CN103335885B - Cemented filling body blasting damage experimental simulation method - Google Patents
Cemented filling body blasting damage experimental simulation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103335885B CN103335885B CN201310245162.7A CN201310245162A CN103335885B CN 103335885 B CN103335885 B CN 103335885B CN 201310245162 A CN201310245162 A CN 201310245162A CN 103335885 B CN103335885 B CN 103335885B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cemented filling body blasting damage experimental simulation method, belonging to the technical field of disturbance effect experiments of the mining industry and geotechnical engineering. The method comprises a rack (15), a constant-load loading mechanism for applying a constant load to the sample (7), a disturbance loading mechanism for applying a disturbance load to the sample (7) and a measurement device. The method is characterized by also comprising a main vibration frequency adjusting device for adjusting the main vibration frequency of the lower environment of the sample (7) in an experiment so that the main vibration frequency is equal to the main vibration frequency on the scene; the disturbance loading mechanism applies a disturbance load to multiple positions opposite to the sample (7); the peak vibration speed of the lower environment of the sample (7) in experiment is adjusted to be equal to the peak vibration speed on the scene; and the degree of damage of the cemented filling body of the mining industry and geotechnical engineering caused by the disturbance load is accurately simulated, the data measured by the experiment is more accurate and more close to the real value, and the site operation can be accurately directed.
Description
Technical field
Cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method, belongs to mining industry and Geotechnical Engineering disturbance effect experimental technique field, is specifically related to experimental simulation system and the method for the destructiveness of a kind of obturation under affecting by disturbing load.
Background technology
Current various consolidated fill is widely used in coal, metallurgy, coloured, gold mine, the effect of cemented fill is mainly used for the roof and floor supporting mining body, namely replacement ore body or country rock are played a supporting role, this just requires that cemented fill has certain intensity, people more pay close attention to and improve intensity by the preparation of attal so far, but at present also not for the exploration that exploitation explosion causes the damage of obturation and the strength of filling mass that brings thus to decline.
Chinese patent 200610114015.6 discloses a kind of material flowing deformation disturbance effect experimental system for rock and experimental technique, this experimental system also can be applied to the disturbance experiments of obturation, shock vibration load is applied in an experiment by counterweight, blast disturbance load is applied by detonator, by two real shock loads of disturbing load superposed simulation, this experimental system has the following disadvantages:
1, a simulated disturbance shock load is tested, and sample is at the scene with laboratory, residing for it, the master oscillator frequenc of environment is different, as can be seen from table five in instructions and table six, whether simulate the experimental result that residing for sample, the master oscillator frequenc of environment obtains to differ greatly, if do not go in experiment to simulate master oscillator frequenc, there is very large deviation in the result obtained and actual numerical value, accurately cannot instruct practice of construction.
2, counterweight impacts the impact by distance of fall, inclination angle, there is comparatively big error, and whereabouts after multiple counterweight superposition, exists vibration between counterweight, and the error of generation is larger, and each change counterbalance mass is inconvenient; Current simulation detonator blasting, due to each detonator each other not and completely the same, there is comparatively big error in the data causing many experiments to draw, utilizes counterweight to impact like this and detonator blasting superposes the disturbing load error that obtains comparatively greatly, accurately cannot instruct practice of construction.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of accurate analog disturbing load to the cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method of the damaged condition of sample.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: this cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method, integrated simulation system is adopted to test, described integrated simulation system comprises frame, sample is applied to the dead load load maintainer of permanent load, sample applied to disturbance load maintainer and the measurement mechanism of disturbing load, it is characterized in that: also comprise master oscillator frequenc regulating device, for adjusting the master oscillator frequenc of bottom environment residing for sample in an experiment, make it identical with on-the-spot master oscillator frequenc; Disturbance load maintainer applies disturbing load in multiple positions of relative sample, adjusts the peak vibration speed of bottom environment residing for sample in an experiment, makes it identical with on-the-spot peak vibration speed;
Specific experiment step is as follows:
Step 1: under the disturbance of one group of preset pressure, the master oscillator frequenc that actual measurement is on-the-spot and peak vibration speed, experiment material is chosen at scene, makes multiple samples of formed objects.
