CN103333187B - Be applicable to the preparation method of the LiODFB electrolytic salt of industrial mass production - Google Patents

Be applicable to the preparation method of the LiODFB electrolytic salt of industrial mass production Download PDF

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CN103333187B
CN103333187B CN201310303302.1A CN201310303302A CN103333187B CN 103333187 B CN103333187 B CN 103333187B CN 201310303302 A CN201310303302 A CN 201310303302A CN 103333187 B CN103333187 B CN 103333187B
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lithium
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boron
containing compound
oxalate
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CN103333187A (en
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Qidong Tianfen Electric Tool Technology Innovation Center
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Abstract

The invention provides the preparation technology of a kind of difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium (LiODFB) electrolytic salt, first be that 2 ~ 6:2 ~ 6:1 ~ 3 amount adds in ball grinder by fluorine-containing salt compounds, lithium-containing compound, boron-containing compound by the mol ratio of fluorine element, elemental lithium, boron, under temperature is 5 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C conditions, ball milling is placed in retort furnace for 2 hours ~ 24 hours, then through 80 DEG C ~ 850 DEG C thermal treatments 2 hours ~ 24 hours; Then raw material pyroprocessing crossed is that 1 ~ 5:1 ~ 3 amount mixes with oxalate in a solvent by the ratio of oxalate and boron, and 0 DEG C ~ 160 DEG C are reacted 1 hour ~ 12 hours; Repeatedly purify finally by organic solvent and obtain desired product.Advantage of the present invention is: the little corrodibility of material toxicity is low, and environmental friendliness does not have the rigors such as anticorrosive, high pressure resistant to equipment, and preparation technology is simple, less investment, is applicable to industrial mass production.

