CN103323212A - Experimental device and method for simulating wellbore annulus drilling fluid flow characteristics - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an experimental device and method for simulating the flow characteristics of drilling fluid in the annulus of a wellbore. An outer cylinder and a simulated drill pipe are used to simulate the annulus of the wellbore and fixed on a supporting platform, and the simulated drill pipe is rotated by a rotating motor, and Control the rotational speed of the simulated drill pipe; use the mud pump to inject mud into the wellbore annulus between the outer cylinder and the simulated drill pipe, and control the flow; control the lifting motor to adjust the angle between the support table and the horizontal line; through the special eccentric hole flange to control the eccentricity of the drill pipe; the present invention can experimentally simulate the flow characteristics of drilling fluid in the annulus of the wellbore under different drill pipe speeds, different flow rates, different inclination angles, and different eccentricities, which meets the requirements of different working conditions, and the mud used in the experiment can be Circulation pumping, repeated use, saving cost.

Description

An experimental device and method for simulating flow characteristics of drilling fluid in wellbore annulus

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of experimental research on drilling working conditions, and in particular relates to an experimental device and method for simulating the flow characteristics of drilling fluid in the annulus of a wellbore.

Background technique

Drilling fluid is the blood of drilling and plays a very important role in drilling engineering. In addition to cooling and lubricating the drill bit and drill string, balancing the lateral pressure of the wellbore rock, balancing the formation pressure, and effectively transmitting hydraulic power, its main function is to carry cuttings from the bottom of the well to the surface, so as to keep the bottom of the well clean and prevent the drilling of the drill bit. Repeated cutting reduces wear and improves efficiency. The lifting of cuttings particles is closely related to the flow state of the drilling fluid. The pressure and velocity distribution of the drilling fluid in the annulus of the wellbore determines whether the cuttings can be carried to the surface smoothly. In actual engineering, in order to ensure the smooth return of cuttings, it is usually achieved by increasing the pump pressure and increasing the flow rate of drilling fluid. But at this time, the pressure loss of the drilling fluid in the wellbore increases; for the drilling fluid belonging to non-Newtonian fluid, its flow form also changes, that is, from laminar flow to turbulent flow. Under the circumstances, there may also be a messy and turbulent swirl. Therefore, correctly grasping the flow characteristics of drilling fluid in the wellbore and reasonably controlling the pump pressure and flow rate are the prerequisites for safe and efficient drilling.

Foreign scholars have done a lot of research on the fluid flow in the annular space. In 1993, Nouri et al. analyzed the turbulent flow of fluid in the eccentric and concentric vertical annulus through experimental research, but did not consider the influence of the rotation of the inner cylinder of the annulus on the fluid flow. Influence. In 1995, Escudier and Gouldson experimentally analyzed the influence of central cylinder rotation on the flow of Newtonian fluid and pseudoplastic fluid, obtained the velocity profiles under different flow conditions, and pointed out that the fluid friction factor is a function of fluid velocity. Domestic research in this area generally relies on mathematical theoretical models or CFD simulations, and there are few experimental research results.

Drill pipe rotation and eccentricity often occur in the actual drilling process, and their influence on the flow characteristics of drilling fluid is very significant. In addition, deviated wells and horizontal wells are also common wellbore structures nowadays, and different inclination angles will also have a significant impact on the fluid flow state in the wellbore. At the same time, considering the drill pipe speed, drill pipe eccentricity, and well inclination angle, the hydraulic characteristics of the drilling fluid in the wellbore annulus can be correctly evaluated during drilling operations. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to provide an experimental device and method capable of simulating the flow characteristics of drilling fluid in the annulus of the wellbore under different inclination angles, different eccentric distances, different drill pipe rotation speeds, and different flow conditions.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to propose an experimental device and method for simulating the flow characteristics of drilling fluid in the annular space of the wellbore.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:

