CN103326225A - Device and method for realizing ship light - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for realizing ship light, and belongs to the field of optical engineering, and provides a device and method for generating output light beams with the spatial distribution shaped like a ship, the device comprises a concave-surface semi-circular ring holophote, a planar semi-circular ring partial holophote and a ship-shaped discharge tube to form a ship-shaped gas laser resonant cavity. The output light beams are obtained by means of the device, and a shape with a concaved middle and convex edges is obtained in the transmission space, and is similar to a ship, so that the light beams are called the ship light. The device and method for realizing the ship light can realize small-power and medium-high power distribution. The small-power ship light realized by the device and method can be applied to scientific researches like detonation or conveying of light and small articles, and the medium-high-power ship light can be applied to national defense like intercept or attach.

Description

A device and method for realizing ship light

technical field

The invention relates to the field of optical engineering, and mainly adopts a gas laser with a boat-shaped gas laser resonator composed of a concave semi-circular full-reflection mirror and a planar semi-circular partial reflection output mirror to obtain a ship-like distribution with a central depression and a raised edge. Apparatus and method for a gas laser beam. the

Background technique

When studying laser detonation waves, the shape of the laser beam affects the distribution of the plasma cloud, which in turn affects the control of light ships on light and small matter. According to the self-reproducibility theory, the shape of the laser beam is related to the shape of the resonant cavity. The conventional gas laser resonator is composed of a circular discharge tube and a circular mirror, so the shape of the laser is also in the form of a highly concentrated optical axis. Such a laser beam has a small contact surface with the target during detonation, and the control effect of the detonation wave on the target is similar to a thin rod, and the control effect on its direction is weak; when used as a light ship , the plasma cloud diverges in the vertical propagation direction, and the bearing surface for light and small matter is similar to a convex cylinder, and its bearing mode is unstable. the

Contents of the invention

This patent invents a method and device more suitable for detonation and light boats in response to the above phenomena, the purpose of which is to construct and provide a gas laser whose output beam spatial distribution shape appears ship light, and the output beam spatial distribution of the laser has edge bulges , The shape of the depression in the middle is similar to the shape of a boat, so it is named Chuanguang. The device of the present invention adopts two semi-circular reflectors and a boat-shaped discharge tube to form a boat-shaped gas laser resonant cavity, and rationally sets the cavity parameters so that the spatial distribution shape of the output beam is similar to the boat-shaped. Reasonable design of the size and power of the ship's light can achieve a larger-scale reasonable detonation control of the target's action direction and stable carrying of light and small substances. The invention can realize low power in tiny size and medium to high power output in large size. The low-power ship light realized by the invention can be used for scientific research such as detonation or transport of light and small substances, and the medium-high power ship light can be used for national defense such as interception or strike. the

The object of the present invention is implemented by the following measures: the device for realizing ship light is a boat-shaped carbon dioxide gas laser resonator, adopts the radio frequency discharge mode that is easy to realize glow discharge in the special-shaped discharge area, and the feature of the laser resonator is that its resonator is a boat-shaped resonator The resonant cavity is composed of two semi-cylindrical surfaces with co-rotating axes, a boat-shaped discharge tube composed of two long planes, and two semi-circular reflectors. A concave semi-circular total reflection mirror is attached to the bottom of the boat-shaped discharge tube. The top of the tube is attached to the flat semi-circular part to reflect the output mirror. The rotation axis of the two half-cylindrical surfaces is the optical axis of the boat-shaped resonator. The sub-cavity and the boat-shaped resonator can be regarded as the formation of the sub-cavity rotated 180 degrees around the optical axis. Each sub-cavity has its own optical axis, which is called the cavity axis. The output beam of each sub-cavity is a sub-beam, and the waist spot of the sub-beam Located at the position of the output mirror of the sub-cavity, the sub-beam rotates at a corresponding angle to form the output beam of the boat-shaped resonator, that is, the boat-shaped beam, referred to as boat light. The ship light realized by the present invention can be used in scientific research under the condition of small size and low power, such as irradiating target objects in space to generate detonation waves to control the direction of movement of the target objects, and carrying light and small substances in space, large size Medium and high-power carbon dioxide boat lights can be used for national defense to attack and intercept space targets. the