Step 2: utilize pressing machine to be damaged by pressure by a sample, obtains broken ring load and the uniaxial compressive strength of sample.
Step 3: be fixed in frame by an intact sample, arrange measurement mechanism, applies to sample the permanent load that is less than brokenly ring load by dead load load maintainer.
Step 4: apply the disturbing load identical with pressure in step 1 by disturbance load maintainer, make the master oscillator frequenc of sample bottom environment in experiment identical with field measurement master oscillator frequenc in step 1 by master oscillator frequenc regulating device.
Step 5: select the sample that another block is intact, the horizontal range of adjustment disturbance load maintainer and sample, makes the peak vibration speed of sample bottom environment in experiment identical with field measurement peak vibration speed.
Step 6: select the sample that another block is intact, changes the disturbing load that disturbance load maintainer loads, and measures acoustic velocity and the strain value of sample.
Step 7: utilize sonic method, calculates the injury tolerance of sample in step 6 by sonic velocity change value.
Described disturbance load maintainer comprises air forging hammer and the air compressor machine be connected with air forging hammer by compressed gas pipeline, and compressed gas pipeline is provided with variable valve and switch, the position of its relative sample of air forging hammer adjustable; Master oscillator frequenc regulating device is arranged between frame and air forging hammer.
Described air forging hammer upper end is supported on upper rack crossbeam lower surface by vertical air forging hammer rigid support; Master oscillator frequenc regulating device is arranged between upper rack crossbeam and air forging hammer rigid support.
Described master oscillator frequenc regulating device is bed course, and the material of change bed course and thickness can change the master oscillator frequenc of sample bottom environment.
Described bed course material is leather.
Described dead load load maintainer comprises lever, depression bar and counterweight, and lever one end is hinged in frame, and the other end is by pallet carry counterweight, and depression bar applies permanent load to sample straight down.
The ratio of described permanent load and failing load is 0.2:1 ~ 0.8:1.
Described measurement mechanism comprises blasting vibration instrument, nonmetal sonic wave detector and static strain testing instrument.
Described master oscillator frequenc regulating device is be arranged between sample and frame and bed course between upper rack crossbeam and air forging hammer.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method of the present invention has is:
1, accurate analog disturbing load is to the damaged condition of sample, utilize master oscillator frequenc regulating device can adjust the master oscillator frequenc of sample in experiment identical with field measurement master oscillator frequenc, the peak vibration speed that output unit and the contact position of lower bearing plate of change disturbance load maintainer can change sample is identical with field measurement peak vibration speed, laboratory condition can be reached identical with scene, data are more accurate close to real data, accurately can instruct practice of construction;
2, easy to operate, the pressure of air forging hammer can be changed arbitrarily by variable valve, easy to adjust.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the experimental provision structural representation of cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 curve synoptic diagram that to be peak vibration speed change with the spacing of air forging hammer and sample.
Fig. 3 is the curve synoptic diagram that master oscillator frequenc changes with air forging hammer pressure.
Wherein: 1, lever 2, depression bar 3, counterweight 4, pallet 5, upper bearing plate 6, bed course 7, sample 8, lower bearing plate 9, compressed gas pipeline 10, variable valve 11, air compressor machine 12, switch 13, air forging hammer 14, air forging hammer rigid support 15, frame.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 ~ 3 are most preferred embodiments of cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method of the present invention, and below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1 ~ 3, the present invention will be further described.
With reference to accompanying drawing 1: this blast disturbance shock load precise simulation device, comprise frame 15, dead load load maintainer and disturbance load maintainer, frame 15 bottom is the through rectangular through-hole in front and back between the plate of the left and right sides, frame 15 top is provided with crossbeam, dead load load maintainer comprises the lever 1 of horizontally set, and lever 1 one end is hinged on frame 15 top, and the other end stretches out frame 15 and hinged pallet 4, counterweight 3 is placed on pallet 4, is connected with a vertical depression bar 2 below lever 1 in frame 15.
