CN103334763B - 一种盾构穿越硬质岩层对临近桩基影响的控制方法 - Google Patents

一种盾构穿越硬质岩层对临近桩基影响的控制方法 Download PDF

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CN103334763B
CN103334763B CN201310227360.0A CN201310227360A CN103334763B CN 103334763 B CN103334763 B CN 103334763B CN 201310227360 A CN201310227360 A CN 201310227360A CN 103334763 B CN103334763 B CN 103334763B
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shield
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CN103334763A (zh
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钟小春
王媛
王慧洁
叶文龙
王红飞
倪小东
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Hohai University HHU
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种盾构穿越硬质岩层对临近桩基影响的控制方法,包括以下步骤:步骤一,建立盾构掘进有限元数值分析模型,分析在硬质岩层中盾构推力和扭矩对临近桩基的影响,并对影响程度作出评价;步骤二,在桩基临近盾构掘进侧竖向开槽,开槽深度为从桩基顶部至盾构掘进的隧道下方2-3m,在槽中放入测斜管并伸出地面,槽中填充软体材料,槽顶加盖保护;步骤三,盾构低速掘进,利用测斜管对桩基水平位移监控并根据监测数据进行反馈调整盾构掘进参数。该方法工艺简单、操作方便,通过从桩基顶至隧道底下2-3m竖向开槽并填充软体材料,将盾构掘进对桩基的挤压变形消耗在槽中填充的软体材料中,从而达到保护临近桩基的目的,确保桩基安全,解决了硬质岩层中盾构临近施工对建筑物影响问题,更加有效地利用地下空间。

Description

一种盾构穿越硬质岩层对临近桩基影响的控制方法
技术领域
本发明属于地下工程施工技术领域,特别涉及一种盾构穿越硬质岩层对临近桩基影响的控制方法。
背景技术
随着城市基础建设的发展,对地下空间开发的需求也逐渐增长,盾构法隧道施工是一种在底面下暗挖建造隧道的施工方法,具有自动化程度高、不同地质条件适宜性强、对城市居民和建筑物的影响小、在软弱地层中有利于控制地表沦陷、安全性高等优点。
随着地下空间开发强度越来越高,施工环境日益复杂,盾构掘进有时不得不近距离穿过建筑物及其桩基。目前常用的方法是对受盾构施工影响范围内的土体进行注浆加固,采取注浆加固的办法将盾构掘进传来的挤压力进行隔断,从而保护临近的桩基。然而,这种注浆加固的方法不仅施工周期长、成本高,而且往往只是针对软土中的桩基,应用范围窄。对于硬质岩层中的桩基,由于本身硬质岩层具有很高的强度,注浆加固后只是进一步提高了硬质岩层介质的强度,盾构掘进传过来的挤压力会更大,对桩基的影响更大,没有达到注浆加固的预期,反而适得其反。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明的目的是提供一种盾构穿越硬质岩层对临近桩基影响的控制方法。
技术方案:本发明提供的一种盾构穿越硬质岩层对临近桩基影响的控制方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一,建立盾构掘进有限元数值分析模型,分析在硬质岩层中盾构推力和扭矩作用对临近桩基的影响程度,并作出评价;
步骤二,在桩基临近盾构掘进侧竖向开槽,开槽深度为从桩基顶部至盾构掘进的隧道下方2-3m,在槽中放入测斜管并伸出地面,槽中填充软体材料,槽顶加盖保护;
步骤三,盾构低速掘进,通过测斜管监测桩基水平位移,根据监测数据进行反馈调整盾构掘进速度、推力和扭矩。
其中,步骤(2)中,所述软体材料为粉细砂和陶粒中的一种或两种。
其中,步骤(3)中,盾构掘进速度在10mm/min以内。
有益效果:本发明提供的盾构穿越硬质岩层对临近桩基影响的控制方法工艺简单、操作方便,通过从桩基顶至隧道底下2-3m竖向开槽并填充软体材料,将盾构掘进对桩基的挤压变形消耗在槽中填充的软体材料中,从而达到保护临近桩基的目的,确保桩基安全,解决了硬质岩层中盾构临近施工对建筑物影响问题,更加有效地利用地下空间。
本发明提供的盾构穿越硬质岩层对临近桩基影响的控制方法,旨在解决越来越多的盾构近距离穿越建筑物和地下管线的施工方法,最大限度降低对建筑物影响的问题;在硬质岩层中桩基通常都是端承桩,桩头压力通过桩直接传导至桩端,本发明通过切开桩侧与硬质岩层之间的联系,能够将硬岩传来的压力和变形进行隔断,将传导过来的能量全部消耗在软体材料隔离层上,从而确保硬质岩层中桩基安全。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。然而,本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的具体的物料配比、工艺条件及其结果仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1
某地铁盾构埋深14.5m,盾构直径6.34m,粉质粘土层、粘土、强风化岩层、中风化岩层组成,地下水位在地表以下2.3m。在紧邻盾构隧道建有一框架结构(地上12层,地下2层),采用钢筋混凝土钻孔灌注桩结构形式,主要依靠端承阻力提供桩基的承载力,桩径1.5m,混凝土等级C40,单桩竖向抗压承载力特征值16000kN,该桩全部进入中风化闪长岩。
利用本发明盾构穿越硬质岩层对临近桩基影响的控制方法进行施工,步骤如下:
步骤一,建立盾构掘进有限元数值分析模型,分析在硬质岩层中盾构推力和扭矩对临近桩基影响,并对影响程度作出评价;
所建立的数值分析模型包含了地基岩层单元、桩基单元、建筑物结构单元和隧道单元等,可以考虑盾构施工过程中相关参数对桩基的影响,如盾构推力、扭矩和掘进速度等施工参数。
经计算分析,没有布设软隔离层之前,桩的最大水平位移1.7mm,最大附加弯矩265kN·m;在桩基临近隧道侧布设0.2m厚的软隔离层后,桩的最大水平位移0.9mm,最大附加弯矩73kN·m。
步骤二,在桩基临近盾构掘进侧竖向开槽,开槽深度为从桩基顶部至盾构掘进的隧道下方2-3m,在槽中放入测斜管并伸出地面,槽中填充软体材料,槽顶加盖保护;软体材料为粉细砂,可选地,软体材料也可以根据需要合理选择,优选地为陶粒、或者粉细砂和陶粒的混合物;
步骤三,盾构速度控制在10mm/min以内低速掘进,通过测斜管监测桩基水平位移,根据监测数据降低盾构掘进速度、推力和扭矩,从而减少了对临近桩基的影响;
监测数据表明:桩侧向最大水平位移为0.5mm,该框架结构没有出现墙体裂缝,盾构近距离穿越基本上没有对建筑物造成影响。

Claims (2)

1.一种盾构穿越硬质岩层对临近桩基影响的控制方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一,建立盾构掘进有限元数值分析模型,分析在硬质岩层中盾构推力和扭矩作用对临近桩基的影响程度,并作出评价;
步骤二,在桩基临近盾构掘进侧竖向开槽,开槽深度为从桩基顶部至盾构掘进的隧道下方2-3m,在槽中放入测斜管并伸出地面,槽中填充软体材料,槽顶加盖保护;所述软体材料为粉细砂和陶粒中的一种或两种;
步骤三,盾构低速掘进,通过测斜管监测桩基水平位移,根据监测数据进行反馈调整盾构掘进速度、推力和扭矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种盾构穿越硬质岩层对临近桩基影响的控制方法,其特征在于:盾构掘进速度在10mm/min以内。
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