CN103308160A - Large-relative-aperture wide-view-field miniaturized imaging spectrometer optical system - Google Patents
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- CN103308160A CN103308160A CN2013102540495A CN201310254049A CN103308160A CN 103308160 A CN103308160 A CN 103308160A CN 2013102540495 A CN2013102540495 A CN 2013102540495A CN 201310254049 A CN201310254049 A CN 201310254049A CN 103308160 A CN103308160 A CN 103308160A
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000701 chemical imaging Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 101700004678 SLIT3 Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102100027339 Slit homolog 3 protein Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 206010052128 Glare Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large-relative-aperture wide-view-field miniaturized imaging spectrometer optical system and relates to the technical field of aviation and spaceflight optics. The large-relative-aperture wide-view-field miniaturized imaging spectrometer optical system solves the problems that an existing imaging spectrometer optical system is small in relative aperture, weak in light collecting capability and small in view field coverage width, and the like. The optical system comprises an off-axis reflecting two-mirror telescoping system and an improved Dyson spectral imaging system. The off-axis reflecting two-mirror telescoping system comprises an off-axis convex side reflecting mirror and an off-axis concave side reflecting mirror. The improved Dyson spectral imaging system comprises an entrance slit, a nearly hemispherical lens, a concave side diffraction grating, a level selecting optical filter and a detector image surface. By adopting an imaging spectrometer of the optical system, the relative aperture can reach 1:1.3, the view field coverage width can reach 40 degrees, the band range can cover ultraviolet-visible near infrared or visible near infrared-short wave infrared, light collecting energy is strong, and the large-relative-aperture wide-view-field miniaturized imaging spectrometer optical system has the advantages of miniaturization and light weight and is particularly suitable for application in the fields of aviation and spaceflight hyperspectral remote sensing and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Aeronautics and Astronautics optical technical field, be specifically related to the wide visual field miniaturization of a kind of object lens of large relative aperture imaging spectrometer optical system in the Aeronautics and Astronautics optics.
Background technology
Imaging spectrometer is a kind of novel Aeronautics and Astronautics remote optical sensing instrument that grows up on the multispectral romote sensing technology basis, can obtain the information of high spectral resolution and the high spatial resolution of target simultaneously, in the ocean, field such as land and atmospheric remote sensing obtaining application more and more widely.At present representative imaging spectrometer has the portable hydrospace detection imaging spectrometer (PHILIS) of the U.S. and advanced aerial imagery spectrometer system (AAHIS) etc. in the world, the relative aperture 1/4 of PHILIS, service band is visible near-infrared wave band 400nm～1000nm, the relative aperture of AAHIS is 1/3, service band is 390nm～840nm, the visual field is 20 °, these imaging spectrometers have been brought into play vital role in aerospace remote sensing, but that shortcoming is relative aperture is little, a little less than the light harvesting energy, service band is narrow, and the visual field cover width is little.In recent years, along with the development that deepens continuously of Aeronautics and Astronautics remote sensing application, also more and more higher to the requirement of the wave band coverage of imaging spectrometer and swath width.Wave band is more wide, the spectral information of the target that comprises is just more abundant, wavelength band from visible near-infrared band extension to ultraviolet band, the light signal strength of ultraviolet band than the light signal strength of visible waveband a little less than 2～3 magnitudes, and the light collecting light ability of existing imaging spectrometer can not satisfy the demand that ultraviolet band is surveyed.The increase of visual field cover width can reduce the return visit cycle of instrument, and the visual field cover width is more big, and the return visit cycle is more short, and the temporal resolution of instrument is just more high.The visual field of application requirements imaging spectrometers such as ocean water colour remote sensing is greater than 30 °, and the visual field maximum (as AAHIS) of existing imaging spectrometer also only is 20 °, can not satisfy the remote sensing application demand.Therefore press for the problem that existing imaging spectrometer optical system relative aperture is little, light collecting light ability weak, field coverage is little that solves.In addition, the Aeronautics and Astronautics remote sensing application also requires imaging spectrometer to have miniaturization and light-weighted characteristics.In conjunction with Fig. 1, the nearly packaged lens of tradition Dyson spectrum imaging system only has the first and second two working surfaces, entrance slit and detector image planes all are positioned on first working surface, the placement of the placement of entrance slit and detector image planes is all very difficult, and can't place level time selection optical filter, this has limited the practicability of traditional Dyson spectrum imaging system.
