CN103323381A - Method for evaluating attenuation degree of porous asphalt mixture void - Google Patents
Method for evaluating attenuation degree of porous asphalt mixture void Download PDFInfo
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- CN103323381A CN103323381A CN2013102314066A CN201310231406A CN103323381A CN 103323381 A CN103323381 A CN 103323381A CN 2013102314066 A CN2013102314066 A CN 2013102314066A CN 201310231406 A CN201310231406 A CN 201310231406A CN 103323381 A CN103323381 A CN 103323381A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating attenuation degree of porous asphalt mixture void. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: molding a plate test piece by rolling according to the grade of a porous asphalt mixture to be evaluated; coating a sealing material on three side faces and a bottom surface of the test piece to seal the surface voids, putting the test piece on a drainage coefficient tester, and taking a side face where the sealing material is not coated as a drainage channel; setting the testing slope of the drainage coefficient tester according to cross slope of the pavement, and testing to obtain an initial value of the drainage coefficient of the test piece; performing a wheel tracking test on the test piece, wherein the wheelmark track is required to be parallel to the drainage side face of the test piece during test; and after the wheel tracking test, testing the final drainage coefficient of the test piece by employing the drainage coefficient tester; comparing the final drainage coefficient with the initial value, and evaluating the attenuation degree of the porous asphalt mixture voids. The method can evaluate the attenuation degree of the porous asphalt pavement pore structure under the repetitive vehicle action and is used for selecting proper aggregate grading in the process of designing the porous asphalt mixture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the road engineering technical field, be specifically related under the vehicular load repeated action, the evaluation method of drainage asphalt mixture space attenuation degree.
Background technology
In the bituminous pavement that China has built up, surface layer adopts dense bitumen compound and these traditional forms of framework compact type compound mostly.No matter be the dense bitumen compound of voidage about 4%, or the framework compact type compound of voidage about 8%, all substantially waterproof, easily produce larger water smoke and water when driving a vehicle in the rainy day and float, have a strong impact on the security of Vehicle Driving Cycle.On the other hand, because the voidage of traditional asphalt top course is less, easily produce larger noise during Vehicle Driving Cycle between the table of tire and road, cause serious noise pollution for road periphery resident.Can say, traditional asphalt mat is normal current as principle take support vehicles mainly, and the reduction of noise and control during for Vehicle Driving Cycle, the requirement of cling property all failed to take into full account when the rainy day drove a vehicle.Therefore, traditional bituminous pavement pattern has been difficult to satisfy people to road safety and the growing requirement of comfortableness.
In order to increase the security of Vehicle Driving Cycle, improve driver and conductor and road periphery resident comfort, 20 th century later road scientific workers have researched and developed drainage asphalt pavement.Drainage asphalt pavement adopts the asphalt road surface pavement drainage blanket of large (about 20%) of voidage, and rainwater is discharged pavement structure by the internal communication space of compound in the drainage blanket.Its advantage is mainly manifested in: (1) excellent drainage performance makes road surface can't form moisture film, has reduced driving water smoke and water and has waftd, and can greatly improve the security of rainy day driving; (2) because the existence of a large amount of connectivity gaps is shown on the road, make the contact noise of tire and road surfaces that larger dissipation space be arranged, thereby greatly reduce the Vehicle Driving Cycle noise; (3) the coarse texture of road surface makes the sunshine and the light at night that impinge upon daytime on the road surface produce diffuse reflection, reduces dazzle, improves visibility, improves the sight line of travelling, and reduces the possibility of vehicle accident.
