 9 locked fully, namely middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and following galvanized steel plain sheet 3 do not produce slip under trystate; Wherein employed torque spanner is TLB500Nm, and second bolt 9 is 6.8 grade bolts, and the maximum screw-down torque of 6.8 grade bolts is 362.21 Nm, and torque spanner surpasses 400 Nm to the moment that second bolt 9 applies, and makes second bolt 9 locked fully.Use cupping machine that the analogue measurement device is applied the pulling force of 80～100kN, the relative slip of galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and following galvanized steel plain sheet 3 in the elimination then.
Step 3: present embodiment uses the CMT5205 cupping machine to demarcate, and presses anchor clamps described pressure transducer to be applied the power P of 0 ~ 180KN by cupping machine
0, pressure increases 10kN at every turn, record primary transducer voltage, and calibration result sees Table 1.Because the employed maximum pull of follow-up test step of present embodiment is 70KN, therefore when curve plotting, get the pressure limit of 0 ~ 70KN and demarcate, the pressure-voltage curve of drafting draws the relational expression of pressure-voltage as shown in Figure 3 according to formula (2).
U=
kF+b (2)
The voltage that U---pressure transducer shows, the V of unit;
The power that F---cupping machine applies, the N of unit;
k---coefficient, the V/N of unit;
B---power is the initial voltage of pressure transducer demonstration in 0 o'clock, the V of unit.
The relational expression of the pressure-voltage of present embodiment is: U=0.028 P
0+ 0.0254.
Pressure and sensor voltage that table 1 cupping machine timing signal detects
Step 4: galvanized bolt 4 in the adjustment, make galvanized steel plain sheet 1 produce the 2mm displacement downwards, make the bolt hole of galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 2mm that staggers mutually, this displacement does not influence the installation of first bolt 4, and makes galvanized steel plain sheet 1 obtain the slippage of maximum.Use torque spanner that first bolt 4 is applied the screw-down torque Mt that is no more than 380Nm, show pretightning force P by pressure transducer 7
0
Present embodiment has carried out four tests, and each test repeatedly repeats.The pretightning force P of each double counting gained
0As shown in table 2.The employed bolt of each embodiment, nut difference, the bolt pretightening difference that produces.
Step 5: adopt the CMT5205 cupping machine with the loading velocity of 0.5mm/min to described analogue measurement device loading force, the stress of this loading velocity during near the actual use of tower material.The power F that loads when increasing by displacement in the testing machine software records process of the test in the cupping machine.
Draw pulling force-displacement curve, shown in the curve 1 of accompanying drawing 4-1.In the elastic deformation stage of steel plate, when power increased gradually, last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 slided, and from every curve, were arranged a plateau tangible, that slowly rise, and displacement increases, but power changes not quite.Every curve has three plateaus, raises gradually; The video analysis of recording during from test, the generation of three plateaus are that slip causes owing to taking place relatively between the different faces.First plateau is to go up to take place between galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and the middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 to slide relatively; When power continuation increase, the surface of contact between middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and first packing ring 8 also begins to slide, and second plateau occur; After power continued to increase, the surface of contact between last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and the sleeve 6 begins to slide, and the 3rd plateau occur, and was last, because first bolt 4 has limited the slip of last galvanized steel plain sheet 1, is subjected to the shearing force effect, and last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 bears pulling force and continues elastic deformation.According to the pulling force-displacement curve relation of test, can do normalized to the factor that last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 slides.Fig. 5 is the normalization model curve of pulling force-displacement relation, wherein 1. step represents the friction force between galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and the middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2, friction force during 2. step is represented between galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and first packing ring 8,3. step represents the friction force between galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and the sleeve 6,4. the abrupt slope is represented because first bolt 4 has limited the slip of steel plate, be subjected to the shearing force effect, last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 bear pulling force when continuing elastic deformation suffered pulling force.
Therefore, in pulling force-displacement curve first plateau corresponding power be and overcome friction between galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and the middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and produce the power of sliding relatively, the friction force between the steel plate that just needs to study, so friction force between steel plate
fShould be in the curve power value of first correspondence, the stain among Fig. 4-1 is the friction force of getting plateau
fThe position.
When pulling force surpasses maximum static friction force between steel plate, last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 under the pulling force effect with the relative slip of middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 generations, maximum static friction force is definite value in theory, so in the steel plate sliding process, the power value does not increase, change in displacement; Slip when between steel plate is subjected to bolt and hinders, and slides between galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and first packing ring 8 during the pulling force increase can make, and can stop test this moment.