Description

Be applicable to the preparation method of the LiODFB electrolytic salt of industrial mass production
The application is divisional application, the application number of original bill: 2011101689535, invention and created name: a kind of preparation method of lithium oxalyldifluoroborateelectrolyte electrolyte salt, the applying date: 2011-6-22.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacturing technology field of lithium ion battery electrolyte salt, specifically the preparation method of a kind of difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium (LiODFB) electrolytic salt.
Background technology
At present, commercial conventional lithium salts is lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF 6), LiPF 6facile hydrolysis, poor heat stability, can form HF immediately with when residual water contacts in the moisture in air or solvent, has a negative impact to the performance of battery.Usual LiPF 6share with NSC 11801 (EC) and be made into electrolytic solution and could form effective solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film at negative pole, but the fusing point of EC higher (37 DEG C), limit the low temperature use properties of battery.
Now, large quantifier elimination starts the Synthesis and application being devoted to new lithium salts, ites is desirable to find can replace existing lithium salts, the novel substance that performance is more excellent.LiBF4 (LiBF 4) relative to LiPF 6insensitive to ambient moisture, charge migration resistance is little at low temperatures, and thus low-temperature performance is better than LiPF 6, but be used alone the capacity and coulombic efficiency decline that can cause lithium ion battery; Biethyl diacid lithium borate (LiBOB) Heat stability is good, there is good electrochemical stability, can be formed on graphite and stablize and the SEI film of densification, improve the cycle performance of battery, but dissolve hardly in the solvent (particularly linear carbonates class) of part low-k, and the SEI membrane resistance formed is very large, low-temperature performance is poor, and application is restricted.
What current industry attracted most attention is comprise half LiBOB and half LiBF in molecular structure 4the new lithium salts of molecule---LiODFB.Because LiODFB has LiBF 4part-structure, so low-temperature performance increases, there is again the part-structure of LiBOB simultaneously, also there is good high-temperature behavior, and unlike LiBOB to impurity and moisture so responsive.The solubleness of LiODFB in linear carbonate solvent is larger, therefore has higher specific conductivity, and can make fusing point lower solvent PC(-49 DEG C) form stable SEI film on graphite cathode surface, use problem to provide favourable prerequisite for solving battery low temperature.The positive electrode material of LiODFB to manganese base and iron-based has good thermostability, and LiODFB can also improve the resistance to abuse of lithium ion battery.Due to LiODFB, it combines LiBOB and LiBF 4the advantage of two kinds of lithium salts, its over-all properties is better than present any one lithium salts, is expected to the new lithium salts becoming alternative existing electrolyte lithium salt.
The preparation of LiODFB compounds, at first with LiBF 4, CH (CF 3) 2oLi and H 2c 2o 4for raw material, be reaction medium (EP:1195834A2) with carbonic ether or acetonitrile (AN) polar aprotic solution, the purity of products therefrom is lower. 11b nucleus magnetic resonance shows, unreacted LiBF 4content up to more than 15%, and LiBF 4close with the solubleness of LiODFB in common organic solvents, be separated comparatively difficulty.The method improved is (EP:1308449A2): at low temperatures with carbonic ether or AN for solvent, at reaction promoter AlCl 3or SiCl 4effect under, make H 2c 2o 4with LiBF 4direct reaction, generates LiODFB.After improving, the purity of products therefrom has and significantly improves, unreacted LiBF 4content be down to about 0.5%.But this reaction generates corrosive HF, and temperature too low (-50 DEG C), raw material is LiBF simultaneously 4, cause preparation cost higher.
For overcoming these shortcomings, S.S.Zhang is by BF 3o (CH 2cH 3) 2with Li 2c 2o 4react in DMC, prepared the LiODFB that purity is higher.The thick product DMC of gained LiODFB or other aprotic solvent carry out recrystallization, the service requirements of lithium ion battery electrolyte lithium salts is reached after a recrystallization, the method shows great superiority in material choice and preparation condition, has become the general method for making of LiODFB.But raw material boron trifluoride ether solution used has strong impulse and aggressive, meet naked light burning, pyrolytic decomposition produces poisonous gas, meets moisture aloft and is hydrolyzed immediately, generate the hydrogen fluoride smog of severe toxicity during decomposition.So this method weak point has: (1) brings harm to staff's health and environment, and (2) corrosion resistance nature to equipment has higher requirement, and (3) cost of investment is large.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: a kind of safety and environmental protection is provided and lower difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium salt requires to the corrosion resistance nature of equipment prepare synthesis technique.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the fluorine-containing salt compounds adopting toxicity lower is raw material, high temperature solid-state pre-treatment is carried out after mixing with boron-containing compound, lithium-containing compound, then react generation white product in a solvent with oxalate compound again, this white product obtains difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium after purifying.Concrete technology step is as follows:
1, raw materials pretreatment
By fluorine-containing salt compounds, lithium-containing compound, boron-containing compound in grinding in ball grinder, then the raw material that ball milling is good is placed in retort furnace, heat up heating, makes it to react.
The mol ratio of above-mentioned fluorine element, elemental lithium, boron is 2 ~ 6:2 ~ 6:1 ~ 3, Ball-milling Time is 0.5 hour ~ 20 hours, ball milling temperature is 5 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, heat treatment environment is air, nitrogen, argon gas or vacuum environment, treatment temp is 80 DEG C ~ 850 DEG C, and the reaction times is 2 hours ~ 24 hours.
Above-mentioned fluorine-containing salt compounds comprises: one or more in lithium fluoride, Neutral ammonium fluoride, ammonium bifluoride, ammonium borofluoride, magnesium fluoride; Described lithium compound comprises: one or more in lithium hydroxide, Quilonum Retard, lithium bicarbonate, Lithium Oxide 98min, lithium fluoride, oxalic acid hydrogen lithium; Described boron compound comprises: one or more in boric acid, borax, boron trioxide, metaboric acid.
2, product preparation
The raw material above-mentioned pyroprocessing crossed moves in solvent, to be mixed evenly after add a certain amount of oxalate compound to this solvent again, by removal of solvents after reacting completely, obtain white product.
The ratio of above-mentioned oxalate and boron is 1 ~ 5:1 ~ 3, and the reaction times is 1 hour ~ 12 hours, and temperature of reaction is 0 DEG C ~ 160 DEG C.
Above-mentioned oxalate compound comprises: one or more in lithium oxalate, oxalic acid.Above-mentioned solvent comprises: one or more in water, ether, glycol dimethyl ether, methylcarbonate, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, acetone, dioxolane, Methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate.
3, product is purified
Put into container after white product grinding step 2 obtained, add purification solvent post-heating, filtering insolubles after cooling, evaporative crystallization obtains desired difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium, can repeatedly purify as required.
Above-mentioned purification solvent used comprises: one or more in methylcarbonate, ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone, Methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dioxolane, ethyl acetate.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: material toxicity is little, corrodibility is low, and environmental friendliness does not have the rigors such as anticorrosive, high pressure resistant to equipment, and preparation technology is simple, less investment, is applicable to industrial mass production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the X-ray diffractogram of the difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium that synthesis technique of the present invention obtains.
Embodiment
Below by specific examples, the invention will be further described, but the present invention should not be only limitted to these embodiments.
embodiment one
Lithium fluoride, boric acid and oxalic acid is adopted to be that difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium prepared by raw material.
Step one, get boric acid 30.9g, lithium fluoride 26g puts into ball grinder, mixing and ball milling 12 hours at 5 DEG C, planetary ball mill rotating speed is 380 revs/min.
Step 2, the raw material that above-mentioned ball milling is good is placed in retort furnace, is warming up to 350 DEG C under nitrogen protection, constant temperature 20 hours, makes it to carry out complete reaction.
Step 3, the raw material after above-mentioned process is transferred in suitable quantity of water, heats while stirring, after it mixes, add 94.8g oxalic acid again, after reacting completely, solution is put into air dry oven and remove moisture, obtain white product.
Step 4, by white product porphyrize, then put into container, add 1500g methylcarbonate, encloses container post-heating also stirs, and namely micro-boiling stop heating, filtering insolubles after cooling, evaporation of filtrate stops heating time muddy to appearance, add a small amount of isopropyl ether after cooling, filter after crystal is separated out completely and obtain 67g difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium, its purity is 99.56% after testing.
embodiment two
Lithium fluoride, boron trioxide and oxalic acid is adopted to be that difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium prepared by raw material.
Step one, get boron trioxide 17.5g, lithium fluoride 26g puts into ball grinder, mixing and ball milling 12 hours at 5 DEG C, planetary ball mill rotating speed is 380 revs/min.
Step 2, the raw material that above-mentioned ball milling is good is placed in retort furnace, is warming up to 400 DEG C under nitrogen protection, constant temperature 20 hours, makes it to carry out complete reaction.
Step 3, the raw material after above-mentioned process is transferred to suitable quantity of water, heats while stirring, after it mixes, add 94.8g oxalic acid again, after reacting completely, solution is put into air dry oven and remove moisture, obtain white product.
Step 4, by white product porphyrize, then put into opening reactor, add 1500g methylcarbonate, encloses container post-heating also stirs, and namely micro-boiling stop heating.Filtering insolubles after cooling, stop heating when evaporation of filtrate is muddy to appearance, add a small amount of isopropyl ether after cooling, after crystal is separated out completely, namely filtering solvent obtains 64g difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium, and its purity is 99.62% after testing.