In view of drainage asphalt pavement has excellent draining, noise reduction and prevents the dazzle function, present this road surface form has obtained Preliminary Applications in a lot of countries and regions.But, in the porous asphalt pavement application process, people find the prolongation along with service time gradually, and decay in various degree often appears in the performances such as the draining of some drainage asphalt pavements, noise reduction, antiskid, has progressively lost it than the existing advantage in traditional road surface.For the decay of the functions such as drainage asphalt pavement draining, noise reduction, the road scientific worker of countries in the world generally believes by two reasons and causes: the first, and the drainage asphalt mixture internal voids decays under the vehicular load repeat function; The second, dust, tyre rubber powder etc. are stopped up mixture gap.In recent years, the problem by the obstruction spaces such as dust and tyre rubber powder cause voidage to descend has caused road scientific worker's attention, and relevant service equipment is developed successively, and has obtained good effect.But, because the pore structure decay prohlem that the vehicular load repeated action causes does not also obtain systematic study, especially adopt the decay of what method evaluation compound internal voids still not achieve a solution.
Therefore, design the evaluation method of a kind of drainage asphalt mixture space attenuation degree, not only to improving the drainage asphalt mixture mixing proportion design method, especially gradation design method has larger theory value, for prolonging drainage asphalt pavement serviceable life, reducing maintenance cost and also have great practical significance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the present situation for present drainage asphalt pavement draining, the too fast decay of decrease of noise functions, a kind of method of testing space decay degree is provided, be used for drainage asphalt mixture gradation design and road operational performance appraises process, play the effect that delays the decay of drainage asphalt pavement space.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The evaluation method of drainage asphalt mixture space attenuation degree is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) according to aggregate grading to be determined and asphalt content, the board-like test specimen of roller-compaction drainage asphalt mixture in the laboratory in four sides of board-like test specimen, is selected three sides, and and the test specimen bottom surface smear together encapsulant, seal the space of three sides and bottom surface;
2) with the test specimen side of not smearing encapsulant as the draining side, board-like test specimen is put into the freeness number tester, the board-like test specimen gradient of regulating test is α; Close Cistern valve, implantation quality is the water of a0 in water tank, opens rapidly Cistern valve, and presses timer, when the water in the water tank all discharge and the side discharge graduated cylinder in water level when constant, be designated as t1 second; Claim to get the quality a1 of water in the side discharge measuring tank; With initial freeness number
Characterize the initial drainability of asphalt;
3) board-like test specimen is put into wheel rutting test machine and carry out wheel tracking test, during test, wheel path must with step 2) in the draining parallel sided, after the off-test, take out board-like test specimen, draw the wheel path of wheel tracking test at the test specimen upper surface, and two straight lines that intersect vertically, pass through two end points of wheel path with wheel path, along these two straight lines, board-like test specimen is cut into three parts; get the part that wheel path is contained on the surface, and adopts encapsulant to smear two sides that form after the cutting;
4) test specimen that contains wheel path is partly put into the freeness number tester, the gradient of test specimen should with step 2) test specimen adopts during initial freeness number test the gradient is identical, is α, according to step 2) test its freeness number P2, with the space damped expoential
Characterize the decay degree of drainage asphalt mixture pore structure, the degree of the larger explanation pore structure decay of n is more serious.
The evaluation method of described drainage asphalt mixture space attenuation degree, it is characterized in that the more excellent condition of the wheel tracking test described in the step 3) is: test temperature is 60 ℃, and wheel load is 0.7MPa, and rolling speed is 42 times/min, test period 1h.