The invention relates to an experimental device for simulating the flow characteristics of drilling fluid in the annular space of a wellbore, which includes an outer cylinder, a simulated drill pipe, a hole flange, a support roller, a rotating motor, a front pressure gauge, a rear pressure gauge, a front diverter, and a rear pressure gauge. Diverter, support plate, support rod, telescopic rod, lift motor, flow meter, mud pump, mud tank, mud circulation valve, mud input valve, mud output valve, front pulley, rear pulley, wire rope, clamping, side Hole, shaft hole, hole flange seat, eccentric hole flange, partial flange shaft hole, partial flange side hole, partial flange seat, rotating motor seat, bracket roller seat. The outer cylinder is made of transparent tempered glass, with a front pressure gauge and a rear pressure gauge at both ends; a simulated drill pipe is installed in the middle of the outer cylinder, and the two ends of the simulated drill pipe are respectively connected with the rotating motor and the support roller; The ends are connected to the front splitter and the rear splitter respectively through flanges, and flanges with holes or eccentric holes are arranged at the flange joints at both ends; the front splitter is connected to the mud pump through a hose, and a flow meter is provided at the front end of the front splitter , there is a mud input valve between the flow meter and the mud pump; the rear splitter is connected to the mud tank through a hose, and a mud output valve is set between the two; the mud tank is connected to the mud pump through a hose, and a There is a mud circulation valve; the lower end of the hole flange or eccentric hole flange, the lower end of the rotating motor and the lower end of the support roller are respectively provided with a hole flange seat or a partial flange seat, a rotary motor seat, a support roller seat, a hole flange seat or a partial flange seat, and a rotating The motor seat and the bracket roller seat are fixed on the supporting platform through screw connection; the two ends of the supporting platform are equipped with a front pulley and a rear pulley, and a steel wire rope is fixed on the rear pulley. After the steel wire rope passes through the front pulley, it is fixed to the lifting motor. above; the lower part of the support plate is provided with support rods and telescopic rods.

The described experimental device for simulating the flow characteristics of wellbore annular drilling fluid can provide an experimental method for simulating the flow characteristics of wellbore annular drilling fluid. The specific process is as follows: first, select the hole flange according to the eccentricity δ required for the experiment Or the eccentric hole flange, place the simulated drill pipe in the outer cylinder, and equip the whole set of devices; then, control the lifting motor and telescopic rod to adjust the angle between the support table and the horizontal line; open the mud circulation valve, mud input valve and mud output valve , Turn on the mud pump to pump mud into the annular space between the simulated drill pipe and the outer cylinder; the mud enters the annular space after being rectified by the front splitter, and then collected by the rear splitter after passing through the annular space, and then discharged to the mud tank through the hose Middle; adjust and control the mud input flow through the mud input valve, read the mud flow value from the flow meter, and record it; after the mud forms a stable circulation, turn on the rotating motor to drive the simulated drill pipe to rotate, and adjust the rotated motor to control the simulated drill pipe Speed, and record the speed; observe the readings of the front and rear pressure gauges, and record the pressure value after the readings are stable.

The adjustment range of the angle formed by the supporting platen of the device and the horizontal line is 0°-90°.

The hole flange of the device is provided with a shaft hole and a side hole, and the eccentric hole flange is provided with a side flange shaft hole and a side hole of the side flange.

The eccentric distance δ between the center of the shaft hole of the eccentric flange on the flange of the eccentric hole of the device and the center of the shaft hole of the flange is processed and manufactured according to the degree of eccentricity required by the actual experiment.

The outer wall of the outer cylinder of the device is provided with a clamp, which is connected to the supporting platform by screws.

The present invention has the following advantages:

1. The present invention has strong operability, and can experimentally simulate the flow characteristics of drilling fluid in the annulus of the wellbore under different well inclination angles, different eccentric distances, different drill pipe speeds, and different flow rates, and meets the requirements of different working conditions.