Depression bar 2 lower end be threaded level circle on bearing plate 5, the lower bearing plate 8 that frame 15 bottom be provided with rectangle corresponding with upper bearing plate 5, the sample such as obturation or rock 7 is between upper and lower bearing plate 5,8, and the area of lower bearing plate 8 is greater than the area of bearing plate 5.Bed course 6 is provided with between upper and lower bearing plate 5,8 and sample 7, by the bed course 6 of unlike material, or can be at the same pressure by the bed course 6 of identical material different-thickness, lower bearing plate 8 is made to produce different master oscillator frequencs, make the master oscillator frequenc of lower bearing plate 8 identical with the master oscillator frequenc of field measurement by adjustment, the data that such experiment records, more close to True Data, have more practicality.
Disturbance load maintainer comprises the air forging hammer 13 being vertically fixed on lower bearing plate 8 upper surface, air forging hammer 13 is positioned at the outside of bearing plate 5, the air intake opening of air forging hammer 13 is connected with air compressor machine 11 by compressed gas pipeline 9, and compressed gas pipeline 9 is provided with variable valve 10 and switch 12.Can be regulated the impact dynamics of air forging hammer 13 by variable valve 10, simulate the disturbance of the different sizes that the constructions such as different explosions produce, switch 12 controls air forging hammer 13 action.
Air forging hammer 13 upper end is supported on below frame 15 upper beam by air forging hammer rigid support 14, vibration can not be continued after can ensureing air forging hammer 13 action by air forging hammer rigid support 14, the data recorded are more accurate, bed course 6 is provided with between air forging hammer rigid support 14 upper end and frame 15 upper beam, after air forging hammer action, a reacting force is had to frame 15 upper beam, this power can affect the master oscillator frequenc of final lower bearing plate 8, the master oscillator frequenc of lower bearing plate 8 can be regulated by bed course 6, make the data that record more accurate.Adopt leather effect more satisfactory through experiment bed course 6.
Table one
With reference to Fig. 2 ~ 3: table one is that the different disturbing load of experiment, distance are on the impact of peak vibration speed and master oscillator frequenc, as shown in Figure 2, under identical disturbing load, peak vibration speed changes with the distance of sample 7 with air forging hammer 13 and changes, and master oscillator frequenc is constant; As shown in Figure 3, air forging hammer 13 is identical with the distance of sample 7, and master oscillator frequenc changes with the change of disturbing load.
Test measurement mechanism used and comprise blasting vibration instrument, nonmetal sonic wave detector and static strain testing instrument.
Specific experiment step is as follows:
Step 1: the several pressure of field measurement and apart from the master oscillator frequenc at lower scene and peak vibration speed, cemented fill is chosen at scene, multiple samples 7 of making in laboratory formed objects.Pressure specifically can select 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa and 0.6MPa, and distance specifically can select 6cm, 12cm, 18cm and 24cm.
Step 2: utilize pressing machine to be damaged by pressure by a sample 7, obtains the broken ring load of sample 7
i.e. uniaxial compressive strength.
Step 3: an intact sample 7 is put between upper and lower bearing plate 5,8, in adjustment, bearing plate 5 makes itself and sample 7 close contact, the detecting instruments such as blasting vibration instrument, nonmetal sonic wave detector and static strain testing instrument are installed, the master oscillator frequenc of the lower bearing plate 8 of blasting vibration instrument probe detection and peak vibration speed, nonmetal sonic wave detector is connected sample 7 with static strain testing instrument, and connect computing machine, the permanent loaded load be loaded on sample 7 by counterweight 3 adjustment
,
,
choose between 0.2 ~ 0.8.
