CN106785045B - A kind of preparation method of difluorophosphate, lithium-ion battery electrolytes and ion battery - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of difluorophosphate, lithium-ion battery electrolytes and ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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Abstract
The invention belongs to battery material technical fields, and in particular to a kind of preparation method, lithium-ion battery electrolytes and the ion battery of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive difluorophosphate.The preparation method of the difluorophosphate is to use lithium metaphosphate and lithium hexafluoro phosphate for raw material, synthesizes difluorophosphate under inert atmosphere conditions.The lithium-ion battery electrolytes include difluorophosphate 1-3%, electrolytic salt 15-23% and organic solvent 75-82%.Lithium metaphosphate of the present invention and lithium hexafluoro phosphate are raw material, the difluorophosphate with higher yields, high-purity is prepared by one-step method, yield is up to 92% or more, purity is up to 93% or more, the use of nonaqueous solvents, simple process is omitted, raw material sources enrich, is cheap, difluorophosphate has preferable interface compatibility, improves the cyclical stability of lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to battery material technical fields, and in particular to a kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive difluorophosphoric acid
Preparation method, lithium-ion battery electrolytes and the ion battery of lithium.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery due to it is high with specific capacity, have extended cycle life, self discharge is small and and advantages of environment protection, mesh
Before be widely used to various Mobile portable formula electronics fields, and be considered as Development of EV, photovoltaic engineering etc. weight
The mating power supply of ideal applied greatly.Currently, the lithium ion battery of commercialization is recycled thousands of times, but its cycle life still needs
It further increases to efficiently use lithium ion battery technology.Therefore, the cyclicity for promoting lithium ion battery is the current new energy in the whole world
The hot issue of source domain urgent need to resolve.
From the point of view of the development process of lithium ion battery, the electrolyte for the lithium ion battery being commercialized at present mainly using
Carbonic acid plastidome, it is poor in the thermodynamic stability of negative terminal surface, therefore, establish metastable electrode/electrolyte two-phase
Interface is particularly important to the cyclical stability for improving battery.The cyclicity for the lithium ion battery being commercialized at present depends primarily on electricity
Solve the composition and characteristic of liquid, the especially selection of electrolysis additive.Therefore, function admirable and the addition of cheap electrolyte
The exploitation of agent is always the emphasis of lithium ion secondary battery research.
Chinese patent application CN105800582A discloses a kind of preparation method that difluorophosphoric acid buries and lithium ion battery is non-
Aqueous electrolyte, under inert gas protection, using organic solvent as reaction medium, make hexafluorophosphoric acid bury with including ether compound
Layer reacts in the reaction vessel containing PFA or PTFE protective layer, and reaction temperature is 50-150 DEG C, reaction time 5-20h, reaction
After by product filtering, be dried to obtain difluorophosphate product.The invention further relates to the difluorophosphates of above method preparation
Lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte, including following component: difluorophosphate: 0.5-2.0 %；Electrolytic salt: 15-20%；Have
Solvent: 80-85%.Difluorophosphate is prepared by this method, easy to operate, mild condition, purification is convenient, can obtain high-purity
Spend difluorophosphate.But such synthetic method is needed using ethers reaction medium, the removal of ether solvent is at high cost, and
It is low to obtain difluorophosphate purity.
Chinese patent CN101208266B is disclosed a kind of prepared using general inexpensive materials in simple method and can be used
Make the difluorophosphoric acid salt of secondary cell non-water electrolytic solution additive.The difluorophosphoric acid salt is existed by lithium hexafluoro phosphate and carbonate
Reaction preparation in nonaqueous solvents.Moreover, the present invention includes the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of secondary cell, which includes non-aqueous
Solvent, and be dissolved in the nonaqueous solvents as at least one hexafluorophosphate of electrolyte lithium salt and further difluoro phosphorus
Hydrochlorate, the difluorophosphoric acid salt of wherein at least part are provided in the form of liquid reacting product, which includes
React the difluorophosphoric acid salt to be formed in nonaqueous solvents with carbonate by lithium hexafluoro phosphate.But such synthetic method needs
Nonaqueous solvents is used, needs to remove nonaqueous solvents further to obtain solid difluorophosphate, step is complicated, and products obtained therefrom is pure
It spends low.
