CN103335941B - A kind of analogue measurement device of steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction and measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of analogue measurement device of steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103335941B CN103335941B CN201310175704.8A CN201310175704A CN103335941B CN 103335941 B CN103335941 B CN 103335941B CN 201310175704 A CN201310175704 A CN 201310175704A CN 103335941 B CN103335941 B CN 103335941B
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- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013097 stability assessment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of analogue measurement device of steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction, and use the method for this analogue measurement measurement device steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction; Be installed in cupping machine by analogue measurement device of the present invention, adopt pressure transducer to measure, this method can be implemented in the lab, easy to operate, and the result of mensuration is accurate, has directive significance to steel tower one-piece construction and stability assessment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of analogue measurement device of steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction, and use the method for this analogue measurement measurement device steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction.
Background technology
Main material is connected together with oblique material with main material, main material by bolt by steel tower, and tie point is referred to as node, is linked together by upper and lower main material when main material is connected with main material by gusset plate.The shearing force of main material power transmission by bolt and the friction force transmission of bolt pretightening compression tower material surface of contact.When bolt pretightening is enough large, between tower material, mode of transfer force should based on friction force; When tower material Interaction Force is greater than its maximum static friction force, will there is slippage in tower material, and the mode of transfer force between tower material will change over the shearing power transmission of bolt, affect the serviceable life of bolt.Therefore when the actual use of steel tower, node mode of transfer force is vital for steel tower one-piece construction and stability, assesses with regard to needing when designing steel tower to the coefficient of static friction of steel tower steel plate.
The method of current measurement friction factor has two kinds usually: 1) apply pressure by weight, measures object and starts the stiction that relative motion occurs, try to achieve coefficient of static friction; 2) weight is placed in inclined-plane, adjustment bevel angle makes weight generation relative motion, and now the tan of bevel angle is exactly coefficient of static friction.But this two kinds of method unit areas institute can not infinitely increase by heavy substance quantitative limitation by applied pressures, however coefficient of static friction under high contact pressures from be different under gravity institute applied pressure.Also do not simulate at present the method that steel tower corner iron actual condition measures steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction under high contact.
If two surfaces are static each other, contact place between that two surface can form a strong adhesion---stiction, a surface just can be made another apparent motion unless destroyed adhesion, destroying adhesion makes its power ratio to the vertical force of surface thereof moving moment be called coefficient of static friction μ s, and relation is as follows:
f=μs·P
μ s---coefficient of static friction;
F---friction force, units Newtons (N);
P---surperficial vertical force, units Newtons (N).
And this destructive power is also the maximum power that object will be made to start, we make again this power be maximum static friction force.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem underlying to be solved by this invention be to provide a kind of easy to operate, result accurately and repeatability strong can the analogue measurement device of steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction and measuring method under high contact in the simulation actual condition of testing laboratory's operation.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Analogue measurement device of the present invention is made up of upper galvanized steel plain sheet, middle galvanized steel plain sheet, lower galvanized steel plain sheet, sleeve and pressure transducer; The bottom of galvanized steel plain sheet and the upper end of lower galvanized steel plain sheet are respectively arranged with the bolt hole of equal diameters on described, are respectively arranged with the bolt hole equal with described diameter of bolt hole in the upper and lower end portion of middle galvanized steel plain sheet; Described sleeve, pressure transducer, upper galvanized steel plain sheet are connected with the first nut by the first bolt successively with middle galvanized steel plain sheet upper end; Described middle galvanized steel plain sheet bottom is connected with the second nut by the second bolt with lower galvanized steel plain sheet.
Further, the first bolt in described in analogue measurement device of the present invention between galvanized steel plain sheet and the first nut is equipped with the first packing ring, the second bolt between middle galvanized steel plain sheet and the second nut is equipped with the second packing ring.
Further, the width of the lower galvanized steel plain sheet of upper described in analogue measurement device of the present invention, neutralization is 120mm, and thickness is 10mm, and the diameter of described each bolt hole is 21.5mm.
Further, described in analogue measurement device of the present invention, the specification of each bolt, each nut and each packing ring is M20, zinc-plated.