Step 4: by also laying bed course 6 between air forging hammer rigid support 14 upper end and frame 15 upper beam, and between upper and lower bearing plate 5,8 and sample 7, lay bed course 6, with under step 1 uniform pressure, air forging hammer 13 action is controlled by switch 12, blasting vibration instrument records the master oscillator frequenc of lower bearing plate 8, make the master oscillator frequenc of experiment gained identical with the master oscillator frequenc of field measurement by adjustment bed course 6, determine kind and the thickness of bed course 6 used.
Step 5: select the sample 7 that another block is intact, bed course 6 is identical with step 4, by changing the horizontal range of air forging hammer 13 to sample 7, with under step 1 uniform pressure, air forging hammer 13 action is controlled by switch 12, the peak vibration speed of the lower bearing plate 8 that blasting vibration instrument is recorded is identical with field measurement peak vibration speed, determines the distance of air forging hammer 13 to sample 7.
Step 6: select the sample 7 that another block is intact, compressed gas pressure is changed by variable valve 10, and then change air forging hammer 13 to the shock load of lower bearing plate 8, simulate the different disturbing loads that different burst size produces, nonmetal sonic wave detector records the acoustic velocity of sample 7, and the strain value of sample 7 measured by static strain testing instrument.
Table two be
=0.3, the pressure of air forging hammer 13 is done experimental data by when 0.5MPa.
Reduced rate of sonic velocity
computing formula be:
, wherein v is acoustic velocity after disturbance,
for initial velocity of wave.
After 50 disturbances: top
Middle part
Bottom
Step 7: utilize sonic method to establish Rock Damage degree
, integrity factor
and reduced rate of sonic velocity
between relation:
Just Rock Damage degree can be calculated by sonic velocity change value
.
Step 8: be put on pressing machine by the sample 7 tested in step 6, damaged by pressure, obtains the broken ring load of now sample 7
,
-
namely be the intensity drop-out value of sample 7.
Step 9: the strain value recorded by experiment can calculate the elastic modulus of sample 7.
Table two
Table three
Table four
Table three is 0.3MPa at pressure, changes bed course 6, the different master oscillator frequencs obtained, after 50 disturbances, and the acoustic velocity corresponding to master oscillator frequenc.Table four is 0.5MPa at pressure, and air forging hammer 13 distance different from sample 7 produces different peak vibration speed, the acoustic velocity corresponding with peak vibration speed.As can be seen from table three and table four, master oscillator frequenc and peak vibration speed have larger impact to experimental result, so the present invention demarcates master oscillator frequenc and peak vibration speed on pretreatment, and can the on-the-spot real data of accurate analog more.
Table five
Table five is that cushioned layer 6 is tested, the contrast experiment of traditional experiment and field measurement, and initial sonic waves velocity of wave is identical, take perturbation pressure as 0.3MPa, and distance is all example mutually and calculates, and upper, middle and lower portion is respectively 1.667,1.807 and 1.899km/s, sample 7 injury tolerance
table six:
Table six
Can clearly be found out by table six, the adjustment of master oscillator frequenc produces very large impact to experimental result, direct affect experiment can accurate analog situation, so the present invention utilizes bed course 6 to regulate the master oscillator frequenc of lower bearing plate 8 in experiment, make it identically with field measurement be necessary completely.
A small amount of experiment is difficult to avoid data error, has to pass through great many of experiments, rejects the impact of accidentalia, improves the directive function to site operation.Experimental data provided by the present invention is only the sub-fraction with directive significance extracted from lot of experimental data.