The instrument that this programme adopts is the freeness number tester, formed by test platform jacking system, water yield collection and measuring system, comprise water tank 1, Cistern valve 2, test specimen side discharge collecting box 3, sealing gasket 4, side discharge graduated cylinder 5, connector 6, delivery hose 7, steel hinge 8, base 9, test platform 10, draining filter screen 11, lifting nut 12, screw 13, seal 14, inner chamber 15, as shown in Figure 1.Described lifting platform system comprises base 9 and test platform 10, and described test platform 10 is connected by steel hinge 8 with an end of base 9, and test platform 10 is connected with screw 13 by lifting nut 12 with the other end of base 9; The described water yield is collected and measuring system comprises water tank 1, test specimen side discharge collecting box 3, delivery hose 7 and side discharge graduated cylinder 5, described water tank is arranged on the upper end of inner chamber 15, be provided with Cistern valve 2 in the bottom of water tank, described test specimen side discharge collecting box 3 is arranged on the side of inner chamber 15 and is connected with side discharge graduated cylinder 5, between described water tank 1 and inner chamber 15, be provided with draining filter screen 11 between inner chamber 15 and the side discharge collecting box 3, between described water tank 1 and the Cistern valve sealing gasket 4 is set, described water tank 1 is connected by seal 14 with draining filter screen 11, is connected by connector 6 between described delivery hose 7 and the side discharge collecting box 3.
The foundation that this programme technology is drafted:
The present invention considers that the test of this compound microscopical structure of space is quite loaded down with trivial details, this microscopical structure problem main manifestations on macroscopic view is the decline of connectivity gap rate and the reduction of drainability and decay in the space, therefore the variation that the present invention proposes with asphalt freeness number before and after the vehicular load repeated action reflects the decay characteristic of pore structure, and has designed space decay evaluation method and index etc. in interior technological package.
1) drainage channel of drainage asphalt pavement
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of highway half range drainage asphalt surface layer typical structure, comprises vehicle tyre 16, drainage asphalt surface layer 17, gathers materials 18, space 19, dense bitumen layer 20, road surface horizontal wall inscription 21, road surface fast 22, runway 23 and curb 24.When drainage asphalt pavement is under the ideal operation state, the drainage path of pavement structure shown in Figure 2 is during rainfall: after rainwater drops to drainage asphalt surface layer 17 surfaces, the space 19 that can gather materials in the drainage asphalt mixture outside 18 penetrates into drainage asphalt mixture inside, then rely on road surface horizontal wall inscription 21 laterally to pass through successively fast 22, runway 23 and curb 24 from porous asphalt pavement 17 interior edges, and finally discharge pavement structure.But after vehicle repeatedly acted on the road table, drainage asphalt pavement showed as wheel path position bituminous pavement and the vertical permanent strains such as rut occur in the often further densification of wheel path meeting appearance of effect of wheel.The appearance of vertical permanent strain may form to above-mentioned drainage path the negative effect of two aspects: the first, and permanent strain may cause that the vertical connectivity gap rate of drainage asphalt mixture descends; After rainwater drops to the road table, can not fast even can not penetrate into the drainage asphalt surface layer by vertical space inner, cause the top layer of porous asphalt pavement ponding to occur, the forfeiture drain function; The second, permanent strain may cause that the horizontal connectivity gap rate of drainage asphalt mixture descends; When rainwater drops to road table, and penetrate into asphalt when inner by vertical space, the cross connection voidage descends, so that rainwater can not fast even can not be discharged pavement structure by the road surface horizontal wall inscription, cause drainage asphalt pavement to lose drain function.
As seen, the permanent strain that causes of vehicle repeated action may cause drainage asphalt mixture the decline in horizontal and vertical space to occur in theory, makes it progressively lose drain function.For this reason, after palpus is accurately held the drainage asphalt mixture permanent strain, its Changing Pattern vertical and lateral clearance.
2) Changing Pattern in vertical drainage space
Successively be open to the traffic in 2002～2009 Pudong North Road, high section East Road and Middle Ring Line Pudong Section of Shanghai City is overhead, and drainage asphalt pavement has all been adopted in some highway section of above-mentioned three roads, and vertical infiltration coefficient is all greater than 900ml/15s when building up.After drainage pavement is open to the traffic after 1 year, above-mentioned highway section is carried out the test of on-the-spot vertical infiltration coefficient, find that decline has by a relatively large margin appearred in infiltration coefficient, the infiltration coefficient in indivedual highway sections even be zero.In October, 2009, engineering technical personnel adopt drainage asphalt pavement function recovery vehicle (GYPJH2000) that clean-out operation has been carried out in above-mentioned highway section, the vertical infiltration coefficient of finding the road table after repeatedly cleaning is greatly increased, and substantially can satisfy the technical requirement of 900ml/15s.
