CN103334104A - Laser cladding method for obtaining low-dilution-rate coat - Google Patents
Laser cladding method for obtaining low-dilution-rate coat Download PDFInfo
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- CN103334104A CN103334104A CN2013102887161A CN201310288716A CN103334104A CN 103334104 A CN103334104 A CN 103334104A CN 2013102887161 A CN2013102887161 A CN 2013102887161A CN 201310288716 A CN201310288716 A CN 201310288716A CN 103334104 A CN103334104 A CN 103334104A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cladding method for obtaining a low-dilution-rate coat. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out laser cladding by adopting a Gaussian-distribution or approximate-Gaussian-distribution laser beam in a negative defocus mode to make the focal plane of the laser beam positioned below the surface of a workpiece; and carrying out laser cladding in the negative defocus bode by utilizing the beam cross-section energy density distribution characteristics of the Gaussian-distribution or approximate-Gaussian-distribution laser beam in a propagation path to control the negative defocus amount in the laser cladding process in a range of 4-50mm in order to obtain the laser cladding cot having an extremely low dilution rate and having a good metallurgic combination with the workpiece.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the laser melting and coating technique field, particularly a kind of laser cladding method that adopts the laser beam acquisition low dilution rate coating of Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution.
Background technology
In field of laser cladding, the laser beam of present used laser apparatus output mostly is Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution.The distribution of such laser beam beam cross section energy density presents central authorities' little characteristics in big edge, when carrying out laser melting coating, often causes the cladding coating thinning ratio higher, and coating edge and workpiece bond quality are poor, influence performance and the quality of cladding coating.Thinning ratio is typically expressed as the percentage that workpiece substrate melting area section area accounts for the cladding coating total cross-sectional area, under the prerequisite that guarantees cladding coating and workpiece metallurgical binding, thinning ratio is more low, the performance of cladding coating is more good, in general, thinning ratio is thought low dilution rate in 2%～10% scope.
Guarantee simultaneously that in order to obtain the low dilution rate coating coating is combined with the workpiece excellent metallurgical, need to change the laser source that energy even distributes, or Gaussian laser beam is carried out optical beam transformation, make being evenly distributed of energy, this will cause system cost to increase, or system is more complicated.
For the negative out of focus mode of laser beam, it is the technology mode (otherwise being positive out of focus mode) that the laser beam focal plane is positioned at the workpiece surface below, although laser power density reduces and increases with defocusing amount, usually be not used in laser melting coating, but in negative out of focus zone, the laser beam spot energy distribution is even, as long as can be optimized control to the powder feeding rate of laser output power, laser scanning speed and cladding powder, can obtain the cladding coating of low dilution rate.
The present invention is by the laser beam hot spot energy density distribution Study of variation law on travel path to Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution, propose to adopt the method for negative out of focus, under the laser beam condition of Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution, obtain the cladding coating of low dilution rate.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
In view of this, main purpose of the present invention provides a kind of laser cladding method that adopts the laser beam acquisition low dilution rate coating of Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution, with the laser beam that solves Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution because its big edge of cross section energy density distribution central authorities is little, behind laser melting coating, cause the cladding coating thinning ratio higher, the problem of coating edge and workpiece bond quality difference, finally obtain low dilution rate, with the quality coating of the good metallurgical binding of workpiece.
(2) technical scheme
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of laser cladding method that obtains the low dilution rate coating, this method is to adopt the laser beam of Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution to carry out laser melting coating, adopts negative out of focus mode, the laser beam focal plane is positioned at the workpiece surface below, specifically comprises:
Step 1: before laser melting coating, determine the laser beam focal plane position;
Step 2: the laser melting coating head with after the workpiece work surface overlaps, is moved along workpiece work surface normal direction in the laser beam focal plane, make it near workpiece, determine the miles of relative movement of laser melting coating head;
Step 3: after having determined laser melting coating head position, the side direction powder-feeding nozzle of laser melting coating is fixed, made the side direction powder-feeding nozzle alignment pieces work surface laser irradiation position of laser melting coating;
Step 4: determine the processing parameter of laser melting coating, comprise the powder feeding rate of laser output power, laser scanning speed, cladding powder at least;
Step 5: after setting processing parameter, laser melting coating head outgoing laser beam, the laser melting coating head begins mobile according to the sweep velocity of setting simultaneously, the cladding powder sprays from the side direction powder-feeding nozzle, fall into the laser beam irradiation zone, fusing also forms the molten bath at workpiece surface, along with removing of laser beam, the molten bath rapid solidification forms cladding coating.
