CN103335816B - Optical turbulence sensor and method for combining multi-aperture glitter and differential image motion - Google Patents
Optical turbulence sensor and method for combining multi-aperture glitter and differential image motion Download PDFInfo
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- CN103335816B CN103335816B CN201310270194.2A CN201310270194A CN103335816B CN 103335816 B CN103335816 B CN 103335816B CN 201310270194 A CN201310270194 A CN 201310270194A CN 103335816 B CN103335816 B CN 103335816B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical turbulence sensor and a method for combining multi-aperture glitter and differential image motion. The optical turbulence sensor consists of a Febry lens, an exit pupil splitting mirror component, a CCD (charge coupled device) image sensor and a computer, and is characterized in that the Febry lens is used for matching an entrance pupil of a small telescope, so that the exit pupil is positioned on the exit pupil splitting mirror component; a combination focus of the Febry lens and the small telescope is positioned at a field diaphragm; an openable reflecting mirror, the field diaphragm with a through hole at the center, and the exit pupil splitting mirror component U1 are sequentially mounted on the same optical axis behind the Febry lens; a grid partitioning board and a field eye lens are arranged on a reflecting optical axis of the openable reflecting mirror; a folding mirror and the CCD image sensor are sequentially arranged on a reflected light path of the exit pupil splitting mirror component; the output end of the CCD image sensor is connected with the computer. Field installation and field adjustment of a system are facilitated; optical and mechanical structures are greatly simplified; influence from external vibration is avoided, so that the field installation and the field adjustment are facilitated and the reliability is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atmospheric optics field, being specifically related to a kind of multiple aperture that combines and glittering and the astronomical optics turbulence sensors of difference image moving, is a kind of sensor carrying out the measurement of astronomical optics turbulent parameters.The present invention also provides the measuring method of this astronomical optics turbulence sensors.
Background technology
When light wave transmits in turbulent atmosphere, light wave parameter (intensity, phase place and the direction of propagation etc.) rises and falls because of turbulent perturbation, this fluctuating result in the drift of light beam and expansion, image fuzzy.The existence of atmospheric turbulence directly affects high-resolution imaging, limits astronomical light-metering precision and telescope actual corners resolution, Observable spectral range etc.So to heavy caliber ground-based optical telescope, select outstanding astronomical observatory location and its optical table location parameter of long term monitoring most important.
Atmospheric coherence length, etc. the astronomical optics platform location parameters such as dizzy angle, turbulence profile, being the indispensable important parameter of astronomical observatory's addressing and astronomical sight, is also the important parameter in adaptive optics.
Wherein atmospheric coherence length characterizes the air coherence in a certain specific light path on certain horizontal spacing, also omnidistance atmospheric turbulence intensity is characterized, i.e. atmospheric seeing, it has impact to the number, Wavefront sensor aperture number, laser guide star power, sky coverage rate etc. of ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS deformable mirror actuator.
Characterize the angle-dependence of light wave wavefront being arrived observation station by atmospheric turbulence etc. dizzy angle, the angle between the two-beam arriving the different directions of system such as to exceed at the dizzy angle, and its correlativity will reduce rapidly.ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS correction visual field is directly affected etc. dizzy angle.
Seeing and etc. dizzy angle be description to omnidistance air, and turbulence profile is the distribution of turbulence intensity with height, reflects the details of atmospheric turbulence.It directly affects MCAO(Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics) in Computed Tomography for Air reconstruct number, distorting lens number and Conjugate height and GLAO(Ground Layer Adaptive Optics) efficiency etc.
The difference image moving monitor of current widespread use, by adding up the relative motion Real-Time Monitoring atmospheric seeing of single astrology two small-bore imagings in pupil plane.Its structure is simple, is widely used in station seeing and measures, and China is in Yunnan Observatory and the prosperous research station of Nation Astronomical Observatory, and the places such as western Astronomical Site Testing had difference image moving monitor to run.Its a kind of structure is: on opera glass (bore about 250-350mm) entrance pupil, place sub-aperture (50-100mm) template that is provided with two little angle of wedge wedge mirrors, make the wavetilt of arrival two sub-aperture, produce the not overlapping double image of same target satellite, ccd image sensor statistics star image barycenter difference variance, thus calculate seeing.
Based on etc. the relation of dizzy angle and turbulent flow, and glitter and the relation of turbulent flow, the method for most convenient utilizes fixed star light intensity to glitter the dizzy angles such as rate calculating.So pass through the dizzy angles such as the normalized light-intensity oscillation variance measurement of the annular aperture reception on statistics telescope entrance pupil.Based on atmospheric seeing and etc. the measuring method at dizzy angle, the instrument while of existing or by changing these two parameters of pupil template approximate measure.