2. The mud used in the experiment can be pumped in circularly and used repeatedly to save cost.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the device of the present invention

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a hole flange and an eccentric hole flange

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the relative spatial positions of the front splitter and the rotary motor

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the relative spatial positions of the rear splitter and the support rollers

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the front splitter and the outer cylinder flange

Among them, 1. Outer cylinder, 2. Simulated drill pipe, 3. Hole flange, 4. Support roller, 5. Rotary motor, 6. Front pressure gauge, 7. Rear pressure gauge, 8. Front diverter, 9 .Rear diverter, 10. Support platen, 11. Support rod, 12. Telescopic rod, 13. Lift motor, 14. Flow meter, 15. Mud pump, 16. Mud tank, 17. Mud circulation valve, 18. Mud input valve, 19. Mud output valve, 20. Front pulley, 21. Rear pulley, 22. Wire rope, 23. Clamp, 24. Side hole, 25. Shaft hole, 26. Hole flange seat, 27. Eccentric hole flange, 28. Partial flange shaft hole, 29. Partial flange side hole, 30. Partial flange seat, 31. Rotary motor seat, 32. Bracket roller seat.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

The invention relates to an experimental device for simulating the flow characteristics of drilling fluid in the annular space of a wellbore, comprising an outer cylinder 1, a simulated drill pipe 2, a hole flange 3, a support roller 4, a rotating motor 5, a front pressure gauge 6, and a rear pressure gauge 7. Front diverter 8, rear diverter 9, support plate 10, support rod 11, telescopic rod 12, lift motor 13, flow meter 14, mud pump 15, mud tank 16, mud circulation valve 17, mud input valve 18. Mud output valve 19, front pulley 20, rear pulley 21, wire rope 22, clamp 23, side hole 24, shaft hole 25, hole flange seat 26, eccentric hole flange plate 27, offset flange shaft hole 28, side flange Hole 29, partial flange seat 30, rotating motor seat 31, support roller seat 32.

As shown in Figure 1, the outer cylinder 1 is made of transparent tempered glass, with a front pressure gauge 6 and a rear pressure gauge 7 at both ends for measuring the pressure value after the mud flows stably; The drill pipe 2 and the two ends of the simulated drill pipe 2 are respectively connected with the rotating motor 5 and the support roller 4, and the simulated drill pipe 2 is driven to rotate by the rotating motor 5, and the support roller 4 provides support for the simulated drill pipe 2; the two ends of the outer cylinder 1 The front splitter 8 and the rear splitter 9 are respectively connected through flanges, and the flange connection at both ends is provided with a hole flange 3 or an eccentric hole flange 27 (the flange connection between the front splitter 8 and the outer cylinder 1 is shown in Figure 5 , the rear splitter 9 and the outer cylinder 1 are connected in a similar way to the connection between the front splitter 8 and the outer cylinder 1), the spatial position of the connection between the rear and front splitter 8 and the rotary motor 5, and the rear splitter 9 and the support roller 4 The spatial positions are shown in Figures 3 and 4 respectively; the front splitter 8 is connected to the mud pump 15 through a hose, a flow meter 14 is provided at the front end of the front splitter 8, and a mud input valve is arranged between the flow meter 14 and the mud pump 15 18. Control the input mud flow by adjusting the mud input valve 18, and read the mud flow value through the flow meter 14; the rear splitter 9 is connected to the mud tank 16 through a hose, and a mud output valve 19 is arranged between the two; the mud tank 16 is connected with the mud pump 15 through a hose, and a mud circulation valve 17 is arranged between the two; the lower end of the hole flange 3 or the eccentric hole flange 27, the lower end of the rotating motor 5 and the lower end of the support roller 4 are respectively provided with a hole flange seat 26 or a bias method Orchid seat 30, rotating motor seat 31, support roller seat 32, hole flange seat 26 or partial flange seat 30, rotating motor seat 31, support roller seat 32 are all fixed on the support platen 10 by screw connection; Both ends of the plate 10 are provided with a front pulley 20 and a rear pulley 21, and a steel wire rope 22 is fixed on the rear pulley 21. After the steel wire rope 22 passes through the front pulley 20, it is fixed on the lifting motor 13, and the lifting motor 13 drives the supporting platen 10 The lifting and lowering of the supporting platform 10 are provided with a supporting rod 11 and a telescopic rod 12; through the cooperation of the lifting motor 13 and the telescopic rod 12, the multi-angle adjustment of the supporting platform 10 can be realized; the supporting platform of the device The adjustment range of the angle formed by 10 and the horizontal line is 0°～90°; as shown in Figure 2 (A), the hole flange 3 has a shaft hole 25 and a side hole 24, as shown in Figure 2 (B), the eccentric hole flange 27 has a partial flange shaft hole 28 and a partial flange side hole 29; The eccentricity δ is manufactured according to the degree of eccentricity required by the actual experiment; the outer wall of the outer cylinder 1 of the device is provided with a clamp 23, which is connected to the support plate 10 by screws.