The discharge tube of carbon dioxide laser can be made of quartz, insulating material or partly insulating material and partly used as electrode metal material. Large-scale carbon dioxide laser adopts radio frequency discharge excitation or pre-ionization excitation mode, and the working mode is continuous. It uses fan to drive working gas and water cooling Heat dissipation mode, when the radio frequency power supply is modulated to perform pulse discharge, the working mode is pulse. the

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figures 1 and 2 are a schematic perspective view of the device and a schematic perspective view of the ship-shaped laser resonator for realizing the ship's light, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the sub-cavity of the device, and Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the sub-cavity and the optical axis.

In 1-4 of the accompanying drawings, 1 is the concave semi-circular total reflection mirror of the boat-shaped resonant cavity, which can be referred to as the total reflection mirror 1, and 2 is the planar semi-circular partial reflection output mirror of the boat-shaped resonant cavity, which can be referred to as the output mirror 2 , 3 is the semi-cylindrical outer wall of the boat-shaped discharge tube, which can be referred to as outer wall 3, 4 is the semi-cylindrical inner wall of the boat-shaped discharge tube, which can be referred to as inner wall 4, 5 and 6 are long strip-shaped side walls of the boat-shaped discharge tube, which can be referred to as Sidewalls 5 and 6, wherein 3, 4, 5 and 6 form discharge boat 8 together, and 7 is boat light. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a boat-shaped resonant cavity and a boat light. In the figure, the plane of (x ₁ , o ₁ , y ₁ ) is located on the plane of the inner surface of mirror 1, and the plane of (x ₂ , o ₂ , y ₂ ) in the figure is located on the plane of the mirror 2 The plane where the outer surface is located is also the starting plane of the ship-shaped resonator output beam ship light 7, r ₂ is the radius of the outer wall 3, and is also the outer radius of the semicircle of the mirror 1 and mirror 2, r ₁ is the radius of the outer wall 4, which is also the radius of the mirror 1 and the inner radius of the semicircle of mirror 2, the z-axis is the rotation axis of walls 3 and 4, and is also the optical axis of the boat-shaped resonant cavity and the optical axis of the boat light. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a concave-flat sub-cavity, the z' axis is the cavity axis of the sub-cavity, the concave mirror 1' is the longitudinal section of the mirror 1, which is the concave total reflection mirror of the concave-flat harmonic oscillator cavity, and the flat mirror 2' is the longitudinal section of the mirror 2 The cross-section is the planar partial reflection output mirror of the concave-planar resonator cavity. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the position of the concave-flat sub-cavity relative to the optical axis of the boat-shaped resonator. In Figure 4, the sub-cavity rotates 180 degrees around the z optical axis to form a boat-shaped resonator, and the concave mirror 1' rotates 180 degrees around the z optical axis to form a concave surface The semi-circular total reflection mirror 1, the concave mirror 2′ rotates 180 degrees around the z optical axis to form a plane semi-circular partial reflection output mirror 2, the distance between the sub-cavity axis z′ and the optical axis z is r, and the diameter of the sub-cavity is a, a is also the ring width of mirror 1 and mirror 2, the beam radius of the output beam of the sub-cavity at distance plane (x ₂ , o ₂ , y ₂ ) z is ω(z), the length of the sub-cavity is L, and The length of the boat-shaped resonant cavity, the radius of curvature of the concave mirror of the sub-cavity is R, the stimulated radiation along the cavity axis of the sub-cavity is amplified by the laser medium with the number of particles reversed in the cavity and reflected back and forth by the cavity mirror to further amplify and then exit. The light beam rotates 180 degrees around the z optical axis to form the boat light 7, and the depth of the central depression of the boat light 7 at z from the plane (x ₂ , o ₂ , y ₂ ) is r – ω(z), and the thickness of the boat light 7 here is 2ω(z), the width 2[r+ω(z)] of the boat light 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

