CN103335885A - Cemented filling body blasting damage experimental simulation method - Google Patents
Cemented filling body blasting damage experimental simulation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103335885A CN103335885A CN2013102451627A CN201310245162A CN103335885A CN 103335885 A CN103335885 A CN 103335885A CN 2013102451627 A CN2013102451627 A CN 2013102451627A CN 201310245162 A CN201310245162 A CN 201310245162A CN 103335885 A CN103335885 A CN 103335885A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cemented filling body blasting damage experimental simulation method, belonging to the technical field of disturbance effect experiments of the mining industry and geotechnical engineering. The method comprises a rack (15), a constant-load loading mechanism for applying a constant load to the sample (7), a disturbance loading mechanism for applying a disturbance load to the sample (7) and a measurement device. The method is characterized by also comprising a main vibration frequency adjusting device for adjusting the main vibration frequency of the lower environment of the sample (7) in an experiment so that the main vibration frequency is equal to the main vibration frequency on the scene; the disturbance loading mechanism applies a disturbance load to multiple positions opposite to the sample (7); the peak vibration speed of the lower environment of the sample (7) in experiment is adjusted to be equal to the peak vibration speed on the scene; and the degree of damage of the cemented filling body of the mining industry and geotechnical engineering caused by the disturbance load is accurately simulated, the data measured by the experiment is more accurate and more close to the real value, and the site operation can be accurately directed.
Description
Technical field
Cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method belongs to mining industry and Geotechnical Engineering disturbance effect experimental technique field, is specifically related to a kind of obturation in the experimental simulation system and the method that are subjected to the destructiveness of disturbing load under influencing.
Background technology
Present various consolidated fill is widely used in coal, metallurgy, coloured, the gold mine, the effect of cemented fill mainly is be used to the roof and floor that supports the mining body, namely replace ore body or country rock is played a supporting role, this just requires cemented fill to have certain intensity, people's more concern improves intensity by the preparation of attal so far, but the exploration that the present strength of filling mass that does not also cause the damage of obturation for the exploitation explosion and bring thus descends.
Chinese patent 200610114015.6 discloses a kind of material flowing deformation disturbance effect experimental system and experimental technique at rock, this experimental system also can be applied to the disturbance experiments of obturation, in experiment, apply shock vibration load by counterweight, apply blast disturbance load by detonator, by two real shock loads of disturbing load superposed simulation, this experimental system has the following disadvantages:
1, the disturbance shock load is only simulated in experiment, and sample at the scene with the laboratory in, the master oscillator frequenc of its environment of living in is different, by table five in the instructions and table six as can be seen, the resulting experimental result of master oscillator frequenc of whether simulating sample environment of living in differs greatly, if do not go to simulate master oscillator frequenc in the experiment, there are very large deviation in the result who obtains and actual numerical value, can't accurately instruct practice of construction.
2, counterweight impacts and is subjected to the influence at distance of fall, inclination angle, exists than mistake, and a plurality of counterweight stacks back falls, and has vibration between the counterweight, and the error of generation is bigger, and changes counterweight quality inconvenience at every turn; Simulate detonator blasting at present, because each detonator is also not in full accord each other, cause the data that repeatedly experiment draws to exist than mistake, utilize counterweight to impact like this and the detonator blasting resulting disturbing load error that superposes bigger, can't accurately instruct practice of construction.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method of a kind of accurate simulation disturbing load to the damaged condition of sample is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: this cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method, adopt integrated simulation system to experimentize, described integrated simulation system comprises frame, sample is applied the dead load load maintainer of permanent load, sample applied disturbance load maintainer and the measurement mechanism of disturbing load, it is characterized in that: also comprise the master oscillator frequenc regulating device, be used for being adjusted at the master oscillator frequenc of experiment sample bottom of living in environment, make it identical with on-the-spot master oscillator frequenc; The disturbance load maintainer applies disturbing load in a plurality of positions of relative sample, is adjusted at the peak value vibration velocity of sample bottom of living in environment in the experiment, makes it identical with on-the-spot peak value vibration velocity;
Concrete experimental procedure is as follows:
Step 1: under the disturbance of one group of preset pressure, master oscillator frequenc and peak value vibration velocity that actual measurement is on-the-spot, the scene is chosen experiment and is used material, makes a plurality of samples of identical size.