The described experimental device for simulating the flow characteristics of wellbore annular drilling fluid can provide an experimental method for simulating the flow characteristics of wellbore annular drilling fluid. The specific process is as follows: first, select the hole flange according to the eccentricity δ required for the experiment 3 or the eccentric hole flange 17, place the simulated drill pipe 2 in the outer cylinder 1, and equip the whole set of devices; then, control the lifting motor 13 and the telescopic rod 12 to adjust the angle formed between the support table 10 and the horizontal line; open the mud circulation valve 17. Mud input valve 18 and mud output valve 19, open the mud pump 15 to pump mud into the annular space between the simulated drill pipe 2 and the outer cylinder 1; the mud enters the annular space after being rectified by the front splitter 8, and after passing through the annular space Collected by the rear splitter 9, then discharged into the mud tank 16 through the hose; adjust and control the mud input flow through the mud input valve 18, read the mud flow value from the flow meter 14, and record; after the mud forms a stable cycle , turn on the rotary motor 5 to drive the simulated drill pipe 2 to rotate, adjust the rotary motor 5 to control the rotational speed of the simulated drill pipe 2, and record the rotational speed; observe the readings of the front pressure gauge 6 and the rear pressure gauge 7, and record the pressure value after the readings are stable .

Specific embodiment 1

When simulating the drilling fluid flow characteristics in the wellbore annulus under the drilling condition of the horizontal well section, firstly, the angle formed by the support table 10 and the horizontal line is adjusted to 0° by controlling the lifting motor 13 and the telescopic rod 12; then, the mud circulation valve 17 is opened , the mud input valve 18 and the mud output valve 19, open the mud pump 15 to pump mud into the annular space between the simulated drill pipe 2 and the outer cylinder 1; the mud enters the annular space after being rectified by the front splitter 8, and passes through the annular space again It is collected by the rear splitter 9, and then discharged into the mud tank 16 through the hose; the mud input flow is adjusted and controlled through the mud input valve 18, and the mud flow value is read from the flow meter 14 and recorded; after the mud forms a stable cycle, Turn on the rotary motor 5 to drive the simulated drill pipe 2 to rotate, adjust the rotary motor 5 to control the rotational speed of the simulated drill pipe 2, and record the rotational speed; observe the readings of the front pressure gauge 6 and the rear pressure gauge 7, and record the pressure value after the reading is stable. By adjusting the rotating motor 5 to control the rotational speed of the simulated drill pipe 2, and adjusting the opening of the mud input valve 18 to control the mud input flow rate, the simulation experiment of the drilling fluid flow characteristics in the wellbore annulus of the horizontal well section under different drill pipe rotational speeds and different flow conditions can be carried out .

Specific embodiment 2

When simulating the drilling fluid flow characteristics in the wellbore annulus under the drilling conditions of the vertical well section, firstly, the angle formed by the support table 10 and the horizontal line is adjusted to 90° by controlling the lifting motor 13 and the telescopic rod 12; then, the mud circulation valve 17 is opened , the mud input valve 18 and the mud output valve 19, open the mud pump 15 to pump mud into the annular space between the simulated drill pipe 2 and the outer cylinder 1; the mud enters the annular space after being rectified by the front splitter 8, and passes through the annular space again It is collected by the rear splitter 9, and then discharged into the mud tank 16 through the hose; the mud input flow is adjusted and controlled through the mud input valve 18, and the mud flow value is read from the flow meter 14 and recorded; after the mud forms a stable cycle, Turn on the rotary motor 5 to drive the simulated drill pipe 2 to rotate, adjust the rotary motor 5 to control the rotational speed of the simulated drill pipe 2, and record the rotational speed; observe the readings of the front pressure gauge 6 and the rear pressure gauge 7, and record the pressure value after the reading is stable. By adjusting the rotating motor 5 to control the rotational speed of the simulated drill pipe 2, and adjusting the opening of the mud input valve 18 to control the mud input flow rate, the simulation of the drilling fluid flow characteristics in the vertical wellbore annulus under different drill pipe speeds and different flow conditions can be carried out experiment.