Summary of the invention
To overcome drawbacks described above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes additive difluorophosphoric acids
Preparation method, lithium-ion battery electrolytes and the ion battery of lithium.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of preparation method of difluorophosphate uses lithium metaphosphate and lithium hexafluoro phosphate for raw material, in inert atmosphere item
Difluorophosphate is synthesized under part.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the lithium metaphosphate and lithium hexafluoro phosphate is 1.8:1-2.3:1.
Preferably, the reaction condition of the lithium metaphosphate and lithium hexafluoro phosphate are as follows: 160-200 DEG C of reaction 12-18h, then
It is warming up to 280-350 DEG C the reaction was continued 18-24h.
Preferably, the reaction vessel of the lithium metaphosphate and lithium hexafluoro phosphate is the stainless steel water thermal response of polytetrafluoro liner
Kettle.
Preferably, the inert atmosphere is argon gas or nitrogen.
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes containing above-mentioned difluorophosphate, including difluorophosphate 1-3%, electrolyte
Salt 15-23% and organic solvent 75-82%.
Preferably, the electrolytic salt is LiPF6、LiBF4、LiCF3CO2、LiCF3SO3、LiN(FSO2)2、LiN
(CF3SO2)2With LiN (C2F5SO2)2One or more of mixture.
Preferably, the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, carbonic acid
One or more of combination in vinylene, propene carbonate, methyl carbonate and 1- fluorinated ethylene carbonate.
Preferably, the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and vinylene carbonate
Mixing.
A kind of ion battery containing above-mentioned lithium-ion battery electrolytes, the negative electrode of lithium ion battery are artificial graphite.
Positive beneficial effect of the invention:
1. lithium metaphosphate of the present invention and lithium hexafluoro phosphate are raw material, prepared by one-step method with higher yields, high-purity
The difluorophosphate of degree, for yield up to 92% or more, the use of nonaqueous solvents, simple process, raw material is omitted up to 93% or more in purity
It is abundance, cheap, there is significant practical value and good application prospect.
2. difluorophosphate of the present invention has preferable interface compatibility, can be on the graphite cathode surface of lithium ion battery
Film forming, effectively improves the stability at electrode/electrolyte interface, improves the cyclical stability of lithium ion battery, circulation is after 200 weeks
Capacity retention ratio up to 92% or more, provide an effective way to optimize the performance of lithium ion battery.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the nuclear-magnetism of 1 difluorophosphate of the embodiment of the present invention31P spectrum；
Fig. 2 is the cyclical stability figure of lithium ion battery prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to some specific embodiments, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
By 8.59 g lithium metaphosphates and 7.60g lithium hexafluoro phosphate (molar ratio of the two is 2:1) (gloves under an argon
In case) it is sufficiently mixed uniformly, it is subsequently transferred in the stainless steel hydrothermal reaction kettle of polytetrafluoro liner, in 180 DEG C in Muffle furnace
12 h are reacted, are then to slowly warm up to 350 DEG C the reaction was continued for 24 hours, after reaction kettle is completely cooling, be transferred to argon atmosphere gloves
In case, obtained solid is opened and collected, product difluorophosphate is obtained, according to product quality, yield 95%, according to nuclear-magnetism31P
Spectrum, purity 97%, the nuclear-magnetism of product31P is composed referring to Fig. 1.
As shown in Figure 1, difluorophosphate anion manufactured in the present embodiment31Triplet is presented in P spectrum, and chemical shift is respectively
23.563ppm, 15.824ppm, 8.085ppm illustrate the fluorine atom being bonded in product with phosphorus atoms totally two, and chemical shift
Meet the structure feature of difluorophosphoric acid root anion with integral.