In the such scheme, determine the laser beam focal plane position described in the step 1, adopt coaxial CCD imaging method, condensing lens focometry method or laser pulse ablative method uniformly-spaced.
In the such scheme, the miles of relative movement of the head of laser melting coating described in the step 2 is negative defocusing amount, and the scope of this negative defocusing amount is 4～50mm.
In the such scheme, laser output power described in the step 4 is at 300W～5000W, and laser scanning speed is at 2mm/s～20mm/s, and the powder feeding rate is at 2g/min～25g/min.
In the such scheme, this method adopts the synchronous powder feeding system mode.Described synchronous powder feeding system mode is side direction synchronous powder feeding system mode or coaxial synchronous powder feeding system mode, and wherein side direction synchronous powder feeding system angular range is 10 °～80 °.Described synchronous powder feeding system mode can be replaced by the fore-put powder mode.
In the such scheme, workpiece surface described in the step 5 is plane or curved surface.
In the such scheme, the laser beam of described Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution is by the solid statelaser of the laser beam with Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution or CO
2Laser apparatus produces.Described solid statelaser or CO
2Laser apparatus is continuous wave laser or pulsed laser.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention is the characteristics of utilizing the laser beam of Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution beam cross section energy density distribution on travel path, setting laser bundle focal plane namely adopts negative out of focus mode to carry out laser melting coating below the required workpiece surface that carries out laser melting coating processing.Its effect comprises: it is extremely low 1. to obtain the laser cladding coating thinning ratio, good with the workpiece metallurgical binding; 2. technology is simple, easy handling; 3. need not to change the laser source that energy even distributes, reduce the laser melting coating cost; 4. need not Gaussian laser beam is carried out optical beam transformation, system architecture is simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram that Gaussian beam focuses on; Among the figure: a-bears the out of focus zone, the positive out of focus of b-zone.
Fig. 2 is the process schematic representation of the laser melting coating of acquisition low dilution rate coating provided by the invention; Among the figure: 1-workpiece, 2-cladding coating, 3-laser beam, 4-laser melting coating head, 5-side direction powder-feeding nozzle.
Fig. 3 is the cross section pattern according to the laser melting coating sample of the low dilution rate coating of the present invention's acquisition, among the figure: c-cladding coating, d-workpiece.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Laser beam for Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution, because its cross section energy density distribution presents central authorities' little characteristics in big edge, net result behind the laser melting coating is: on the one hand, cladding coating and workpiece bond quality are poor, directly influence quality and the life-span of cladding coating; On the other hand, the thinning ratio of cladding coating is bigger, directly influences the performance of cladding coating.Laser melting coating requires under the prerequisite of cladding coating and workpiece metallurgical binding, and the thinning ratio of cladding coating is low as far as possible, reduces workpiece substrate to the cladding coating Effect on Performance.Therefore, the laser beam that realize Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution carries out laser melting coating and obtains the low dilution rate coating, must control the energy density in laser irradiation zone well, makes its homogenizing as far as possible.
Through discovering, Gaussian laser beam is after collimation, focusing, and energy density there are differences on travel path.In negative out of focus zone, the beam cross section energy density is even relatively, and particularly beam cross section edge energy density is slightly high, is conducive to the metallurgical binding of cladding coating edge and workpiece, specifically can be with reference to negative out of focus zone a among Fig. 1 and positive out of focus zone b.
Under negative out of focus situation, need to optimize processing parameter, comprising: the powder feeding rate of laser output power, laser scanning speed and cladding powder.The control laser output power is in 300W～5000W scope, laser scanning speed is between 2mm/s～20mm/s, the powder feeding rate of cladding powder is in 2g/min～25g/min scope, guarantee that the cladding powder is subjected to the beam energy of irradiated site enough big, the cladding powder is melted fully, meanwhile the cladding powder can block laser energy again, the laser energy that enters the workpiece surface irradiated site is reduced, by the adjustment of laser scanning speed, control laser is to the energy input of workpiece surface at last.