Measuring method of the present invention comprises the steps:
Step one: in the upper fixture that the lower end of the upper end of described upper galvanized steel plain sheet and lower galvanized steel plain sheet is folded in cupping machine respectively and lower clamp, the output cable of described pressure transducer is connected with the respective input of cupping machine;
Step 2: make upper and lower galvanized steel plain sheet be in the center of described upper and lower fixture, described upper and lower fixture is in clamped condition; First, second bolt is in loosening state; Use torque spanner to make the second bolt completely locked, namely, lower galvanized steel plain sheet do not produce slip in its natural state; Then the pulling force of 80 ~ 100KN is applied to described analogue measurement device by cupping machine, to eliminate in follow-up test, the relative sliding of lower galvanized steel plain sheet;
Step 3: adjust the first bolt, makes the bolt hole of galvanized steel plain sheet and middle galvanized steel plain sheet mutually stagger 0.5 ~ 2mm; The screw-down torque of 0 ~ 380Nm is applied to the first bolt, shows pretightning force P now by pressure transducer
0;
Step 4: adopt cupping machine with the loading velocity of 0.1mm/min ~ 1mm/min to described analogue measurement device loading force, the power F loaded when being increased by displacement in the testing machine software records process of the test in cupping machine; When slip between upper galvanized steel plain sheet and middle galvanized steel plain sheet is subject to upper galvanized bolt obstruction, stop test;
Step 5: according to the Plotting data force-displacement curve of step 4 gained, the force value in curve corresponding to first platform is the friction force between galvanized steel plain sheet and middle galvanized steel plain sheet
f;
Step 6: according to the pretightning force P of formula (1), step 3 gained
0with the friction force of step 5 gained
f, the coefficient of static friction μ s in calculating between galvanized steel plain sheet and middle galvanized steel plain sheet;
μs=
f/P
0(1)
μ s---coefficient of static friction;
f---the friction force of upper, middle galvanized steel plain sheet, unit N;
P
0---the pretightning force of the first bolt, unit N.
Further, measuring method of the present invention is nominal pressure sensor before beginning step 3, by cupping machine pressure fixture, described pressure transducer is applied to the power P of 0 ~ 180KN
0, and by the voltage U of the different power lower pressure sensor of the software records of cupping machine, according to the power of gained and the data of voltage, draw power-voltage curve, and obtain power-voltage relationship (2) according to curve;
U=
kF+b(2)
U---the voltage of pressure transducer display, unit V;
The power that F---cupping machine applies, unit N;
k---coefficient, unit V/N;
The initial voltage of pressure transducer display when b---power is 0, unit V.
Further, the power that cupping machine described in measuring method of the present invention applies is pulling force or pressure.
Further, in the step 7 of measuring method of the present invention cupping machine with the loading velocity of 0.5mm/min to described analogue measurement device loading force.
Galvanized steel plain sheet in measurement mechanism of the present invention, the connection of screw bolt and nut, the connected mode of the steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet under simulation actual condition.
The Main Function of sleeve of the present invention is that bolt pretightening is passed to sensor, and connects upper galvanized bolt and pressure transducer.
Cupping machine of the present invention, can apply pressure or pulling force to upper galvanized steel plain sheet and lower galvanized steel plain sheet, and its testing machine software be equipped with can omnidistance record process of the test, is convenient to analyze the friction force producing slip between the change of the actual mode of transfer force of steel plate and steel plate.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The inventive process provides a kind of method that testing laboratory of simulating actual condition measures steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction, the mode of transfer force of steel tower node can be determined easily, assess its serviceable life.