Specific embodiment 3

When simulating the drilling fluid flow characteristics in the annulus of the wellbore under the drilling condition of the deviated section, firstly, adjust the angle formed by the support table 10 and the horizontal line to a certain acute angle by controlling the lifting motor 13 and the telescopic rod 12; then, turn on the mud circulation Valve 17, mud input valve 18 and mud output valve 19, open the mud pump 15 to pump mud into the annular space between the simulated drill pipe 2 and the outer cylinder 1; the mud enters the annular space after being rectified by the front splitter 8, and passes through the annular space After that, it is collected by the rear splitter 9, and then discharged into the mud tank 16 through the hose; the mud input flow is adjusted and controlled by the mud input valve 18, and the mud flow value is read from the flow meter 14 and recorded; when the mud forms a stable cycle Finally, turn on the rotary motor 5 to drive the simulated drill pipe 2 to rotate, adjust the rotary motor 5 to control the rotational speed of the simulated drill pipe 2, and record the rotational speed; observe the readings of the front pressure gauge 6 and the rear pressure gauge 7, and record the pressure after the readings are stable value. By adjusting the rotary motor 5 to control the rotating speed of the simulated drill pipe 2, and adjusting the opening of the mud input valve 18 to control the mud input flow rate, it is possible to carry out annulus drilling fluid in a deviated well section at an acute angle under different drill pipe speeds and different flow conditions. Simulation experiments of flow characteristics.

Specific embodiment 4

To simulate the drilling fluid flow characteristics in the annulus of the wellbore when the drill pipe is eccentric under drilling conditions, first, select the eccentric hole flange 27 according to the eccentric distance δ required for the experiment, and replace the original hole flange 3 in the device with the eccentric hole flange 27; Then, according to the shaft angle reflected by the experiment, the angle between the support plate 10 and the horizontal line is adjusted by controlling the lifting motor 13 and the telescopic rod 12; then, the mud circulation valve 17, the mud input valve 18 and the mud output valve 19 are opened , turn on the mud pump 15 to pump mud into the annular space between the simulated drill pipe 2 and the outer cylinder 1; the mud enters the annular space after being rectified by the front splitter 8, and is collected by the rear splitter 9 after passing through the annular space, and then passes through the soft The pipe is discharged into the mud tank 16; the mud input flow is adjusted and controlled through the mud input valve 18, and the mud flow value is read from the flow meter 14 and recorded; after the mud forms a stable cycle, the rotary motor 5 is turned on to drive the simulated drill pipe 2 Rotate, adjust the rotating motor 5 to control the rotating speed of the simulated drill pipe 2, and record the rotating speed; observe the readings of the front pressure gauge 6 and the rear pressure gauge 7, and record the pressure value after the reading is stable. By adjusting the rotating motor 5 to control the rotational speed of the simulated drill pipe 2, and adjusting the opening of the mud input valve 18 to control the mud input flow rate, the drilling fluid flow in the annulus of the wellbore when the drill pipe is eccentric under different drill pipe speeds and different flow conditions can be carried out Characteristic simulation experiments.