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes of above-mentioned difluorophosphate, including difluorophosphate 1.5%, electrolytic salt
20.0% and organic solvent 78.5%, the electrolytic salt is LiPF6, the organic solvent be ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate,
The mixing of methyl ethyl carbonate and vinylene carbonate, four mass ratioes are 1:1:1:0.04.
It is positive pole with ferrous phosphate lithium electrode, artificial graphite electrode is cathode, to add above-mentioned difluorophosphate and not add
The difluorophosphate added is electrolyte, assembles lithium ion battery, and test difluorophosphate additive recycles lithium ion battery steady
It qualitatively influences, as a result sees Fig. 2.
As shown in Figure 2, excellent cyclical stability is shown using the lithium ion battery of the present embodiment difluorophosphate, is followed
Capacity retention ratio after ring 200 weeks is up to 94%, hence it is evident that is higher than un-added lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 2
By 7.73g lithium metaphosphate and 7.60g lithium hexafluoro phosphate (molar ratio of the two is 1.8:1) (hand under an argon
In casing) it is sufficiently mixed uniformly, it is subsequently transferred in the stainless steel hydrothermal reaction kettle of polytetrafluoro liner, in 160 in Muffle furnace
DEG C 18 h of reaction are then to slowly warm up to 280 DEG C the reaction was continued for 24 hours, after reaction kettle is completely cooling, be transferred to argon atmosphere hand
In casing, obtained solid is opened and collected, obtains product difluorophosphate, yield 92%, purity 95%.
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes of above-mentioned difluorophosphate, including difluorophosphate 3.0%, electrolytic salt
15.0% and organic solvent 82.0%, the electrolytic salt is LiBF4, the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate.
It is positive pole with ferrous phosphate lithium electrode, artificial graphite electrode is cathode, to add above-mentioned difluorophosphate and not add
The difluorophosphate added is electrolyte, assembles lithium ion battery, and test difluorophosphate additive recycles lithium ion battery steady
Qualitatively influence.Excellent cyclical stability is shown using the lithium ion battery of the present embodiment difluorophosphate, is recycled 200 weeks
Capacity retention ratio afterwards is up to 92%, hence it is evident that is higher than un-added lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 3
By 9.88 g lithium metaphosphates and 7.60g lithium hexafluoro phosphate (molar ratio of the two is 2.3:1) (hand under an argon
In casing) it is sufficiently mixed uniformly, it is subsequently transferred in the stainless steel hydrothermal reaction kettle of polytetrafluoro liner, in 200 in Muffle furnace
DEG C 12 h of reaction, are then to slowly warm up to 350 DEG C the reaction was continued that 18h is transferred to argon atmospher gloves after reaction kettle is completely cooling
In case, obtained solid is opened and collected, obtains product difluorophosphate, rate 95%, purity 94%.
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes of above-mentioned difluorophosphate, including difluorophosphate 1.0%, electrolytic salt
20.0% and organic solvent 79.0%, the electrolytic salt is LiCF3CO2, the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, carbonic acid diformazan
The mixing of ester, methyl ethyl carbonate and vinylene carbonate, four mass ratioes are 1:1:1:0.05.
It is positive pole with ferrous phosphate lithium electrode, artificial graphite electrode is cathode, to add above-mentioned difluorophosphate and not add
The difluorophosphate added is electrolyte, assembles lithium ion battery, and test difluorophosphate additive recycles lithium ion battery steady
Qualitatively influence.Excellent cyclical stability is shown using the lithium ion battery of the present embodiment difluorophosphate, is recycled 200 weeks
Capacity retention ratio afterwards is up to 95%, hence it is evident that is higher than un-added lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 4
Under an argon atmosphere by 9.02g lithium metaphosphate and 7.60g lithium hexafluoro phosphate (molar ratio of the two is 2.1:1)
(in glove box) is sufficiently mixed uniformly, is subsequently transferred in the stainless steel hydrothermal reaction kettle of polytetrafluoro liner, in Muffle furnace in
190 DEG C of 15 h of reaction, are then to slowly warm up to 320 DEG C the reaction was continued that 21h is transferred to argon atmospher after reaction kettle is completely cooling
In glove box, obtained solid is opened and collected, obtains product difluorophosphate, yield 94%, purity 93%.