Method repeatability of the present invention is strong, can repeat test of many times, draw trial value after the experimental result of different tests is carried out linear fit, improve the accuracy of data further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation of accompanying drawing 1 embodiment of the present invention 1;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the left view of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Power-voltage calibration curve that accompanying drawing 3 is drawn for the embodiment of the present invention 3 step 3;
What the first time test that accompanying drawing 4-1 is embodiment 3 was drawn draws force-displacement curve;
What the second time test that accompanying drawing 4-2 is embodiment 3 was drawn draws force-displacement curve;
What the third time test that accompanying drawing 4-3 is embodiment 3 was drawn draws force-displacement curve;
What the 4th test that accompanying drawing 4-4 is embodiment 3 was drawn draws force-displacement curve;
Accompanying drawing 5 is the normalization creep function curve drawing force-displacement relationship that embodiment 3 is drawn;
Accompanying drawing 6-1 is the friction force-pretightning force graph of a relation of the first time test of embodiment 3;
Accompanying drawing 6-2 is the friction force-pretightning force graph of a relation of the second time test of embodiment 3;
Accompanying drawing 6-3 is the friction force-pretightning force graph of a relation of the third time test of embodiment 3;
Accompanying drawing 6-4 is the friction force-pretightning force graph of a relation of the 4th test of embodiment 3;
In the accompanying drawings, galvanized steel plain sheet, 3 times galvanized steel plain sheets, 4 first bolts, 5 first nuts, 6 sleeves, 7 pressure transducers, 8 first packing rings, 9 second bolts, 10 second nuts, 11 second packing rings in galvanized steel plain sheet, 2 on 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
As accompanying drawing 1,2, analogue measurement device of the present invention is made up of upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1, middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2, lower galvanized steel plain sheet 3, sleeve 6 and pressure transducer 7; The bottom of galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and the upper end of lower galvanized steel plain sheet 3 are respectively arranged with the bolt hole of equal diameters on described, in the upper and lower end portion of zinc-plated dry plate 2 be respectively arranged with the bolt hole equal with described diameter of bolt hole; Described sleeve 6, pressure transducer 7, upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 are connected with the first nut 5 by the first bolt 4 successively with middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 upper end; Described middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 bottom is connected with the second nut 10 by the second bolt 9 with lower galvanized steel plain sheet 3.The first bolt 4 between described middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and the first nut 5 is equipped with the first packing ring 8; the second bolt 9 between middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and the second nut 5 is equipped with the second packing ring 11; first packing ring 8 and the second packing ring 11 for the protection of steel plate, one step simulation actual condition of going forward side by side.The width of the upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 of analogue measurement device, middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and lower galvanized steel plain sheet 3 is 120mm, and thickness is 10mm, and the diameter of described each bolt hole is 21.5mm.
Embodiment 2
The difference of embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is only not arrange packing ring between steel plate and nut, owing to can stop testing when the slip between upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 is obstructed, therefore removes the accuracy that packing ring does not affect test figure.
Embodiment 3
The analogue measurement device of embodiment 1 is used to carry out the measurement of steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction under high contact.
Step one: in the upper fixture that the upper end of described upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and the lower end of lower galvanized steel plain sheet 3 are folded in cupping machine respectively and lower clamp, the described output cable of pressure transducer 7 is connected with the respective input of cupping machine.The upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 of the present embodiment, middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and lower galvanized steel plain sheet 3 all adopt width 120mm, the galvanized steel plain sheet of thickness 10mm, opening diameter Ф 21.5mm, and adopt punching technology, first perforate is zinc-plated again.First bolt 4, first nut 5, first packing ring 8, second bolt 9, second nut 10 of the present embodiment and the specification of the second packing ring 11 are M20, zinc-plated, overlap more.The sensor 7 of the present embodiment is BSQ-2 sensor, and range is 200kN, uses CMT5205 cupping machine to demarcate.
Step 2: make galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and lower galvanized steel plain sheet 3 be in the center of described upper fixture and lower clamp, described upper and lower fixture is in clamped condition; First, second bolt is in loosening state.Use torque spanner to make the second bolt 9 completely locked, namely, galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and lower galvanized steel plain sheet 3 do not produce slip at the test condition; Wherein used torque spanner is TLB500Nm, and the second bolt 9 is 6.8 grade bolts, and the maximum screw-down torque of 6.8 grade bolts is 362.21Nm, and the moment that torque spanner applies the second bolt 9, more than 400Nm, makes the second bolt 9 completely locked.Then cupping machine is used to apply the pulling force of 80 ~ 100kN to analogue measurement device, the relative sliding of galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and lower galvanized steel plain sheet 3 in elimination.
Step 3: the present embodiment uses CMT5205 cupping machine to demarcate, applies the power P of 0 ~ 180KN to described pressure transducer by cupping machine pressure fixture
0, pressure increases 10kN at every turn, and record primary transducer voltage, calibration result is in table 1.The maximum pull used due to the follow-up test step of the present embodiment is 70KN, therefore when curve plotting, the pressure limit of getting 0 ~ 70KN is demarcated, and the pressure-voltage curve of drafting as shown in Figure 3, draws the relational expression of pressure-voltage according to formula (2).