In the present invention, bed course 6 can be leather, also can be other materials such as fur, papery or cystosepiment; Bed course 6 only can be arranged on air forging hammer rigid support 14 upper end, also only can arrange between upper and lower bearing plate 5,8 and sample 7, also can be arranged on air forging hammer rigid support 14 upper end, and between upper and lower bearing plate 5,8 and sample 7; Dead load load maintainer directly can place counterweight 3 on upper bearing plate 5, also can load permanent load by hydraulic means; Sample 7 can be fixed in frame 1 by confined pressure charger; The present invention can measure cemented fill, also can measure other samples such as rock.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and be not restriction the present invention being made to other form, any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations.But everyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, still belong to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method, integrated simulation system is adopted to test, described integrated simulation system comprises frame (15), sample (7) is applied to the dead load load maintainer of permanent load, sample (7) applied to disturbance load maintainer and the measurement mechanism of disturbing load, it is characterized in that: also comprise master oscillator frequenc regulating device, for adjusting the master oscillator frequenc of sample (7) residing bottom environment in an experiment, make it identical with on-the-spot master oscillator frequenc; Disturbance load maintainer applies disturbing load in multiple positions of relative sample (7), adjusts the peak vibration speed of sample (7) residing bottom environment in an experiment, makes it identical with on-the-spot peak vibration speed;
Specific experiment step is as follows:
Step 1: under the disturbance of one group of preset pressure, the master oscillator frequenc that actual measurement is on-the-spot and peak vibration speed, experiment material is chosen at scene, makes multiple samples (7) of formed objects;
Step 2: utilize pressing machine a sample (7) to be damaged by pressure, obtains broken ring load and the uniaxial compressive strength of sample (7);
Step 3: be fixed in frame (15) by an intact sample (7), arrange measurement mechanism, applies to sample (7) permanent load that is less than brokenly ring load by dead load load maintainer;
Step 4: apply the disturbing load identical with pressure in step 1 by disturbance load maintainer, make the master oscillator frequenc of sample in experiment (7) bottom environment identical with field measurement master oscillator frequenc in step 1 by master oscillator frequenc regulating device;
Step 5: select the sample (7) that another block is intact, the horizontal range of adjustment disturbance load maintainer and sample (7), makes the peak vibration speed of sample in experiment (7) bottom environment identical with field measurement peak vibration speed;
Step 6: select the sample (7) that another block is intact, changes the disturbing load that disturbance load maintainer loads, and measures acoustic velocity and the strain value of sample (7);
Step 7: utilize sonic method, calculates the injury tolerance of sample in step 6 (7) by sonic velocity change value.
2. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described disturbance load maintainer comprises air forging hammer (13) and the air compressor machine (11) be connected with air forging hammer (13) by compressed gas pipeline (9), compressed gas pipeline (9) is provided with variable valve (10) and switch (12), the position of its relative sample (7) of air forging hammer (13) adjustable; Master oscillator frequenc regulating device is arranged between frame (15) and air forging hammer (13).
3. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described air forging hammer (13) upper end is supported on frame (15) upper beam lower surface by vertical air forging hammer rigid support (14); Master oscillator frequenc regulating device is arranged between frame (15) upper beam and air forging hammer rigid support (14).
4. the cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described master oscillator frequenc regulating device is bed course (6), the material of change bed course (6) and thickness can change the master oscillator frequenc of sample (7) bottom environment.
5. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described bed course (6) material is leather.
6. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described dead load load maintainer comprises lever (1), depression bar (2) and counterweight (3), lever (1) one end is hinged in frame (15), the other end is by pallet (4) carry counterweight (3), and depression bar (2) applies permanent load to sample (7) straight down.
7. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the ratio of described permanent load and failing load is 0.2:1 ~ 0.8:1.
8. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described measurement mechanism comprises blasting vibration instrument, nonmetal sonic wave detector and static strain testing instrument.
9. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described master oscillator frequenc regulating device is for being arranged on the bed course (6) between sample (7) and frame (15) and between frame (15) upper beam and air forging hammer (13).
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| CN105547844A (en) * | 2015-12-13 | 2016-05-04 | 华北理工大学 | Filling body-pillar system mechanical effect mechanism test method |
| CN109406281A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of tunnel butterfly destruction area similarity simulation experiment platform and experimental method |
| CN110412240A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-11-05 | 华北理工大学 | Obturation and the three-dimensional analog simulation experimental rig of country rock interaction rule and method |
| CN110146392A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-20 | 四川大学 | Pressure stabilizing mechanism, mechanical rheological experiment system and its test method |
| CN113405906B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2024-03-12 | 江西理工大学 | Method for establishing damage model of cemented filling body containing initial damage |
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