The concave semi-circular full-reflection mirror 1 at the bottom of the ship's optical resonant cavity of the low-power ship's light _CO2 laser of the present invention adopts a semicircular plane optical glass or a quartz block as a base, and a dense _CO2 laser is used for a very high output CO2 laser. Use a semi-circular copper block with good resistance and high hardness as the base, and use a hole cutting device to cut the middle part of the base material according to the size of the inner semi-circle of the mirror 1, but the middle part should be glued to its own semi-circular block. Together to facilitate the grinding process. Set up the grinding mold for Mirror 1. The abrasive tool for grinding the mirror surface is made of low carbon steel and processed by CNC machine tools according to the design. Since the mirror surface does not have a single center of curvature, the abrasive tool does not have a single center of curvature. However, the curved surface of the mirror surface has strict rotational symmetry characteristics, so the abrasive tool There is no major difficulty in processing. After the grinding tool is processed, the grinding process of the ground mirror should maintain strict rotational axis symmetry requirements. After grinding and polishing the mirror surface, remove the glued piece at the center to obtain a concave semi-circular total reflection mirror, which can be used on the device of the present invention after being strictly cleaned and coated with a total reflection film. The planar semi-circular partial reflection output mirror 2 of the present invention has a base shape of a planar semi-circular ring. The base material is cut according to the size requirements of the inner semi-circular ring of the mirror 2, ground flat and coated with a partial reflective film as required. The material of the base of the mirror 2 can be germanium or zinc selenide according to power requirements.

The inner and outer walls 3 and 4 of the discharge tube of the present invention can be made by injecting quartz molten liquid into a graphite mold at a certain temperature for a low-power _CO2 laser and gradually cooling it down. There are two sets of graphite molds for the two discharge tube walls. Graphite has better strength, so it can be processed on a lathe more accurately according to the design, with an accuracy of up to 0.1mm. If the precision of the mold is not enough after use, it should be repaired or replaced with a new mold. The inner and outer walls of the discharge tube of the present invention are made of aluminum, copper or thin stainless steel for high-power _CO2 lasers, and the inner and outer metal walls of the discharge tube are directly used as two discharge electrodes. The two side walls of the discharge tube of the present invention are made of quartz to make two strip-shaped planes whose length is the length of the boat-shaped resonant cavity and whose width is the diameter of the sub-cavity of the resonant cavity.

During the assembly process of the device of the present invention, the support and fixation of the four walls of the discharge tube of the present invention are realized by using special brackets. When it is a low-power carbon dioxide laser, process two hollow semi-circular rings of quartz, the inner radii of the two semi-circular rings are slightly smaller than the inner ring radii of mirrors 1 and 2, and the outer ring radii of the two semi-circular rings are slightly larger than mirrors 1 and 2. The radius of the outer ring of mirror 2, one of the semicircular rings is placed on the horizontal support platform, the mirror 1 is placed on the semicircular ring, and the middle of the outer surface of each wall of the discharge tube is respectively provided with a glue bump, with The three-dimensional adjustment bracket clamps the four walls upright, erects the inner wall of the discharge tube on the inner edge of the semicircle and mirror 1, erects the outer wall of the discharge tube on the outer edge of the semicircle and mirror 1, and erects the discharge tube The two side walls are erected on the two edges of the semi-circular ring, and the other semi-circular ring is placed on the top of the four walls and fixed with a bracket. At the same time, the optical path of the discharge tube is monitored with a helium-neon laser or a collimator. After adjustment, use a vacuum The sealant seals the four walls of the discharge tube. After curing, use the vacuum sealant to seal the semicircular ring and mirror 1 at the lower part of the discharge tube with the lower part of the discharge tube. After curing, seal the semicircular ring at the upper end of the discharge tube with The mirror 2 is replaced, and the coating surface of the mirror 2 faces the cavity, and the mirror 2 and the upper end of the discharge tube are sealed with a vacuum sealant. Then burn the electrodes. Since the processing of the components ensures the accuracy, the requirements can be met after the proper monitoring of the optical calibration instrument and the proper adjustment of each component through auxiliary means. The laser can work vertically on the bracket and output from the top. Its advantage is that it is easy to assemble , the force on the optical element is very small, and it can also be placed horizontally or inverted after assembly, but the bracket should be dealt with before placing it horizontally or inverted, so that it has a certain degree of auxiliary support for the inner and outer walls of the discharge tube. The gap formed by the inner and outer discharge tube walls also strengthens the support, so that the gravity of the inner and outer round platform tubes and electrodes of the two discharge tubes is almost supported by the bracket after being placed horizontally or inverted. At this time, the laser output mirror outputs from the side or from below. When it is a high-power carbon dioxide laser, because the inner and outer walls of the discharge tube are metal tubes and serve as electrodes at the same time, the strength of the tube is very high, and its support problem is easy to solve. The preparation and assembly process before assembly are the same as those of low-power carbon dioxide lasers. It is basically the same. For the cavity mirror made of glass or quartz as the base material, if the dielectric film is insulated between the two electrodes, if it is coated with a metal film, the connection between the bottom of the conical tube and the respective total reflection mirror should be considered. There is an insulating layer between them, but the voltage of the RF power supply is usually low. the