U=
kF+b(2)
U---the voltage of pressure transducer display, unit V;
The power that F---cupping machine applies, unit N;
k---coefficient, unit V/N;
The initial voltage of pressure transducer display when b---power is 0, unit V.
The relational expression of the pressure-voltage of the present embodiment is: U=0.028P
0+ 0.0254.
The pressure that table 1 cupping machine timing signal detects and sensor voltage
Step 4: galvanized bolt 4 in adjustment, galvanized steel plain sheet 1 is made to produce 2mm displacement downwards, galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and the bolt hole of middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 are staggered 2mm mutually, and this displacement does not affect the installation of the first bolt 4, and makes galvanized steel plain sheet 1 obtain maximum slippage.Use torque spanner to apply to be no more than the screw-down torque Mt of 380Nm to the first bolt 4, show pretightning force P by pressure transducer 7
0.
The present embodiment has carried out four tests, and each test repeatedly repeats.The pretightning force P of each double counting gained
0as shown in table 2.The bolt that each embodiment uses, nut are different, and the bolt pretightening produced is different.
Step 5: adopt CMT5205 cupping machine with the loading velocity of 0.5mm/min to described analogue measurement device loading force, stress when this loading velocity uses closest to tower material is actual.The power F loaded when being increased by displacement in the testing machine software records process of the test in cupping machine.
Force-displacement curve is drawn in drafting, as shown in the curve 1 of accompanying drawing 4-1.The elastic deformation stage of steel plate, when power increases gradually, upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 slide, and from every bar curve, have a plateau significantly, slowly risen, displacement increases, but power change is little.Every bar curve has three plateaus, raises gradually; From the video analysis recorded during test, the generation of three plateaus causes owing to there is relative sliding between different faces.First plateau is, between upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2, relative sliding occurs; When power continues to increase, the surface of contact between middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and the first packing ring 8 also starts to slide, and occurs second plateau; After power continues increase, the surface of contact between upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and sleeve 6 starts to slide, and occurs the 3rd plateau, and finally, because the first bolt 4 limits the slip of upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1, by shearing force effect, upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 bears pulling force and continues elastic deformation.Draw force-displacement curve relation according to what test, the factor that upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 slides can be done normalized.Fig. 5 is the normalization creep function curve drawing force-displacement relationship, wherein 1. step represents the friction force between galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2, friction force during 2. step represents between galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and the first packing ring 8,3. step represents the friction force between galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and sleeve 6,4. abrupt slope represents because the first bolt 4 limits the slip of steel plate, by shearing force effect, upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 bear pulling force suffered when pulling force continues elastic deformation.
Therefore, the power in force-displacement curve corresponding to first plateau of drawing is and overcomes the power that friction produces relative sliding between galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2, namely needs the friction force between the steel plate studied, therefore friction force between steel plate
fto should be in curve force value corresponding to first plateau, the stain in Fig. 4-1 is got friction force
fposition.
When pulling force exceedes the maximum static friction force between steel plate, there is relative sliding with middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 in upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 under a stretching force, and maximum static friction force is definite value in theory, and therefore in steel plate sliding process, force value does not increase, change in displacement; Slip when between steel plate is subject to bolt and hinders, and pulling force increase can make to slide between middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 and the first packing ring 8, now can stop test.
Unclamp the first bolt 4, displacement resets, and again tightens the first bolt 4, increase the screw-down torque to the first bolt 4, repeat above-mentioned steps, repeatedly measure the friction force between steel plate, force-displacement curve is drawn in drafting, obtains 2nd ~ 5 articles of curves in Fig. 4-1, completes first time process of the test.Change the first bolt 4, repeat above-mentioned test procedure 5 times, obtain 5 curves of second time test in Fig. 4-2; Fig. 4-3 is 8 curves of third time test.According to above-mentioned test, the slip between upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 is subject to upper galvanized bolt 4 when hindering, and change between upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 after shearing power transmission, pulling force can increase gradually, now can stop loading, terminate test.Therefore, stopped test when slip during the 4th test between upper galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2 is obstructed, obtain 6 curves as Fig. 4-4.Friction force measured by four tests
fas shown in table 2.