The measurement means of turbulence profile mainly contains the methods such as sounding balloon, wind profile radar inverting and acoustic radar measurement, but they have respective deficiency, as data are, non-light-wave band is directly measured, measuring accuracy is not high, measuring distance is limited, need the supporting measurement of other parameters, limits target zone and the precision of measurement.And adopt the multiple aperture of light-wave band glitter sensor utilize glitter and turbulent flow relation can measure free atmosphere seeing, etc. the astronomical optics platform location parameter such as dizzy angle and approximate turbulence profile.
Glittering and difference image moving sensor at the combination multiple aperture of light-wave band measurement by CTIO development and design, can measure simultaneously whole atmosphere seeing, free atmosphere seeing, etc. multiple astronomical optics platform locations parameter such as dizzy angle and approximate turbulence profile, there is real-time superiority
Be successfully configured Cerro Tololo, Mauna Kea, Cerro Paranal, 30 meters of telescope addressing points, South Pole Dome C etc. carry out the measurement of platform location.
China there is no successful Application combination multiple aperture glitter and difference image moving sensor measure, also lack the research to its gordian technique.But combination multiple aperture glitters and difference image moving sensor to there is difficulty of processing high, debug the problems such as difficulty, such as: the difficulty of processing of Pupil Segmentation mirror (PSU) is large, its size is little, comprise a circular aperture and three homocentric annular apertures, ecto-entad three rings are of a size of: overall diameter 5.5mm interior diameter 3.9mm, overall diameter 3.85mm interior diameter 2.2mm and overall diameter 2.15mm interior diameter 1.3mm, center diameter of a circle 1.27mm.Each sub-aperture is relative to 8 °, the angle of inclination of PSU main shaft, and the anglec of rotation of adjacent sub-aperture is 30 °, and the minute surface of PSU is concave surface, radius-of-curvature 250mm.PSU material is copper, is optical surface through polishing, chromium plating successively on copper, aluminium mirror coating and SiO diaphragm.For PSU processed complex with when needing PSU quantity many, CTIO proposes to copy the high-quality PSU processed, and obtains the Pupil Segmentation mirror of organic glass.Combination multiple aperture glitters in addition and the laboratory optics of difference image moving sensor debugs complexity, accuracy requirement is high, such as: the inclination of PSU, 4 imaging lens that Pupil Segmentation mirror is corresponding are different along the rotation of both direction, the rotation etc. of two sub-mirrors of DIMM passage and the deviation mirror of correspondence thereof.
Therefore, need a kind of new astronomical optics turbulence modulation instrument at present, it fully simplifies combination multiple aperture and glitters and difference image moving sensor construction, meets scene simultaneously and debugs conveniently, reliably and with long-term.And not yet there is this measuring instrument in prior art.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention: provide a kind of multiple aperture that combines to glitter and the astronomical optics turbulence sensors of difference image moving and measuring method thereof, this be a kind of can measure simultaneously whole atmosphere seeing, free atmosphere seeing, etc. the astronomical optics turbulence sensors of dizzy angle and approximate turbulence profile, it is simple that this sensor has structure, debug conveniently, the advantage of good reliability.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of multiple aperture that combines glitters and the astronomical optics turbulence sensors of difference image moving, split mirror element, CCD image sensor and computing machine formed by Febry lens (Fabry lens), emergent pupil, it is characterized in that: described Febry lens are for mating the entrance pupil of race glass, emergent pupil is positioned on emergent pupil segmentation mirror element, and the combined focal of these Febry lens and described race glass is positioned at field stop place; On the same optical axis in rear of these Febry lens, be provided with successively: can the catoptron (abbreviation catoptron) of folding, center is with the field stop of through hole and emergent pupil segmentation mirror element U1; Described can folding catoptron reflection optical axis on, be provided with grid graticule (abbreviation graticule) and visual field eyepiece (abbreviation eyepiece); On the reflected light path of emergent pupil segmentation mirror element, be provided with refrative mirror and ccd image sensor successively; The output of described ccd image sensor connects computing machine.
Described emergent pupil segmentation mirror element is made up of two the identical catoptrons be evenly distributed on same semicircle and multianode microchannel sensitive detection parts;
Photocathode, microchannel plate and concentric ring disc anode battle array are installed in the vacuum chamber of described multianode microchannel sensitive detection parts successively.