Claims (1)

1. the preparation method of a lithium oxalyldifluoroborateelectrolyte electrolyte salt, it is characterized in that comprising: carry out high temperature solid-state pre-treatment by after fluorine-containing salt compounds, lithium-containing compound, boron-containing compound mixing, then react generation white product in a solvent with oxalate compound again, this white product obtains difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium after purifying;
Described fluorine-containing salt compounds is: lithium fluoride; Described lithium-containing compound comprises: one or more in lithium hydroxide, Quilonum Retard, lithium bicarbonate, Lithium Oxide 98min, lithium fluoride, oxalic acid hydrogen lithium; Described boron-containing compound is boric acid;
The oxalate of described oxalate compound and the mol ratio of boron are 1 ~ 5:1 ~ 3, and the reaction times is 1 hour ~ 12 hours, and temperature of reaction is 0 DEG C ~ 160 DEG C;
Described oxalate compound is oxalic acid;
Described high temperature solid-state pre-treatment comprises: by fluorine-containing salt compounds, lithium-containing compound, boron-containing compound in grinding in ball grinder, then the raw material that ball milling is good is placed in retort furnace, and heat up heating, makes it to react;
Wherein, Ball-milling Time is 0.5 hour ~ 20 hours, and ball milling temperature is 5 DEG C ~ 80 DEG C, and heat treatment environment is air, nitrogen, argon gas or vacuum environment, and treatment temp is 80 DEG C ~ 850 DEG C, and the reaction times is 2 hours ~ 24 hours.
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CN103265569A (en) * 2013-05-17 2013-08-28 太原理工大学 Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate synthesis method
CN104230970B (en) * 2013-06-21 2017-02-15 湖南省正源储能材料与器件研究所 Preparation method of lithium difluorooxalatoborate electrolyte
CN104557995B (en) * 2013-10-12 2017-02-15 陈琛 Preparation method of lithium oxalyldifluoroborate
WO2016077303A1 (en) * 2014-11-13 2016-05-19 Basf Corporation Electrolytes and metal hydride batteries
CN105541890B (en) * 2016-01-27 2017-08-29 太原理工大学 A kind of synthetic method of difluoro oxalate Boratex
CN108912155A (en) * 2018-08-29 2018-11-30 苏州松湖新能源材料有限公司 A kind of preparation method of difluoro oxalate borate
CN111153918A (en) * 2019-12-16 2020-05-15 山东石大胜华化工集团股份有限公司 Preparation method of lithium bis (oxalato) borate
CN112093806B (en) * 2020-07-30 2022-03-08 浙江工业大学 Synthesis method of lithium halide borate
CN112093807B (en) * 2020-07-30 2022-02-11 浙江工业大学 Method for synthesizing lithium halogenated borate by using boric acid
CN112830498B (en) * 2020-11-13 2022-08-30 厦门永力鑫新能源科技有限公司 Lithium salt and preparation method thereof, lithium ion battery electrolyte additive, lithium ion battery electrolyte and lithium ion battery

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