Summary of the invention
Existing imaging spectrometer optical system relative aperture is little, light collecting light ability weak, field coverage is little and traditional Dyson spectrum imaging system uses limited problem in order to solve in the present invention, and the wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture imaging spectrometer optical system is provided.
The wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture imaging spectrometer optical system, this optical system comprises off axis reflector two mirror telescopic systems and modified Dyson spectrum imaging system, and described modified Dyson spectrum imaging system comprises entrance slit, nearly packaged lens, concave diffraction grating, detector image planes and level time selection optical filter; The light beam that described wide visual field target is sent is imaged on the entrance slit through off axis reflector two mirror telescopic systems, incide first working surface of nearly packaged lens through the light beam of entrance slit outgoing, after the refraction of first working surface, incide second working surface of nearly packaged lens, after the refraction of second working surface, incide on the concave diffraction grating, then on second working surface through inciding nearly packaged lens behind the concave diffraction grating diffraction again, after the refraction of second working surface, incide on the 3rd working surface of nearly packaged lens, through inciding after the 3rd working surface total reflection on the 4th working surface of nearly packaged lens, eliminate the diffraction veiling glare through the refraction of the 4th working surface by level time selection optical filter, focal imaging is on the detector image planes.
Principle of work of the present invention: the present invention is that a wide visual field target energy blur-free imaging that contains weak signal is on the detector image planes of miniaturization imaging spectrometer, employing is from the optical texture of axle two catoptron telescopic systems and the combination of modified Dyson spectrum imaging system, look field off-axis from axle two reflection telescopic systems employings, can obtain than from bigger relative aperture and the visual field of axle three anti-systems, the quantity of its catoptron is few, more compact structure, size is little, and is in light weight.The present invention improves traditional Dyson spectrum imaging system, the working surface of the nearly packaged lens in the modified Dyson spectrum imaging system has been increased to four, reserving certain clearance between first working surface of entrance slit and nearly packaged lens, be convenient to the placement of entrance slit, four working surface relative arrange of detector image planes with nearly packaged lens, entrance slit and detector image planes are not on same one side, be convenient to the placement of detector, and between the 4th working surface of detector image planes and nearly packaged lens, place the veiling glare that level time selection optical filter is eliminated secondary and three order diffractions.This optical system is arranged in order by xyz right hand space coordinates, and the z direction of principal axis is decided to be optical axis direction, and the x axle is perpendicular to the yz plane, and entrance slit is in the xz plane, and the entrance slit length direction is parallel to the x axle, and the entrance slit cross direction is parallel to the y axle.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: optical system of the present invention can realize the target that comprises weak signals such as ultraviolet is carried out wide view field imaging spectrographic detection, relative aperture can reach 1:1.3, the visual field covers can reach 40 °, wavelength band can cover ultraviolet-visible near infrared or visible near-infrared-short-wave infrared, the light harvesting energy is strong, and have miniaturization and light-weighted characteristics, be particularly suitable for using in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics high-spectrum remote-sensings.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of traditional Dyson spectrum imaging system;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture of the present invention imaging spectrometer optical system;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the nearly packaged lens in the wide visual field miniaturization of the object lens of large relative aperture of the present invention imaging spectrometer optical system.
Among the figure, 1, from crown of roll face catoptron, 2, from the axle concave mirror, 3, entrance slit, 4, nearly packaged lens, 5, concave diffraction grating, 6, level time selects optical filter, 7, the detector image planes, a, first working surface, b, second working surface, c, the 3rd working surface, d, the 4th working surface.