To above-mentioned each component content and be used as following explanation:
After catoptron bullet closes, from single starlight by race glass and Febry lens imaging on graticule.After catoptron flicks, starlight converges at the central through hole place of field stop by race glass and Febry lens, and unobstructedly by through hole, is projected on emergent pupil segmentation mirror element and is divided into three beams light wave; Two-beam ripple images on ccd image sensor through refrative mirror and measures for whole atmosphere seeing; Another Shu Guangbo is directly transmitted in the sensitive detection parts of multianode microchannel, for measurement of glittering, computing machine utilize glitter and the relation of turbulent flow directly measure free atmosphere seeing and etc. dizzy angle, use inverse problem computational algorithm to recover approximate turbulence profile simultaneously.
In other words, the technical scheme completing the application's second invention task is: combinations thereof multiple aperture glitters and the measuring method of astronomical optics turbulence sensors of difference image moving, and it is characterized in that, step is as follows:
. first catoptron bullet is closed, from single starlight by race glass and Febry lens imaging on graticule;
(2). after catoptron flicks, starlight converges at the central through hole place of field stop by race glass and Febry lens, and unobstructedly by through hole, is projected on emergent pupil segmentation mirror element and is divided into three beams light wave;
. step (2) in emergent pupil segmentation mirror element is divided into two-beam ripple in three beams light wave, image on ccd image sensor through refrative mirror and measure for whole atmosphere seeing;
. step (2) in emergent pupil segmentation mirror element on another Shu Guangbo be divided in three beams light wave be directly transmitted in the sensitive detection parts of multianode microchannel, for measurement of glittering;
. computing machine utilize glitter and the relation of turbulent flow directly measure free atmosphere seeing and etc. dizzy angle, use inverse problem computational algorithm to recover approximate turbulence profile simultaneously.
Relative to prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: in (1) structure, grid graticule and visual field eyepiece facilitate system for field to debug.(2) multianode microchannel sensitive detection parts segmentation emergent pupil, greatly simplify optics and physical construction, this method there is not yet open report so far.(3) in this technology, multianode microchannel detector, by direct detection emergent pupil light intensity, does not affect by extraneous vibration, facilitates combination multiple aperture and to glitter and the astronomical optics turbulence sensors scene of difference image moving is debug, greatly improve reliability.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is light channel structure figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2-1 and Fig. 2-2 is the structural representation of emergent pupil of the present invention segmentation mirror element and multianode microchannel sensitive detection parts respectively.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, combination multiple aperture glitters and the astronomical optics turbulence sensors of difference image moving, see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2-1, Fig. 2-2: supposing that combination multiple aperture glitters with the race glass parameter of the astronomical optics turbulence sensors proportioning of difference image moving is: bore is Φ 355.6mm, focal length is 3910mm, 400 ~ 700 nanometer broadband imagings, centre wavelength is 550 nanometers.
The entrance pupil of race glass images on emergent pupil segmentation mirror element U1 by the Febry lens 1 of focal length 140mm diameter of phi 25mm, the combined focal of Febry lens 1 and race glass is positioned at field stop 5 place simultaneously, the wherein thick 1mm of the diameter of phi 15mm of field stop 5, central through hole diameter is Φ 2mm.
The rear of Febry lens 1 is provided with successively: can the thick 3mm of the wide 15mm of the long 15mm of catoptron 2(of folding, be called for short catoptron), grid graticule 6(overall diameter Φ 22.5mm, be called for short graticule), visual field eyepiece 7(1.25 inch, 52 ° of visual fields, Omni 32mm, is called for short eyepiece), center is with field stop 5, emergent pupil segmentation mirror element U1, refrative mirror 3, the ccd image sensor 4 of through hole.Wherein be positioned at can the below of catoptron 2 of folding for graticule 6 and eyepiece 7.
Emergent pupil segmentation mirror element U1 comprises two identical catoptrons 9 and catoptron 10(focal length 272mm, overall diameter Φ 10mm), a multianode microchannel sensitive detection parts U1.1 and bearing 8, wherein multianode microchannel sensitive detection parts U1.1 comprises vacuum chamber 11, photocathode 14, microchannel plate 13 and annular concentric anode battle array 12, wherein annular concentric anode battle array 12 comprises the diameter of phi 1.25mm disk anode of the concyclic heart, interior diameter Φ 1.30mm overall diameter Φ 2.15mm ring dish anode, interior diameter Φ 2.20mm overall diameter Φ 3.85mm ring dish anode, interior diameter Φ 3.90mm overall diameter Φ 5.50mm ring dish anode, interior diameter Φ 5.55mm overall diameter Φ 8.00mm ring dish anode.