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes of above-mentioned difluorophosphate, including difluorophosphate 2.0%, electrolytic salt
18.0% and organic solvent 80.0%, the electrolytic salt is LiCF3SO3, the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, carbonic acid diformazan
The mixing of ester and 1- fluorinated ethylene carbonate, three's mass ratio are 1:1:1.
It is anode with cobalt acid lithium electrode, artificial graphite electrode is cathode, to add above-mentioned difluorophosphate and un-added
Hexafluorophosphoric acid is electrolyte, assembles lithium ion battery, tests difluorophosphate additive to lithium ion battery cyclical stability
It influences.Excellent cyclical stability, appearance of the circulation after 200 weeks are shown using the lithium ion battery of the present embodiment difluorophosphate
Amount conservation rate is up to 93%, hence it is evident that is higher than un-added lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 5
By 9.45 g lithium metaphosphates and 7.60g lithium hexafluoro phosphate (molar ratio of the two is 2.2:1) (hand under an argon
In casing) it is sufficiently mixed uniformly, it is subsequently transferred in the stainless steel hydrothermal reaction kettle of polytetrafluoro liner, in 180 in Muffle furnace
DEG C 14 h of reaction, are then to slowly warm up to 310 DEG C the reaction was continued that 20h is transferred to argon atmosphere hand after reaction kettle is completely cooling
In casing, obtained solid is opened and collected, obtains product difluorophosphate, yield 93%, purity 94%.
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes of above-mentioned difluorophosphate, including difluorophosphate 2.5%, electrolytic salt
19.0% and organic solvent 78.5%, the electrolytic salt is LiN (FSO2)2, the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, carbonic acid two
The mixing of methyl esters, methyl ethyl carbonate and vinylene carbonate, four mass ratioes are 1:1:1:0.03.
It is anode with cobalt acid lithium electrode, artificial graphite electrode is cathode, to add above-mentioned difluorophosphate and un-added
Difluorophosphate is electrolyte, assembles lithium ion battery, tests difluorophosphate additive to lithium ion battery cyclical stability
Influence.Excellent cyclical stability is shown using the lithium ion battery of the present embodiment difluorophosphate, circulation is after 200 weeks
Capacity retention ratio is up to 94%, hence it is evident that is higher than un-added lithium ion battery.
Embodiment 6
By 8.16 g lithium metaphosphates and 7.60g lithium hexafluoro phosphate (molar ratio of the two is 1.9:1) (hand under nitrogen atmosphere
In casing) it is sufficiently mixed uniformly, it is subsequently transferred in the stainless steel hydrothermal reaction kettle of polytetrafluoro liner, in 170 in Muffle furnace
DEG C 16 h of reaction, are then to slowly warm up to 290 DEG C the reaction was continued that 22h is transferred to nitrogen atmosphere hand after reaction kettle is completely cooling
In casing, obtained solid is opened and collected, obtains product difluorophosphate, yield 94%, purity 96%.
A kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes of above-mentioned difluorophosphate, including difluorophosphate 2.0%, electrolytic salt
23.0% and organic solvent 75.0%, the electrolytic salt is LiN (CF3SO2)2, the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, carbonic acid
The mixing of dimethyl ester, methyl ethyl carbonate and vinylene carbonate, four mass ratioes are 1:1:1:0.04.
It is positive pole with ferrous phosphate lithium electrode, artificial graphite electrode is cathode, to add above-mentioned difluorophosphate and not add
The difluorophosphate added is electrolyte, assembles lithium ion battery, and test difluorophosphate additive recycles lithium ion battery steady
Qualitatively influence.Excellent cyclical stability is shown using the lithium ion battery of the present embodiment difluorophosphate, is recycled 200 weeks
Capacity retention ratio afterwards is up to 95%, hence it is evident that is higher than un-added lithium ion battery.