Unclamp first bolt 4, first bolt 4 is tightened in the displacement zero clearing again, increase repeats above-mentioned steps to the screw-down torque of first bolt 4, repeatedly measures the friction force between the steel plate, draw pulling force-displacement curve, obtain the 2nd～5 curve among Fig. 4-1, finish process of the test for the first time.Change first bolt 4, repeat above-mentioned test procedure 5 times, obtain 5 curves testing for the second time among Fig. 4-2; Fig. 4-3 is 8 curves testing for the third time.According to above-mentioned test, when the slip between last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and the middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 was subjected to galvanized bolt 4 obstructions, after 2 of last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheets changed the shearing power transmission into, pulling force can increase gradually, can stop this moment loading, and finished to test.Therefore, the slip during the 4th test between last galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 has stopped test when being obstructed, and has obtained 6 curves as Fig. 4-4.Four measured friction force of test
fAs shown in table 2.
Table 2 has provided friction force between the bolt pretightening P0 under the different screw-down torque effects, steel plate
f, Fig. 6-1,6-2,6-3,6-4 are respectively the pretightning force-friction force graph of a relation of four tests, test employed first bolt, 4 differences at every turn, according to formula (1) it are carried out linear match, draw coefficient of static friction μ s between 4 groups of test light plates.
μs =
f / P
0 (1)
μ s---coefficient of static friction;
f---go up the friction force between galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and the middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2, the N of unit;
P
0---the pretightning force of first bolt 4, the N of unit.
Coefficientoffriction s test findings between table 2 steel plate
By to friction force
fWith pretightning force P
0Linear fit, coefficientoffriction s=0.71～0.77 that obtains.The coefficient of static friction that shows the dry friction of zinc and zinc in the data is 0.6, and the test data of surveying are higher than this theoretical value.In pretightning force hour, the actual measurement coefficient of static friction is less than 0.6, and minimum is 0.44.As can be seen from Figure 6, along with the increase of test number (TN), the discreteness of friction factor reduces gradually, and is as follows with regard to the variance analysis of trial value and theoretical value:
1) in theory, friction factor is a constant that is determined by surface of contact, and with contact area, pressure is all irrelevant.And any plane all is not absolute plane, is uneven surface at microscopically, and therefore the contact on two planes is the some contact, but not the face contact.When pretightning force hour, the contact force between steel plate is little, two surface of steel plate only come in contact at contact point, and total contact area of these contact points only accounts for the minimum part of the total surface area that contact profile limits.Along with pressure increases, make that surface metal begins distortion between steel plate, polish, the diameter of each contact point increases, and the contact point number increases, and contact area is increased, and friction factor also increases thereupon.Therefore the friction factor hour surveyed of pretightning force is lower than theoretical value.
2) along with the increase of pretightning force, the pretightning force that surpasses 1 ton is pressed on the plane of 120mm * 120mm, and applies by bolt; Because the surface of contact unbalance stress, near the position of bolt hole, the pressure on the unit area then will surpass this pressure, and the friction factor of this moment is measured under height contact pressure.Contact between the solid is flexible-characteristic of plasticity, when pressure hour contact point rely on the elastic deformation of protuberance itself to be in contact with one another.Under height contact pressure, the contact area between steel plate increases significantly, and the contact between the molecule not only has been intermolecular attractive force and elastic deformation; Because pressure increases, make the complete interlock of sags and crests on the surface of contact, surface metal slides by overcoming the intermolecular adhesion that intermolecular attractive force becomes the deface metal, become plastic yield by elastic deformation, sags and crests between steel plate is polished, contact between the steel plate is tightr, and contact area further increases, and makes friction force further increase.And because surface of steel plate is zinc-plating material, hardness is softer, and under height contact pressure, the zinc layer is more yielding, and test is finished the back and found that steel plate binding site zinc layer is out of shape and comes off, and has tangible slip vestige; Zinc under the usual pressure and the dry friction between the zinc, friction factor can increase, and is consistent with test findings.Therefore, more more accurate than theoretical value by the trial value of method measurement of the present invention.The present invention measures the method for iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction for the testing laboratory of simulation actual condition, can measure the coefficient of static friction between the iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet of different times easily by the present invention, further determine the mode of transfer force of iron tower steel plate node, assess its serviceable life.
3) whenever do single test more, the discreteness of friction factor reduces, reason is along with the increasing of test number (TN), and a large amount of wearing and tearing appear in surface of steel plate, flattens, contact area between steel plate changes after test of many times and reduces, therefore in the revision test in later stage, even less pretightning force has also produced bigger friction force, be exactly that friction factor tends towards stability because contact area changes not quite.