Table 2 gives friction force between bolt pretightening P0 under different screw-down torque effect, steel plate
f, Fig. 6-1,6-2,6-3,6-4 are respectively the pretightning force-friction force graph of a relation of four tests, test the first bolt 4 used different at every turn, carry out linear matching according to formula (1) to it, draw coefficient of static friction μ s between 4 groups of test light plates.
μs=
f/P
0(1)
μ s---coefficient of static friction;
f---upper friction force between galvanized steel plain sheet 1 and middle galvanized steel plain sheet 2, unit N;
P
0---the pretightning force of the first bolt 4, unit N.
Coefficientoffrictionμ s test findings between table 2 steel plate
By to friction force
fwith pretightning force P
0linear fit, coefficientoffrictionμ s=0.71 ~ 0.77 obtained.The coefficient of static friction showing the dry friction of zinc and zinc in data is 0.6, test survey data higher than this theoretical value.When pretightning force is less, actual measurement coefficient of static friction is less than 0.6, and minimum is 0.44.As can be seen from Figure 6, along with the increase of test number (TN), the discreteness of friction factor reduces gradually, and the variance analysis with regard to trial value and theoretical value is as follows:
1) in theory, friction factor is the constant determined by surface of contact, and with contact area, pressure is all irrelevant.And any plane is not all absolute plane, be uneven surface under the microscope, therefore the contact of two planes is point cantact, and non-face contact.When pretightning force is less, the contact force between steel plate is little, and two surface of steel plate only come in contact at contact point, and total contact area of these contact points only accounts for the small part of the total surface area that contact profile limits.Along with pressure increase, make surface metal between steel plate start distortion, polish, the diameter of each contact point increases, and contact point increased number, contact area is increased, and friction factor also increases thereupon.Therefore the friction factor surveyed when pretightning force is less is lower than theoretical value.
2) along with the increase of pretightning force, be pressed in the plane of 120mm × 120mm more than the pretightning force of 1 ton, and applied by bolt; Due to surface of contact unbalance stress, near the position of bolt hole, the pressure in unit area then will exceed this pressure, and friction factor is now measured under high contact pressures.Contact between solid is flexible-characteristic of plasticity, and when pressure relies on the elastic deformation of protuberance itself to contact with each other compared with hours contact point.Under high contact pressures, the contact area between steel plate increases significantly, and contact not only just intermolecular attractive force and the elastic deformation between molecule; Due to pressure increase, sags and crests on surface of contact is engaged completely, surface metal slip becomes the inter-molecular binding force of deface metal from overcoming intermolecular attractive force, plastic yield is become from elastic deformation, sags and crests between steel plate is polished, contact between steel plate is more tight, and contact area increases further, and friction force is increased further.And because surface of steel plate is zinc-plating material, hardness is softer, and under high contact pressures, zinc layers is more yielding, tests the distortion of rear discovery steel plate binding site zinc layers and come off, having had the vestige that significantly slides; Compared to the dry friction between the zinc under usual pressure and zinc, friction factor can increase, consistent with test findings.Therefore, the trial value measured by method of the present invention is more more accurate than theoretical value.The present invention is the method for testing laboratory's mensuration steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction of simulation actual condition, coefficient of static friction between the steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet that can be measured different times by the present invention easily, determine the mode of transfer force of steel tower Welded Plate joint further, assess its serviceable life.
3) often do single test more, the discreteness of friction factor reduces, reason is increasing along with test number (TN), and a large amount of wearing and tearing appear in surface of steel plate, flattens, contact area between steel plate changes reduction after test of many times, therefore, in the revision test in later stage, even if less pretightning force, larger friction force is also created, be exactly that friction factor tends towards stability because contact area change is little.