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, this field is common
Other modifications or equivalent replacement that technical staff makes technical solution of the present invention, without departing from technical solution of the present invention
Spirit and scope, be intended to be within the scope of the claims of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method of difluorophosphate, which is characterized in that use lithium metaphosphate and lithium hexafluoro phosphate for raw material, lazy
Difluorophosphate is synthesized under property atmospheric condition；
The molar ratio of the lithium metaphosphate and lithium hexafluoro phosphate is 1.8:1-2.3:1；
The reaction condition of the lithium metaphosphate and lithium hexafluoro phosphate are as follows: 160-200 DEG C of reaction 12-18h is then warming up to 280-
350 DEG C of the reaction was continued 18-24h.
2. the preparation method of difluorophosphate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the lithium metaphosphate and hexafluoro phosphorus
The reaction vessel of sour lithium is the stainless steel hydrothermal reaction kettle of polytetrafluoro liner.
3. the preparation method of difluorophosphate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the inert atmosphere be argon gas or
Person's nitrogen.
4. a kind of lithium-ion battery electrolytes of the difluorophosphate obtained containing preparation method described in claim 1, feature
It is, including difluorophosphate 1-3%, electrolytic salt 15-23% and organic solvent 75-82%.
5. lithium-ion battery electrolytes according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the electrolytic salt is LiPF6、
LiBF4、LiCF3CO2、LiCF3SO3、LiN(FSO2)2、LiN(CF3SO2)2With LiN (C2F5SO2)2One or more of mixing
Object.
6. lithium-ion battery electrolytes according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate
Ester, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate, propene carbonate, methyl carbonate and 1- fluoro
One or more of combination in ethylene carbonate.
7. lithium-ion battery electrolytes according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the organic solvent is ethylene carbonate
The mixing of ester, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate and vinylene carbonate.
8. a kind of lithium ion battery containing lithium-ion battery electrolytes as claimed in claim 4, the negative electrode of lithium ion battery
For artificial graphite.
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| CN109037777A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-18 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery |
| CN109422256A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-05 | 天津金牛电源材料有限责任公司 | A kind of preparation method of difluorophosphoric acid alkali metal salt |
| CN107482247A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-15 | 江苏楚汉新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of high-voltage lithium ion batteries |
| CN108862231A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-23 | 河南省法恩莱特新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of difluorophosphate |
| CN108862232A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-11-23 | 天津金牛电源材料有限责任公司 | A method of preparing high-purity difluorophosphate |
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| DE813848C (en) * | 1949-04-06 | 1951-09-17 | Bayer Ag | Production of salts of difluorophosphoric acid |
| JP2005053727A (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-03-03 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Method for manufacturing difluorophosphate |
| CN104114487A (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2014-10-22 | 斯特拉化工公司 | Method for producing difluorophosphate |
| CN105800582A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-27 | 衢州氟硅技术研究院 | Method for preparing difluoro-lithium phosphate and lithium-ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte |
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| DE813848C (en) * | 1949-04-06 | 1951-09-17 | Bayer Ag | Production of salts of difluorophosphoric acid |
| JP2005053727A (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-03-03 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | Method for manufacturing difluorophosphate |
| CN104114487A (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2014-10-22 | 斯特拉化工公司 | Method for producing difluorophosphate |
| CN105800582A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-27 | 衢州氟硅技术研究院 | Method for preparing difluoro-lithium phosphate and lithium-ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte |
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Address after: 450052 No. 85 South Songshan Road, Henan, Zhengzhou Patentee after: STATE GRID HENAN ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION ELECTRIC POWER SCIENCE Research Institute Patentee after: Henan jiuyu enpai Power Technology Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: State Grid Corporation of China Address before: 450052 No. 85 South Songshan Road, Henan, Zhengzhou Patentee before: STATE GRID HENAN ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION ELECTRIC POWER SCIENCE Research Institute Patentee before: HENAN ENPAI HIGH-TECH GROUP Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: State Grid Corporation of China |