Abroad, generally also think and to recover for vertical infiltration coefficient, such as in the widely used Japan of porous asphalt pavement, developed the space that many equipment are used for cleaning drainage pavement, think the ability that can promote preferably vertical infiltration by clean-out operation.In Denmark, also made large quantity research for the obstruction of vertical space, the development and application of equipment is also very active.
This shows, the reduction of vertical infiltration coefficient is mainly stopped up by the space and is caused, and can recover the vertical drainage passage by cleaning the space.That is to say, the repeated action of vehicle does not cause very significantly impact to the vertical drainage passage, and Vehicle Load is not obvious to the decay in vertical space in the drainage asphalt pavement.
3) Changing Pattern in cross drainage space
In the laboratory, adopt the board-like test specimen of rolling method moulding drainage asphalt mixture OGFC-13, it is 60 ℃ in temperature, when being 0.7MPa, 0.8MPa and 0.9MPa, ground connection pressure carries out respectively wheel tracking test, and the rut degree of depth behind the test wheel tracking test 30min, 45min, 60min, the result is as shown in table 1.
The rut degree of depth of table 1OGFC-13
Can find out from the data of table 1, although drainage asphalt mixture has adopted the matrix type structure, under the repeated action of vehicular load, it still the rut permanent strain can occur, and the rut degree of depth increases along with the increase of number of loading and tire pressure.The appearance of above-mentioned asphalt macroscopic view rut shows as the dwindling of compression, space of the translation of coarse aggregate particle and rotation, bituminous mortar at microscopical structure.Therefore, can infer repeatedly rolling of wheel load down, decay can occur perpendicular to the space (lateral clearance) of wheel path direction, and vehicle to roll number of times more, attenuation degree may be larger.
Can find out by above-mentioned analysis: 1) under vehicle rolled repeatedly, decaying largely can not appear in vertical space, road surface; 2) be subjected to the repeated action of vehicular load, reduction to a certain degree can appear in the road surface lateral clearance.In conjunction with the drainage principle of drainage asphalt pavement shown in Figure 2, the fast on the road surface axles such as car that mainly travel carry vehicle less, speed, and the rut degree of depth is usually less on the runway; The runway of the road rightmost side axles such as motor bus, truck that mainly travel carry larger, slow vehicle, be easy to form darker rut in runway wheel path position, decay can appear in the lateral clearance of the drainage asphalt mixture inside below this position, for the xsect of whole road surface, runway wheel path inside, right side is equivalent to " bottleneck " zone of draining, as shown in Figure 3.17 is the drainage asphalt surface layer among the figure, and 20 is the dense bitumen layer, and 22 is the road surface fast, and 23 is runway, and 24 is curb, the 25 bottleneck zones for cross drainage.The draining bottleneck zone 25 that the space decay causes among Fig. 3 is the key factors that affect cross drainage.
The present invention compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is: (1) existing research to the decay of drainage asphalt pavement space, the blockage problem in vertical space is shown on the road that causes mainly for dust, rubber, earth etc., comprise the decay of vertical infiltration coefficient, and revert to the space cleaning reagent of purpose and the research and development of equipment with vertical infiltration coefficient; Prior art do not consider that vehicle rolls repeatedly and can cause drainage asphalt pavement lateral clearance this problem that decays, and the present invention has remedied this defective of prior art; (2) draining tester of the present invention has been simulated the actual flow situation of rainwater in drainage asphalt pavement preferably; (3) decay evaluation method in space of the present invention has taken into full account road vehicle by the current actual features of travel speed and weight shunting, and the drainage asphalt pavement draining bottleneck that causes thus, meets the road surface practical situation; (4) test that the present invention relates to only has the rolling moulding of board-like test specimen, test and the wheel tracking test of freeness number, wherein the moulding of board-like test specimen and wheel tracking test are the conventional test of road engineering specialty, the test operating procedure of freeness number is simple, all is easy to engineering technical personnel and grasps.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the freeness number tester;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of highway half range drainage asphalt surface layer typical structure;
Fig. 3 is the draining bottleneck zone that the decay of space, road surface forms;
Fig. 4 is the cutting schematic diagram of board-like test specimen behind the wheel tracking test;
Fig. 5 is the test schematic diagram of compound end of a period freeness number behind the wheel tracking test.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by embodiment technical solution of the present invention is elaborated, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.