After the device is assembled, the discharge tube and the connection part are evacuated. For carbon dioxide lasers, when the vacuum reaches 10 ^-3 × 133.3Pa, according to CO ₂ : N ₂ : He = 1:1.5:7.5, the total pressure is 10 × 133.3Pa, and the reflectivity of the two-part reflector to 10.6 micron wavelength light wave The reflectance of the two total reflection mirrors is over 99%, and the output can be obtained by applying radio frequency discharge to it.

Embodiment The radius r2 of the discharge tube outer wall ₃ is 100 millimeters, and the length L is 200 millimeters, the radius r1 of the discharge tube inner wall ₄ is 80 millimeters, and the length L is 200 millimeters, and the distance a between the two tube walls is 20 millimeters, and the mirror 1 The ring width of the sum mirror 2 is also 20 mm, the length L of the discharge tube side walls 5 and 6 is 200 mm, the width a is 20 mm, the sub-cavity axis zz is expressed as 90 mm by r , and the radius of curvature R of the sub-cavity concave mirror is 274.697 m, the waist spot radius of the sub-beam is 5 mm, the divergence angle of the sub-beam is 0.675 mrad, the depth r – ω ( z ) of the center of the boat light at the plane ( x ₂ , o ₂ , y ₂ ) is 85 mm, the boat The thickness of the light is 10 mm, the width 2[ r + ω ( z )] is 190 mm, and the depth r – ω ( z ) of the central depression of the boat light at 10 meters from the plane ( x ₂ , o ₂ , y ₂ ) is 81.6 mm, the thickness of the ship light is 16.8 mm, the width 2[ r + ω ( z )] is 196.8 mm, and the wavelength of the ship light is 10.6 microns.

The device for forming ship light includes a concave semi-circular total reflection mirror, a planar semi-circular partial reflection output mirror, a semi-cylindrical inner wall, a semi-cylindrical outer wall, and two strip-shaped side walls. Referring to Figure 1, the semi-cylindrical outer wall 3. The inner wall 4 of the semi-cylindrical surface and the two elongated side walls 5 and 6 together form a discharge boat 8, the concave semicircular ring total reflection mirror 1 is vacuum sealed to the bottom of the discharge boat 8, and the flat semicircular ring Partially reflective output mirror 2 and the top vacuum seal of boat-shaped discharge tube 8, so that the interlayer space of the inner and outer two semi-cylindrical surfaces can be evacuated to high vacuum, and the mixed gas of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and helium is charged into the discharge tube 8 under high vacuum conditions . It is also characterized in that the resonant cavity formed by the concave semi-circular total reflection mirror 1, the planar semi-circular partial reflection output mirror 2 and the discharge tube 8 is a boat-shaped resonant cavity, and the resonant cavity of the boat is along the inner and outer walls 4 and 4 of the discharge tube 8. The longitudinal section of the z -axis of the rotation axis of 3 is a concave flat sub-cavity of the boat-shaped resonant cavity, which is designed as a stable cavity. The concave flat sub-cavity is rotated 180 degrees around the z- axis to form a boat-shaped resonant cavity, and the z -axis of the inner and outer walls 4 and 3 are also The distance between the optical axis of the boat-shaped resonant cavity and the zz axis of the sub-cavity should be far greater than the diameter a of the sub-cavity, and the waist spot of the output beam of the concave-flat sub-cavity is located at the position of the output mirror. The output beam of the resonant cavity is the ship light 7, which can be regarded as the output beam of the concave-flat sub-cavity rotated 180 degrees around the optical axis z- axis, and the divergence angle of the output beam of the sub-cavity is on the milliradian scale. The beam diameter of the output beam of the sub-cavity at a certain place from the output plane is the thickness of the light beam at the position, and the distance between the cavity axis of the sub-cavity and the z- axis of the optical axis minus the radius of the sub-beam at the position is the light beam at the position. The central concave depth of the position, the distance between the cavity axis of the sub-cavity and the optical axis z -axis plus twice the radius of the sub-beam at the position is the width of the ship light 7 at the position.