Step 2: utilize pressing machine that a sample is damaged by pressure, the broken ring load that obtains sample is uniaxial compressive strength.
Step 3: an intact sample is fixed on the frame, measurement mechanism is set, by the dead load load maintainer sample is applied a permanent load less than broken ring load.
Step 4: apply the disturbing load identical with pressure in the step 1 by the disturbance load maintainer, make the master oscillator frequenc of sample bottom environment in the experiment identical with field measurement master oscillator frequenc in the step 1 by the master oscillator frequenc regulating device.
Step 5: select the intact sample of another piece, adjust the horizontal range of disturbance load maintainer and sample, make the peak value vibration velocity of sample bottom environment in the experiment identical with field measurement peak value vibration velocity.
Step 6: select the intact sample of another piece, change the disturbing load that the disturbance load maintainer loads, measure acoustic velocity and the strain value of sample.
Step 7: utilize sonic method, calculate the injury tolerance of sample by the sonic velocity change value.
Described disturbance load maintainer comprises air forging hammer and the air compressor machine that is connected with air forging hammer by the compressed gas pipeline, and the compressed gas pipeline is provided with variable valve and switch, and air forging hammer can be adjusted the position of its relative sample; The master oscillator frequenc regulating device is arranged on frame) and air forging hammer between.
Described air forging hammer upper end is supported on upper rack crossbeam lower surface by vertical air forging hammer rigid support; The master oscillator frequenc regulating device is arranged between upper rack crossbeam and the air forging hammer rigid support.
Described master oscillator frequenc regulating device is bed course, changes the material of bed course and the master oscillator frequenc that thickness can change sample bottom environment.
Described bed course material is leather.
Described dead load load maintainer comprises lever, depression bar and counterweight, and lever one end is hinged on the frame, and the other end is by pallet carry counterweight, and depression bar applies permanent load to sample straight down.
The ratio of described permanent load and failing load is 0.2:1～0.8:1.
Described measurement mechanism comprises blasting vibration instrument, nonmetal sonic detection instrument and static strain tester.
Described master oscillator frequenc regulating device is to be arranged between sample and the frame and the bed course between upper rack crossbeam and the air forging hammer.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that has of cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method of the present invention is:
1, accurately simulates disturbing load to the damaged condition of sample, it is identical with the field measurement master oscillator frequenc to utilize the master oscillator frequenc regulating device can adjust the master oscillator frequenc of sample in the experiment, the output unit that changes the disturbance load maintainer is identical with field measurement peak value vibration velocity with the peak value vibration velocity that the contact position of following bearing plate can change sample, can reach laboratory condition with on-the-spot identical, data can accurately instruct practice of construction more accurately near real data;
2, easy to operate, can change the pressure of air forging hammer arbitrarily by variable valve, easy to adjust.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the experimental provision structural representation of cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the peak value vibration velocity is with the curve synoptic diagram of variable in distance between air forging hammer and the sample.
Fig. 3 is the curve synoptic diagram that master oscillator frequenc changes with air forging hammer pressure.
Wherein: 1, lever 2, depression bar 3, counterweight 4, pallet 5, last bearing plate 6, bed course 7, sample 8, following bearing plate 9, compressed gas pipeline 10, variable valve 11, air compressor machine 12, switch 13, air forging hammer 14, air forging hammer rigid support 15, frame.
Embodiment
Fig. 1～3rd, the most preferred embodiment of cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1～3.