Embodiment: the evaluation method of drainage asphalt mixture OGFC-13 space attenuation degree comprises the steps:
(1) moulding of the board-like test specimen of drainage asphalt mixture
The grating that drainage asphalt mixture OGFC-13 to be evaluated adopts is as shown in table 2, and its target voidage is 20%, and this asphalt is used for the upper layer of certain highway, and horizontal wall inscription is 1.5%.According to the drainage asphalt mixture mixing proportion design method, by analysing Lou test and the bitumen aggregate ratio of the final OGFC-13 compound of determining of test that disperses is 4.9%.
The grating of table 2 drainage asphalt mixture OGFC-13
Press the bitumen aggregate ratio of the grating shown in the table 2 and 4.9%, carry out mixing and stirring of asphalt, compound after mixing and stirring is put in the used steel die of wheel tracking test plate, adopted the board-like test specimen of rolling method roller-compaction asphalt, sample dimensions is long 300mm * wide 300mm * thick 50mm.Deposit at normal temperatures at least the demoulding behind the 24h, obtain the board-like test specimen of drainage asphalt mixture.
Select three rectangle sides of size 50mm * 300mm in the board-like test specimen, adopt plasticine to be applied in three side surface, seal the space of mix surface; Adopt and use the same method, sealing board-like sample dimensions is the space of the square surface of 300mm * 300mm.Encapsulant can be glass putty, putty, plasticine or paraffin.
(2) test of initial freeness number
Board-like test specimen is put in the freeness number tester inner chamber of horizontal positioned shown in Figure 1, made the test specimen side of not smearing encapsulant be close to the vertically modulating mechanism of draining tester, do not smear the square surface of encapsulant and place up; Rotate the nut of vertically modulating mechanism, adopt vernier caliper measurement, make nut rising h=380 * α=380 * 1.5%=5.7mm, wherein 380mm is the horizontal range of steel hinge and screw in the freeness number tester, identical with the road surface horizontal wall inscription with the gradient that forms between the test platform of guaranteeing the draining tester and the base, all be 1.5%.
Implantation quality a in the water tank of freeness number tester
0Be the water of 2000g, the water in water tank stablize motionless after, open rapidly Cistern valve, and start the watch timer simultaneously; When the water in the water tank all discharge and the side discharge graduated cylinder in water level when constant, timing is t
1=5s; Claim to get the quality a of water in the side discharge measuring tank
1Be 1870g, the initial freeness number of OGFC-13 drainage asphalt mixture that calculates is
(3) cutting of wheel tracking test and board-like test specimen
In the freeness number tester, take out board-like test specimen, be positioned in the environment of natural ventilation, fully dry moisture.In the test specimen placing car track tester after drying, the tire that is about to roll is paralleled with the draining side of test specimen; Being incubated 2h in 60 ℃ of environment, is 0.7MPa in wheel load then, and rolling speed is wheel tracking test under the condition of 42 times/min, to rolling that test specimen comes and goes, stops test behind the 1h, and takes out the board-like test specimen of drainage asphalt mixture.