Claims (3)

1. apparatus and method that realize ship light, it is characterized in that comprising the ship shape resonant cavity with ship shape discharge tube, described ship shape discharge tube (8) is by semi-cylindrical outer wall (3), formation is surrounded in semi-cylindrical inwall (4) and strip sidewall (5) and (6), described ship shape resonant cavity with ship shape discharge tube is that the concave surface semicircular ring completely reflecting mirror (1) of subsides bottom ship shape discharge tube (8) and (8) and the plane semicircular ring of (8) top subsides partly reflect outgoing mirror (2) formation, this mirror (2) is the outgoing mirror of ship shape resonant cavity, and the ship shape resonant cavity is along optical axis zArbitrary vertical section of axle is recessed flat resonant cavity, is the sub-chamber of ship shape resonant cavity, and this sub-chamber is around optical axis zAxle Rotate 180 degree forms the ship shape resonant cavity, and the chamber wheelbase in described sub-chamber is from optical axis zThe distance of axle is much larger than the diameter in this sub-chamber.

2. a kind of apparatus and method that realize ship light according to claim 1, intermediate recess appears in the spatial distribution that it is characterized in that the output beam of ship shape resonant cavity according to claim 1, edge protuberance, similar ship shape, be called ship light (7), described ship light (7) by the output beam in recessed flat sub-chamber claimed in claim 1 around zAxle Rotate 180 degree forms, and the angle of divergence of the output beam in described sub-chamber is in the milliradian magnitude, and the beam diameter of the output beam in described sub-chamber is the thickness of described ship light (7), and chamber, described sub-chamber wheelbase is from optical axis zThe radius that the distance of axle deducts the somewhere beamlet be described ship light (7) in the central concave degree of depth of described position, chamber, described sub-chamber wheelbase is from optical axis zThe distance of axle adds two times of radius sum of the above position beamlet, is the width of described ship light (7) in described position.

3. apparatus and method that realize ship light, comprise concave surface semicircular ring completely reflecting mirror (1), the plane semicircular ring partly reflects outgoing mirror (2), semi-cylindrical inwall (4), semi-cylindrical outer wall (3), two strip sidewalls (5), (6), semi-cylindrical outer wall (3), semi-cylindrical inwall (4) and two strip sidewalls (5) and (6) are surrounded together and are formed ship shape discharge tube (8), the bottom vacuum sealing label of concave surface semicircular ring completely reflecting mirror (1) and ship shape discharge tube (8), the plane semicircular ring partly reflects the top vacuum sealing label of outgoing mirror (2) and ship shape discharge tube (8), in making, outer two semi-cylindrical mezzanine spaces energy pumping high vacuum, under high vacuum condition with carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium gas mixture is filled with discharge tube (8), it is characterized in that partly reflecting the resonant cavity that outgoing mirror (2) and ship shape discharge tube (8) consist of by concave surface semicircular ring completely reflecting mirror (1) and plane semicircular ring is the ship shape resonant cavity, the ship shape resonant cavity is along in the discharge tube (8), the rotating shaft of outer wall (4) and (3) zArbitrary vertical section of axle is the recessed flat sub-chamber of ship shape resonant cavity, is designed to stable cavity, this recessed flat sub-chamber around zAxle Rotate 180 degree forms the ship shape resonant cavity, the waist spot of the output beam in this recessed flat sub-chamber is positioned at the outgoing mirror position, the output beam that is further characterized in that described ship shape resonant cavity is ship light (7), and described ship light (7) can regard that the output beam in described recessed flat sub-chamber is around optical axis as zAxle Rotate 180 degree forms.

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