With reference to accompanying drawing 1: the accurate analogue means of this blast disturbance shock load, comprise frame 15, dead load load maintainer and disturbance load maintainer, the rectangular through-hole that frame 15 bottoms connect for front and back between the plate of the left and right sides, frame 15 tops are provided with crossbeam, the dead load load maintainer comprises the lever 1 of horizontally set, and lever 1 one ends are hinged on frame 15 tops, and the other end stretches out frame 15 and hinged pallet 4, counterweight 3 is placed on the pallet 4, and lever 1 below is connected with a vertical depression bar 2 in frame 15.
Depression bar 2 lower end screw threads are connected with bearing plate 5 on the circle of level, the following bearing plate 8 that in frame 15 bottoms be provided with rectangle corresponding with last bearing plate 5, sample such as obturation or rock 7 is between upper and lower bearing plate 5,8, and the area of following bearing plate 8 is greater than the area of last bearing plate 5.Upper and lower bearing plate 5,8 and sample 7 between be provided with bed course 6, bed course 6 by unlike material, perhaps can be under uniform pressure by the bed course 6 of identical material different-thickness, make down bearing plate 8 produce different master oscillator frequencs, make down the master oscillator frequenc of bearing plate 8 identical with the master oscillator frequenc of field measurement by adjustment, the data that record of experiment have more practicality more near True Data like this.
The disturbance load maintainer comprises the air forging hammer 13 that vertically is fixed on down bearing plate 8 upper surfaces, air forging hammer 13 is positioned at the outside of bearing plate 5, the air intake opening of air forging hammer 13 is connected with air compressor machine 11 by compressed gas pipeline 9, and compressed gas pipeline 9 is provided with variable valve 10 and switch 12.By the dynamics that impacts that variable valve 10 can be regulated air forging hammer 13, simulate the disturbances of the different sizes of construction generations such as different explosions, 13 actions of switch 12 control air forging hammer.
Table one
With reference to Fig. 2～3: table one is that the different disturbing loads of experiment, distance are to the influence of peak value vibration velocity and master oscillator frequenc, as shown in Figure 2, under the identical disturbing load, the peak value vibration velocity changes with the variable in distance of air forging hammer 13 with sample 7, and master oscillator frequenc is constant; As shown in Figure 3, air forging hammer 13 is identical with the distance of sample 7, and master oscillator frequenc changes with the variation of disturbing load.
Test used measurement mechanism and comprise blasting vibration instrument, nonmetal sonic detection instrument and static strain tester.
Concrete experimental procedure is as follows:
Step 1: the several pressure of field measurement and distance be master oscillator frequenc and the peak value vibration velocity at scene down, and cemented fill is chosen at the scene, a plurality of samples 7 of the identical size of making in laboratory.Pressure can specifically be selected 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa and 0.6MPa, and distance can specifically be selected 6cm, 12cm, 18cm and 24cm.
Step 2: utilize pressing machine that a sample 7 is damaged by pressure, obtain the broken ring load of sample 7
It is uniaxial compressive strength.
Step 3: an intact sample 7 is put between the upper and lower bearing plate 5,8, bearing plate 5 makes it closely contact with sample 7 in the adjustment, detecting instruments such as blasting vibration instrument, nonmetal sonic detection instrument and static strain tester are installed, the blasting vibration instrument probe is surveyed master oscillator frequenc and the peak value vibration velocity of bearing plate 8 down, nonmetal sonic detection instrument is connected sample 7 with the static strain tester, and the connection computing machine, adjust the permanent loaded load that is loaded on the sample 7 by counterweight 3
,
,
Between 0.2～0.8, choose.
Step 4: by between air forging hammer rigid support 14 upper ends and frame 15 upper beam, also laying bed course 6, and upper and lower bearing plate 5,8 and sample 7 between lay bed course 6, with step 1 uniform pressure under, by 13 actions of switch 12 control air forging hammer, the blasting vibration instrument records down the master oscillator frequenc of bearing plate 8, make the master oscillator frequenc of experiment gained identical with the master oscillator frequenc of field measurement by adjusting bed course 6, determine kind and the thickness of used bed course 6.