Catoptron 9 on emergent pupil segmentation mirror element U1 and catoptron 10 separate two-beam ripple, image on ccd image sensor 4, for measuring whole atmosphere seeing through refrative mirror 3; The thick 3mm of the wide 15mm of the long 10mm of refrative mirror 3; The model of ccd image sensor 4 is JAI-BM141GE.
Multianode microchannel sensitive detection parts U1.1 on emergent pupil segmentation mirror element U1 separates a branch of light wave, and this light wave is projected on photocathode 14.Annular concentric anode battle array 12 is collected from the charge packet of the electronics on photocathode 14 after microchannel plate 13 doubles, and realizes single star multiple aperture and to glitter measurement.
Finally, through air comprehensive parameter measuring analysis software calculate after can obtain whole atmosphere seeing, free atmosphere seeing, etc. the astronomical optics platform location parameter such as dizzy angle and approximate turbulence profile.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is combined multiple aperture and glitters and the astronomical optics turbulence sensors of difference image moving, split mirror element, CCD image sensor and computing machine formed by Febry lens, emergent pupil, it is characterized in that: described Febry lens are for mating the entrance pupil of race glass, emergent pupil is positioned on emergent pupil segmentation mirror element, and the combined focal of these Febry lens and described race glass is positioned at field stop place; On the same optical axis in rear of these Febry lens, be provided with successively: can the catoptron of folding, center is with the field stop of through hole and emergent pupil segmentation mirror element U1; Described can folding catoptron reflection optical axis on, be provided with grid graticule and visual field eyepiece; On the reflected light path of emergent pupil segmentation mirror element, be provided with refrative mirror and described ccd image sensor successively; The output of described ccd image sensor connects computing machine;
Starlight converges at the central through hole place of field stop by race glass and Febry lens, and unobstructedly by through hole, is projected on emergent pupil segmentation mirror element and is divided into three beams light wave; Two-beam ripple wherein images on described ccd image sensor through refrative mirror and measures for whole atmosphere seeing; Another Shu Guangbo is directly transmitted in the sensitive detection parts of multianode microchannel, for measurement of glittering; Computing machine utilize glitter and the relation of turbulent flow directly measure free atmosphere seeing and etc. dizzy angle, use inverse problem computational algorithm to recover approximate turbulence profile simultaneously.
2. combination multiple aperture according to claim 1 glitters and the astronomical optics turbulence sensors of difference image moving, it is characterized in that, described emergent pupil segmentation mirror element is made up of two the identical catoptrons be evenly distributed on same semicircle and multianode microchannel sensitive detection parts.
3. combination multiple aperture according to claim 2 glitters and the astronomical optics turbulence sensors of difference image moving, it is characterized in that, photocathode, microchannel plate and concentric ring disc anode battle array are installed in the vacuum chamber of described multianode microchannel sensitive detection parts successively.
4. combination multiple aperture according to claim 1 glitters and the assay method of astronomical optics turbulence sensors of difference image moving, and it is characterized in that, step is as follows:
. first catoptron bullet is closed, from single starlight by race glass and Febry lens imaging on grid graticule;
(2). after catoptron flicks, starlight converges at the central through hole place of field stop by race glass and Febry lens, and unobstructedly by through hole, is projected on emergent pupil segmentation mirror element and is divided into three beams light wave;
. step (2) in emergent pupil segmentation mirror element is divided into two-beam ripple in three beams light wave, image on ccd image sensor through refrative mirror and measure for whole atmosphere seeing;
. step (2) in emergent pupil segmentation mirror element on another Shu Guangbo be divided in three beams light wave be directly transmitted in the sensitive detection parts of multianode microchannel, for measurement of glittering;
. computing machine utilize glitter and the relation of turbulent flow directly measure free atmosphere seeing and etc. dizzy angle, use inverse problem computational algorithm to recover approximate turbulence profile simultaneously.
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| US6279393B1 (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2001-08-28 | Mountain High E&S | System for isotropically measuring fluid movement in three-dimensions |
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| CN202975364U (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-06-05 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Atmospheric optical parameter measuring instrument for Antarctic plateau astronomical site selection |
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Patent Citations (4)
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| US4920808A (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1990-05-01 | Roland Sommer | Device and method for measuring the flow velocity of a free flow in three dimensions |
| US6279393B1 (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2001-08-28 | Mountain High E&S | System for isotropically measuring fluid movement in three-dimensions |
| CN103048701A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-17 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Atmospheric optical parameter measurer for astronomical site survey |
| CN202975364U (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-06-05 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Atmospheric optical parameter measuring instrument for Antarctic plateau astronomical site selection |
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