Claims (5)

1. the experimental provision of a wellbore hole simulator annular space drilling liquid flow dynamic characteristic comprises urceolus (1), simulation drilling rod (2), hole ring flange (3), support roller bearing (4), rotation motor (5), preceding pressure gauge (6), back pressure gauge (7), preceding shunt (8), back shunt (9), support platen (10), support bar (11), expansion link (12), lifter motor (13), flowmeter (14), steam piano (15), mud tank (16), mud circulation valve (17), mud transfer valve (18), mud delivery valve (19), front wheel (20), rear wheel (21), wire rope (22), card is embraced (23), other hole (24), axis hole (25), hole flange seat (26), eccentric orfice ring flange (27), inclined to one side flange axis hole (28), the other hole (29) of inclined to one side flange, inclined to one side flange seat (30), rotation motor seat (31), support roller shaft seat (32); It is characterized in that urceolus (1) is made by transparent toughened glass, two ends are provided with preceding pressure gauge (6) and back pressure gauge (7); Be provided with simulation drilling rod (2) in the middle of the urceolus (1), simulation drilling rod (2) two ends link to each other with support roller bearing (4) with rotation motor (5) respectively; Urceolus (1) two ends are connected with preceding shunt (8) and back shunt (9) respectively by flange, and the two ends flange connections is provided with hole ring flange (3) or eccentric orfice ring flange (27); Preceding shunt (8) links to each other with steam piano (15) by flexible pipe, and preceding shunt (8) front end is provided with a flowmeter (14), is provided with a mud transfer valve (18) between flowmeter (14) and the steam piano (15); Back shunt (9) links to each other by flexible pipe with mud tank (16), is provided with a mud delivery valve (19) between the two; Mud tank (16) links to each other with steam piano (15) by flexible pipe, is provided with a mud circulation valve (17) between the two; Hole ring flange (3) or eccentric orfice ring flange (27) lower end, rotation motor (5) lower end and support roller bearing (4) lower end are respectively equipped with hole flange seat (26) or partially flange seat (30), rotation motor seat (31), support roller shaft seat (32), hole flange seat (26) or flange seat (30), rotation motor seat (31), support roller shaft seat (32) all are connected and fixed on by screw and support on the platen (10) partially; Support platen (10) two ends and be provided with front wheel (20) and rear wheel (21), rear wheel (21) is gone up fixedly wire rope (22), and wire rope (22) is fixed on the lifter motor (13) by behind the front wheel (20); Support platen (10) bottom and be provided with support bar (11) and expansion link (12).

2. the experimental technique of a wellbore hole simulator annular space drilling liquid flow dynamic characteristic, its detailed process is as follows: at first, eccentric throw δ selecting hole ring flange (3) or the eccentric orfice ring flange (27) required according to experiment place simulation drilling rod (2), and are equipped with package unit in urceolus (1); Then, control lifter motor (13) and expansion link (12) are regulated and are supported platen (10) and horizontal line angulation; Open mud circulation valve (17), mud transfer valve (18) and mud delivery valve (19), open steam piano (15) and in the annular space between simulation drilling rod (2) and the urceolus (1), pump into mud; Mud enters annular space after via preceding shunt (8) rectification, by being compiled by back shunt (9) again behind the annular space, drains in the mud tank (16) by flexible pipe then; Regulate control mud input flow rate by mud transfer valve (18), read the mud stream value from flowmeter (14), and record; After treating that mud forms stable circulation, open rotation motor (5), drive simulation drilling rod (2) rotation, adjust rotation motor (5) with control simulation drilling rod (2) rotating speed, and the record rotating speed; Pressure gauge (6) and back pressure gauge (7) reading before observing are treated the stable back of reading record force value.

3. the experimental provision of a kind of wellbore hole simulator annular space drilling liquid flow dynamic characteristic according to claim 1 is characterized in that, supporting platen (10) is 0 °～90 ° with horizontal line angulation range of adjustment.

4. the experimental provision of a kind of wellbore hole simulator annular space drilling liquid flow dynamic characteristic according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, have axis hole (25) and other hole (24) on the hole ring flange (3), have inclined to one side flange axis hole (28) and the other hole (29) of inclined to one side flange on the eccentric orfice ring flange (27).

5. according to the experimental provision of claim 1 or 4 described a kind of wellbore hole simulator annular space drilling liquid flow dynamic characteristics, it is characterized in that the eccentric throw δ at inclined to one side flange axis hole (28) center relative opening ring flange (3) axis hole (25) center on the eccentric orfice ring flange (27) of described device is according to the eccentric degree processing and manufacturing of actual experiment needs.

Images