Step 5: select the intact sample of another piece 7, identical in bed course 6 and the step 4, by changing air forging hammer 13 to the horizontal range of sample 7, with step 1 uniform pressure under, by 13 actions of switch 12 control air forging hammer, make the peak value vibration velocity of the following bearing plate 8 that the blasting vibration instrument records identical with field measurement peak value vibration velocity, determine that air forging hammer 13 is to the distance of sample 7.
Step 6: select the intact sample of another piece 7, change compressed gas pressure by variable valve 10, and then the shock load of 13 pairs of following bearing plates 8 of change air forging hammer, simulate the different disturbing loads that different burst sizes produce, nonmetal sonic detection instrument records the acoustic velocity of sample 7, and the static strain tester is measured the strain value of sample 7.
Table two be
=0.3, the pressure of air forging hammer 13 is the following experimental data of being done of the situation of 0.5MPa.
Velocity of sound reduced rate
Computing formula be:
, wherein v is acoustic velocity after the disturbance,
Be initial velocity of wave.
After 50 disturbances: top
The middle part
The bottom
Step 7: utilize sonic method to set up the rock mass injury tolerance
, integrity factor
Harmony speed reduced rate
Between relation:
Just can calculate the rock mass injury tolerance by the sonic velocity change value
Step 8: the sample 7 that tests in the step 6 is put on the pressing machine, it is damaged by pressure, obtain the broken ring load of sample 7 this moment
,
-
It namely is the intensity drop-out value of sample 7.
Step 9: the strain value that records by experiment can calculate the elastic modulus of sample 7.
Table two
Table three
Table four
Table three is to be 0.3MPa at pressure, changes bed course 6, and the different master oscillator frequencs that obtain are after 50 disturbances, with the corresponding acoustic velocity of master oscillator frequenc.Table four is to be 0.5MPa at pressure, and air forging hammer 13 and sample 7 different distances produce different peak value vibration velocities, the acoustic velocity corresponding with the peak value vibration velocity.By table three and table four as can be seen, master oscillator frequenc and peak value vibration velocity have bigger influence to experimental result, so the present invention demarcates master oscillator frequenc and peak value vibration velocity before experiment, and more accurate simulated field real data.
Table five
Table five is contrast experiments of cushioned layer 6 experiments, traditional experiment and field measurement, and initial acoustic velocity is identical, is 0.3MPa with the perturbation pressure, and distance is all example mutually and calculates, and upper, middle and lower portion is respectively 1.667,1.807 and 1.899km/s, sample 7 injury tolerances
Table six:
Table six
Can clearly find out by table six, the adjusting of master oscillator frequenc produces very large influence to experimental result, the direct accurate analog case of influence experiment, thus the present invention utilize bed course 6 regulate in the experiment under the master oscillator frequenc of bearing plate 8, it identically with field measurement is necessary fully.