The board-like test specimen that rolled, be placed on and cool off at least 2h under the normal temperature laboratory.Draw the vestige that tire rolled in the wheel tracking test (wheel path) with marking pen, and along the direction vertical with wheel path, draw two straight lines by the wheel path two-end-point.Along these two straight lines, board-like test specimen is cut, obtain three part samples, as shown in Figure 4,26 is the board-like test specimen of asphalt among the figure, and 27 is the wheel path that forms behind the rolling, and 28 is line of cut, for subsequent use with the sample of wheel path in the middle of getting.Effects on surface because of two new sides that cutting forms, adopts encapsulant to be applied in the surface with the sample of wheel path, seals the space of mix surface, and encapsulant can be glass putty, putty, plasticine or paraffin.
(4) calculating of the test of end of a period freeness number and space damped expoential
Sample is put in the tester inner chamber of horizontal positioned, do not smear the draining side of encapsulant by the vertically modulating mechanism of draining tester, rotate the nut of vertically modulating mechanism, make the gradient of the test specimen gradient that test specimen adopts should be with the initial freeness number test of step (2) time identical, 380 * the 1.5%=5.7mm that namely rises, as shown in Figure 5,29 is water among the figure, 30 is the permanent strain of test specimen wheel path position, and 31 are the sample that contains wheel path after the board-like test specimen cutting.
Implantation quality a in the water tank of freeness number tester
0Be the water of 2000g, the water in water tank stablize motionless after, open rapidly Cistern valve, and start the watch timer simultaneously; When the water in the water tank all discharge and the side discharge graduated cylinder in water level when constant, timing is t
2=6.4s; Claim to get the quality a of water in the side discharge measuring tank
2Be 1845g, the OGFC-13 drainage asphalt mixture end of a period freeness number that calculates is
The OGFC-13 space damped expoential that calculates
Explanation is that 0.7MPa, rolling speed are under the condition of 42 times/min in wheel load, roll 1h after, OFGC-13 type drainage asphalt mixture lateral clearance has decayed 22.9%.
Claims (2)
1. the evaluation method of drainage asphalt mixture space attenuation degree is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) according to aggregate grading to be determined and asphalt content, the board-like test specimen of roller-compaction drainage asphalt mixture in the laboratory; In four sides of board-like test specimen, select three sides, and smear together encapsulant with the test specimen bottom surface, seal the surface void of three sides and bottom surface;
2) with the test specimen side of not smearing encapsulant as the draining side, board-like test specimen is put into the freeness number tester, the board-like test specimen gradient of regulating test is α; Close Cistern valve, implantation quality is a in water tank
0Water, open rapidly Cistern valve, and press timer, when the water in the water tank all discharge and the side discharge graduated cylinder in water level when constant, be designated as t
1Second; Take by weighing the quality a of water in the side discharge measuring tank
1With initial freeness number
Characterize the initial drainability of asphalt;
3) board-like test specimen is put into wheel rutting test machine, carry out wheel tracking test, during test, wheel path must with step 2) in the draining parallel sided, after the off-test, take out board-like test specimen, draw the wheel path of wheel tracking test at the test specimen upper surface, and two straight lines that intersect vertically, pass through two end points of wheel path with wheel path, along these two straight lines, board-like test specimen is cut into three parts, gets the part that wheel path is contained on the surface, and adopt encapsulant to smear two sides that form after the cutting;
4) test specimen that contains wheel path is partly put into the freeness number tester, the gradient of test specimen should with step 2) test specimen adopts during initial freeness number test the gradient is identical, is α, according to step 2) test its end of a period freeness number P
2, with the space damped expoential
Characterize the decay degree of drainage asphalt mixture pore structure, the degree of the larger explanation pore structure decay of n is more serious.
2. the evaluation method of drainage asphalt mixture according to claim 1 space attenuation degree, it is characterized in that the more excellent condition of the wheel tracking test described in the step 3) is: test temperature is 60 ℃, wheel load is 0.7MPa, and rolling speed is 42 times/min, test period 1h.
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