To sum up, the present invention is for the laser cladding process of the laser beam of Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution, propose to adopt negative out of focus mode to carry out laser melting coating, be that the laser beam focal plane is positioned at the workpiece surface below, with reference to Fig. 2, the laser cladding method of acquisition low dilution rate coating provided by the invention, this method is to adopt the laser beam of Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution to carry out laser melting coating, adopt negative out of focus mode, the laser beam focal plane is positioned at the workpiece surface below, specifically may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: before laser melting coating, determine the laser beam focal plane position.Determine that focal plane position has several different methods, can adopt coaxial CCD imaging method, condensing lens focometry method, method such as laser pulse ablation uniformly-spaced.
Step 2: laser melting coating head 4 with after workpiece 1 work surface overlaps, is moved along workpiece 1 work surface normal direction in the laser beam focal plane, make it near workpiece 1, determine the miles of relative movement of laser melting coating head 4, this miles of relative movement is negative defocusing amount.Through technological test repeatedly, finally require to determine that according to different claddings negative defocusing amount range of choice is 4～50mm, the selection of defocusing amount also must be considered factors such as laser apparatus peak power output, laser melting coating head 4 condensing lens focal lengths and laser melting coating head 4 concrete geometrical dimensions.
Step 3: after having determined laser melting coating head 4 positions that the side direction powder-feeding nozzle 5 of laser melting coating is fixing, make the side direction powder-feeding nozzle 5 of laser melting coating aim at the laser irradiation position.Wherein automatic powder feeding system is side direction synchronous powder feeding system mode, 10 °～80 ° of side direction powder feeding angular ranges.Present embodiment is not limited to side direction synchronous powder feeding system mode, also can adopt coaxial synchronous powder feeding system mode; Be not limited to the synchronous powder feeding system mode, also can adopt the fore-put powder mode (namely to preset the cladding powder at the workpiece work surface, by the direct irradiation of laser beam, cladding powder and workpiece work surface skim are melted simultaneously, form the molten bath, the cooling back obtains cladding coating).
Step 4: determine the processing parameter of laser melting coating, comprise the powder feeding rate of laser output power, laser scanning speed, cladding powder at least.
Step 5: after setting processing parameter, laser melting coating head 4 outgoing laser beams 3, laser melting coating head 4 begins mobile according to the sweep velocity of setting simultaneously, the cladding powder sprays from side direction powder-feeding nozzle 5, fall into the laser beam irradiation zone, fusing also forms the molten bath on workpiece 1 surface, along with removing of laser beam 3, the molten bath rapid solidification forms cladding coating 2.So, along with the movement of laser melting coating head 4, press target setting on workpiece 1 surface and implement laser melting coating.
The used laser apparatus of the present invention comprises solid statelaser, the CO with Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution laser beam
2Laser apparatus both can be continuous wave laser, also can be pulsed laser.The laser coating and powder feeding mode both can be the synchronous powder feeding system mode, also can be the fore-put powder mode, and wherein the synchronous powder feeding system mode both can be side direction synchronous powder feeding system mode, also can be coaxial synchronous powder feeding system mode.Laser cladding method of the present invention is applicable to iron-based, Ni-based, cobalt-based self-fluxing alloyed powder, and the laser melting coating at ceramic powder and metal-ceramic composite powder end both had been applicable to that the surface was the workpiece on plane, is applicable to that also the surface is the workpiece of curved surface.
Embodiment
Present embodiment is to adopt the laser cladding method of acquisition low dilution rate coating provided by the invention to carry out the experiment of laser melting coating single track.Use the Nd:YAG all solid state laser, output rating is 1000W, adopts negative out of focus mode, and defocusing amount is 11mm, carries out the single track laser melting coating, and sweep velocity is 5mm/s.The laser melting coating workpiece material is Q235, and the surface is the plane, and the cladding powder is Fe901+Cr
3C
2Composite powder, powder feeding rate are 8.5g/min, adopt side direction synchronous powder feeding system mode, and the powder feeding angle is 45 °, powder feeding gas flow 3L/min.Cladding sample cross section pattern such as Fig. 3, cladding coating c cross section pattern is good, and workpiece d melting range is minimum, so thinning ratio is extremely low, and there are " white band " plane crystalline substance in cladding coating c and workpiece d junction simultaneously, and metallurgical binding is good.Laser cladding method proposed by the invention, solved the problem that obtains cladding coating thinning ratio height, edge and workpiece bond quality difference when the laser beam that adopts Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution carries out laser melting coating, improved the coating quality, for the efficient high quality laser melting coating of big area lays the foundation.