A spot of experiment is difficult to avoid data error, must be through a large amount of experiment, and the influence of rejecting accidentalia improves the directive function to site operation.Experimental data provided by the present invention is the sub-fraction with directive significance for extracting from a large amount of experimental datas only.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not to be the restriction of the present invention being made other form, and any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.But every technical solution of the present invention content that do not break away to any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling that above embodiment does, still belongs to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention according to technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method, adopt integrated simulation system to experimentize, described integrated simulation system comprises frame (15), sample (7) is applied the dead load load maintainer of permanent load, sample (7) applied disturbance load maintainer and the measurement mechanism of disturbing load, it is characterized in that: also comprise the master oscillator frequenc regulating device, be used for being adjusted at the master oscillator frequenc of experiment sample (7) bottom of living in environment, make it identical with on-the-spot master oscillator frequenc; The disturbance load maintainer applies disturbing load in a plurality of positions of relative sample (7), is adjusted at the peak value vibration velocity of sample in the experiment (7) bottom of living in environment, makes it identical with on-the-spot peak value vibration velocity;
Concrete experimental procedure is as follows:
Step 1: under the disturbance of one group of preset pressure, master oscillator frequenc and peak value vibration velocity that actual measurement is on-the-spot, the scene is chosen experiment and is used material, makes a plurality of samples (7) of identical size;
Step 2: utilize pressing machine that a sample (7) is damaged by pressure, the broken ring load that obtains sample (7) is uniaxial compressive strength;
Step 3: an intact sample (7) is fixed on the frame (15), measurement mechanism is set, by the dead load load maintainer sample (7) is applied a permanent load less than broken ring load;
Step 4: apply the disturbing load identical with pressure in the step 1 by the disturbance load maintainer, make the master oscillator frequenc of sample in the experiment (7) bottom environment identical with field measurement master oscillator frequenc in the step 1 by the master oscillator frequenc regulating device;
Step 5: select the intact sample of another piece (7), adjust the horizontal range of disturbance load maintainer and sample (7), make the peak value vibration velocity of sample in the experiment (7) bottom environment identical with field measurement peak value vibration velocity;
Step 6: select the intact sample of another piece (7), change the disturbing load that the disturbance load maintainer loads, measure acoustic velocity and the strain value of sample (7);
Step 7: utilize sonic method, calculate the injury tolerance of sample (7) by the sonic velocity change value.
2. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described disturbance load maintainer comprises air forging hammer (13) and the air compressor machine (11) that is connected with air forging hammer (13) by compressed gas pipeline (9), compressed gas pipeline (9) is provided with variable valve (10) and switch (12), and air forging hammer (13) can be adjusted the position of its relative sample (7); The master oscillator frequenc regulating device is arranged between frame (15) and the air forging hammer (13).
3. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: be supported on frame (15) upper beam lower surface by vertical air forging hammer rigid support (14) on the described air forging hammer (13); The master oscillator frequenc regulating device is arranged between frame (15) upper beam and the air forging hammer rigid support (14).
4. according to each described cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that: described master oscillator frequenc regulating device is bed course (6), changes the material of bed course (6) and the master oscillator frequenc that thickness can change sample (7) bottom environment.
5. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described bed course (6) material is leather.
6. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described dead load load maintainer comprises lever (1), depression bar (2) and counterweight (3), lever (1) one end is hinged on the frame (15), the other end is by pallet (4) carry counterweight (3), and depression bar (2) applies permanent load to sample (7) straight down.
7. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ratio of described permanent load and failing load is 0.2:1～0.8:1.
8. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described measurement mechanism comprises blasting vibration instrument, nonmetal sonic detection instrument and static strain tester.
9. cemented fill explosion injury experiment analogy method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described master oscillator frequenc regulating device is for to be arranged between sample (7) and the frame (15) and the bed course (6) between frame (15) upper beam and the air forging hammer (13).
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Cited By (5)
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| CN105547844A (en) * | 2015-12-13 | 2016-05-04 | 华北理工大学 | Filling body-pillar system mechanical effect mechanism test method |
| CN109406281A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of tunnel butterfly destruction area similarity simulation experiment platform and experimental method |
| CN110412240A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-11-05 | 华北理工大学 | Obturation and the three-dimensional analog simulation experimental rig of country rock interaction rule and method |
| WO2020048184A3 (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2020-04-30 | 四川大学 | Voltage stabilisation mechanism, mechanical rheological experiment system, and test method therefor |
| CN113405906A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-17 | 江西理工大学 | Method for establishing damage model of initial damage-containing cemented filling body |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109406281A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-01 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of tunnel butterfly destruction area similarity simulation experiment platform and experimental method |
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| WO2020048184A3 (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2020-04-30 | 四川大学 | Voltage stabilisation mechanism, mechanical rheological experiment system, and test method therefor |
| CN113405906A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-09-17 | 江西理工大学 | Method for establishing damage model of initial damage-containing cemented filling body |
| CN113405906B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2024-03-12 | 江西理工大学 | Method for establishing damage model of cemented filling body containing initial damage |
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