Claims (8)
1. the analogue measurement device of an iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction is characterized in that it is by last galvanized steel plain sheet (1), middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2), galvanized steel plain sheet (3), sleeve (6) and pressure transducer (7) are formed down; The upper end of the bottom of galvanized steel plain sheet (1) and following galvanized steel plain sheet (3) is provided with the bolt hole of equal diameters respectively on described, is provided with the bolt hole that equates with described diameter of bolt hole respectively in the upper and lower end portion of middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2); Described sleeve (6), pressure transducer (7), last galvanized steel plain sheet (1) are connected with first nut (5) by first bolt (4) successively with middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2) upper end; Galvanized steel plain sheet (2) bottom is connected with second nut (10) by second bolt (9) with following galvanized steel plain sheet (3) in described.
2. the analogue measurement device of a kind of iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being equipped with first packing ring (8) on first bolt (4) between described middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2) and first nut (5), second bolt (9) between middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2) and second nut (5) is equipped with second packing ring (11).
3. the analogue measurement device of a kind of iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction according to claim 2 is characterized in that described width last, the following galvanized steel plain sheet (1,2 and 3) of neutralization is 120mm, and thickness is 10mm, and the diameter of described each bolt hole is 21.5mm.
4. the analogue measurement device of a kind of iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction according to claim 3 is characterized in that the specification of described each bolt, each nut and each packing ring is M20, and is zinc-plated.
5. a measuring method of utilizing any described analogue measurement device in the claim 1 ~ 4 to carry out iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
Step 1: go up the upper end of galvanized steel plain sheet (1) and the lower end of following galvanized steel plain sheet (3) is folded in respectively in the last anchor clamps and lower clamp of cupping machine with described, the output cable of described pressure transducer (7) is connected with the respective input of cupping machine;
Step 2: make upper and lower galvanized steel plain sheet (1,3) be in the center of described upper and lower anchor clamps, described upper and lower anchor clamps are in clamped condition; First, second bolt is in loosening state; Use torque spanner to make second bolt (9) locked fully, namely in, galvanized steel plain sheet (2,3) does not produce slip under state of nature down; Apply the pulling force of 80 ~ 100KN by cupping machine to described analogue measurement device then, with in eliminating in the follow-up test, the relative slip of galvanized steel plain sheet (2,3) down;
Step 3: adjust first bolt (4), make the bolt hole of galvanized steel plain sheet (1) and middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2) 0.5 ~ 2mm that staggers mutually; First bolt (4) is applied the screw-down torque of 0 ~ 380Nm, show the pretightning force P of this moment by pressure transducer (7)
0
Step 4: adopt cupping machine with the loading velocity of 0.1mm/min ~ 1mm/min to described analogue measurement device loading force, the power F that loads when increasing by displacement in the testing machine software records process of the test in the cupping machine; When the slip between last galvanized steel plain sheet (1) and the middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2) is subjected to galvanized bolt (4) obstruction, stop test;
Step 5: the data according to the step 4 gained are drawn force-displacement curve, and the corresponding power value of first platform is the friction force between galvanized steel plain sheet (1) and the middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2) in the curve
f
Step 6: according to the pretightning force P of formula (1), step 3 gained
0Friction force with the step 5 gained
f, the coefficient of static friction μ s between galvanized steel plain sheet in the calculating (1) and the middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2);
μs =
f / P
0 (1)
μ s---coefficient of static friction;
f---go up, the friction force of middle galvanized steel plain sheet (1,2) N of unit;
P
0---the pretightning force of first bolt (4), the N of unit.
6. the measuring method of a kind of iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction according to claim 5 is characterized in that nominal pressure sensor before the beginning step 3, presses anchor clamps described pressure transducer to be applied the power P of 0 ~ 180KN by cupping machine
0, and the voltage U of the different power lower pressure sensor (7) of the software records by cupping machine, according to the power of gained and the data of voltage, drafting power-voltage curve, and obtain power-voltage relationship formula (2) according to curve;
U=
kF+b (2)
The voltage that U---pressure transducer shows, the V of unit;
The power that F---cupping machine applies, the N of unit;
k---coefficient, the V/N of unit;
B---power is the initial voltage of pressure transducer demonstration in 0 o'clock, the V of unit.
7. the measuring method of a kind of iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction according to claim 6 is characterized in that the power that cupping machine applies is pulling force or pressure.
8. the measuring method of a kind of iron tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction according to claim 7, it is characterized in that cupping machine in the step 7 with the loading velocity of 0.5mm/min to described analogue measurement device loading force.
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