Claims (5)
1. utilize analogue measurement device to carry out a measuring method for steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction, it is characterized in that described analogue measurement device is made up of upper galvanized steel plain sheet (1), middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2), lower galvanized steel plain sheet (3), sleeve (6) and pressure transducer (7); The bottom of galvanized steel plain sheet (1) and the upper end of lower galvanized steel plain sheet (3) are respectively arranged with the bolt hole of equal diameters on described, are respectively arranged with the bolt hole equal with described diameter of bolt hole in the upper and lower end portion of middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2); Described sleeve (6), pressure transducer (7), upper galvanized steel plain sheet (1) and middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2) upper end are connected with the first nut (5) by the first bolt (4) successively; Described middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2) bottom is connected with the second nut (10) by the second bolt (9) with lower galvanized steel plain sheet (3);
Described measuring method comprises the steps:
Step one: in the upper fixture that the upper end of described upper galvanized steel plain sheet (1) and the lower end of lower galvanized steel plain sheet (3) are folded in cupping machine respectively and lower clamp, the output cable of described pressure transducer (7) is connected with the respective input of cupping machine;
Step 2: make upper and lower galvanized steel plain sheet (1,3) be in the center of described upper and lower fixture, described upper and lower fixture is in clamped condition; First, second bolt is in loosening state; Use torque spanner to make the second bolt (9) completely locked, namely, lower galvanized steel plain sheet (2,3) do not produce slip in its natural state; Then the pulling force of 80 ~ 100KN is applied to described analogue measurement device by cupping machine, to eliminate in follow-up test, the relative sliding of lower galvanized steel plain sheet (2,3);
Step 3: adjust the first bolt (4), makes the bolt hole of galvanized steel plain sheet (1) and middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2) mutually stagger 0.5 ~ 2mm; First bolt (4) is applied to the screw-down torque of 0 ~ 380Nm, by pressure transducer (7) display pretightning force P now
0;
Step 4: adopt cupping machine with the loading velocity of 0.1mm/min ~ 1mm/min to described analogue measurement device loading force, the power F loaded when being increased by displacement in the testing machine software records process of the test in cupping machine; When slip between upper galvanized steel plain sheet (1) and middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2) is subject to the first bolt (4) obstruction, stop test;
Step 5: according to the Plotting data force-displacement curve of step 4 gained, the force value in curve corresponding to first platform is the friction force f between galvanized steel plain sheet (1) and middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2);
Step 6: according to the pretightning force P of formula (1), step 3 gained
0with the friction force f of step 5 gained, the coefficient of static friction μ s in calculating between galvanized steel plain sheet (1) and middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2);
μs＝f/P
0(1)
μ s---coefficient of static friction;
The friction force of f---upper, middle galvanized steel plain sheet (1,2), unit N;
P
0---the pretightning force of the first bolt (4), unit N.
2. a kind of measuring method utilizing analogue measurement device to carry out steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the first bolt (4) between the middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2) of described analogue measurement device and the first nut (5) is equipped with the first packing ring (8), the second bolt (9) between middle galvanized steel plain sheet (2) and the second nut (5) is equipped with the second packing ring (11); Described width that is upper, the lower galvanized steel plain sheet (1,2 and 3) of neutralization is 120mm, and thickness is 10mm, and the diameter of described each bolt hole is 21.5mm; The specification of described each bolt, each nut and each packing ring is M20, zinc-plated.
3. a kind of measuring method utilizing analogue measurement device to carry out steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that nominal pressure sensor before beginning step 3, by cupping machine pressure fixture, described pressure transducer is applied to the power P of 0 ~ 180KN
0, and by the voltage U of the different power lower pressure sensor (7) of the software records of cupping machine, according to the power of gained and the data of voltage, draw power-voltage curve, and obtain power-voltage relationship (2) according to curve;
U＝kF+b(2)
U---the voltage of pressure transducer display, unit V;
The power that F---cupping machine applies, unit N;
K---coefficient, unit V/N;
The initial voltage of pressure transducer display when b---power is 0, unit V.
4. a kind of measuring method utilizing analogue measurement device to carry out steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction according to claim 3, is characterized in that the power that described cupping machine applies is pulling force or pressure.
5. a kind of measuring method utilizing analogue measurement device to carry out steel tower galvanized steel plain sheet coefficient of static friction according to claim 4, to is characterized in that in step 4 cupping machine with the loading velocity of 0.5mm/min to described analogue measurement device loading force.
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| CN105606527A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-05-25 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Test method applicable to measurement of static friction coefficient of engineering components |
| CN107421882B (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2020-04-03 | 山东大学 | Steel fastener part friction testing device and method for steel fastener FRP reinforcement technology |
| CN109297850A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-02-01 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Reciprocating friction abrasion test device |
| CN110595994A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-20 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Method and device for measuring friction coefficient based on electronic universal tester |
| CN112378843A (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2021-02-19 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Measuring device and measuring method for friction coefficient |
| CN114544484B (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-22 | 国机传感科技有限公司 | Test device and method for measuring static friction coefficient of tire |
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