Above-described specific embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the above only is specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a laser cladding method that obtains the low dilution rate coating is characterized in that, this method is to adopt the laser beam of Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution to carry out laser melting coating, adopts negative out of focus mode, and the laser beam focal plane is positioned at the workpiece surface below, specifically comprises:
Step 1: before laser melting coating, determine the laser beam focal plane position;
Step 2: the laser melting coating head with after the workpiece work surface overlaps, is moved along workpiece work surface normal direction in the laser beam focal plane, make it near workpiece, determine the miles of relative movement of laser melting coating head;
Step 3: after having determined laser melting coating head position, the side direction powder-feeding nozzle of laser melting coating is fixed, made the side direction powder-feeding nozzle alignment pieces work surface laser irradiation position of laser melting coating;
Step 4: determine the processing parameter of laser melting coating, comprise the powder feeding rate of laser output power, laser scanning speed, cladding powder at least;
Step 5: after setting processing parameter, laser melting coating head outgoing laser beam, the laser melting coating head begins mobile according to the sweep velocity of setting simultaneously, the cladding powder sprays from the side direction powder-feeding nozzle, fall into the laser beam irradiation zone, fusing also forms the molten bath at workpiece surface, along with removing of laser beam, the molten bath rapid solidification forms cladding coating.
2. laser cladding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, determines the laser beam focal plane position described in the step 1, adopts coaxial CCD imaging method, condensing lens focometry method or laser pulse ablative method uniformly-spaced.
3. laser cladding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the miles of relative movement of the head of laser melting coating described in the step 2 is negative defocusing amount, and the scope of this negative defocusing amount is 4～50mm.
4. laser cladding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, laser output power described in the step 4 is at 300W～5000W, and laser scanning speed is at 2mm/s～20mm/s, and the powder feeding rate is at 2g/min～25g/min.
5. laser cladding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this method adopts the synchronous powder feeding system mode.
6. laser cladding method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described synchronous powder feeding system mode is side direction synchronous powder feeding system mode or coaxial synchronous powder feeding system mode, and wherein side direction synchronous powder feeding system angular range is 10 °～80 °.
7. laser cladding method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described synchronous powder feeding system mode can be replaced by the fore-put powder mode.
8. laser cladding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, workpiece surface described in the step 5 is plane or curved surface.
9. laser cladding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the laser beam of described Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution is by the solid statelaser of the laser beam with Gaussian distribution or approximate Gaussian distribution or CO
2Laser apparatus produces.
10. laser cladding method according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described solid statelaser or CO
2Laser apparatus is continuous wave laser or pulsed laser.
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| CN104759756A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Laser welding technology in which powder laser cladding is replaced with sheet lapping |
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| CN111020568A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-17 | 广东工业大学 | Laser cladding method for inhibiting cracking of cladding layer and cladding layer prepared by laser cladding method |
| CN113388832A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-09-14 | 浙江大学 | Copper-based composite material with high-hardness conductive surface and laser additive manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113584477A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of ultra-high-speed laser cladding iron-based amorphous coating |
| CN113755834A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-12-07 | 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 | Process for laser cladding of nickel-based alloy powder in inner cavity of copper alloy die glass mold |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104759756A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Laser welding technology in which powder laser cladding is replaced with sheet lapping |
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| CN107671289B (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2019-09-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of process control method of the rare earth modified enhancing aluminium alloy laser 3D printing of low melting loss of elements |
| CN111020568A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-17 | 广东工业大学 | Laser cladding method for inhibiting cracking of cladding layer and cladding layer prepared by laser cladding method |
| CN113388832A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-09-14 | 浙江大学 | Copper-based composite material with high-hardness conductive surface and laser additive manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113755834A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-12-07 | 江苏智远激光装备科技有限公司 | Process for laser cladding of nickel-based alloy powder in inner cavity of copper alloy die glass mold |
| CN113584477A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-11-02 | 西安交通大学 | Preparation method of ultra-high-speed laser cladding iron-based amorphous coating |
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Application publication date: 20131002 |