Embodiment
Embodiment one, in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 present embodiment is described, the wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture imaging spectrometer optical system, this optical system comprises off axis reflector two mirror telescopic systems and modified Dyson spectrum imaging system, off axis reflector two mirror telescopic systems comprise from crown of roll face catoptron 1 with from axle concave mirror 2, modified Dyson spectrum imaging system comprises entrance slit 3, nearly packaged lens 4, concave diffraction grating 5, level time selection optical filter 6 and detector image planes 7.Light beam that described wide visual field target is sent is through from crown of roll face catoptron 1 be imaged on from axle concave mirror 2 on the entrance slit 3 of modified Dyson spectrum imaging system, incide a on first working surface of nearly hemisphere mirror lens 4 from the light beam of entrance slit 3 outgoing, after first working surface a refraction, incide on the second working surface b, behind second working surface refraction b from nearly packaged lens 4 outgoing, incide then on the concave diffraction grating 5, on the second working surface b through inciding nearly packaged lens 4 behind concave diffraction grating 5 diffraction again, after second working surface b refraction, incide c on the 3rd working surface, after the 3rd working surface c total reflection, incide d on the 4th working surface, after the 4th working surface d refraction from nearly packaged lens 4 outgoing, eliminate secondary and three order diffraction veiling glares through level time selection optical filter 6 again, last focal imaging is on detector image planes 7, one dimension in the yz plane is spectrum dimension, is the space dimension perpendicular to the one dimension on yz plane.
Present embodiment is described from the reflecting surface of crown of roll face catoptron 1 and relative arrangement of reflecting surface from axle concave mirror 2, from the reflecting surface of axle concave mirror 2 with close to packaged lens 4 first workplace a is relative arranges, the second workplace b of nearly packaged lens and relative arrangement of dispersion surface of concave diffraction grating 5, level time select optical filter and nearly packaged lens the 4th working surface d is relative arranges, optical filter is relative arranges for image planes and the inferior selection of level; Described is from axle secondary oblate ellipsoid from crown of roll face catoptron 1, be from the axle quadric surface from axle concave mirror 2, the material of nearly packaged lens 4 is fused quartz or ZnSe, can select according to the wave band of imaging spectrometer, concave diffraction grating 5 diffraction surfaces are sphere, and the groove direction is perpendicular to the yz plane.Described nearly packaged lens 4 has four working surfaces, and the first working surface a is the plane transmission face, and the second working surface b is the Homology of Sphere face, and the 3rd working surface is that c is the plane fully reflecting surface, and the 4th working surface d is the plane transmission face.The 4th workplace d of described nearly packaged lens 4 and level time select between the optical filter 6 apart from d
4Satisfy: 0.5mm≤d
4≤ 2mm, level time select between optical filter 6 and the 7 detector image planes apart from d
5Satisfy: 1mm≤d
5≤ 2.5mm.
The relative aperture D/f of the described off axis reflector two mirror telescopic systems of present embodiment satisfies: 1/1.8≤D/f≤1/1.3, visual field FOV satisfies: 30 °≤FOV≤40 °, visual field off-axis angle α satisfies 15 °≤α≤30 °.Described off axis reflector two mirror telescopic systems be from axle secondary oblate ellipsoid, quadric surface COEFFICIENT K from crown of roll face catoptron 1
1Satisfy: 4.5≤K
1≤ 7, off axis reflector two mirror telescopic systems be from the axle quadric surface from axle concave mirror 2, the quadric surface COEFFICIENT K
2Satisfy :-0.3≤K
2≤ 0.3.The radius of curvature R from crown of roll face catoptron 1 of described off axis reflector two mirror telescopic systems
1With the radius of curvature R from axle concave mirror 2
2Satisfy: 1.01R
2≤ R
1≤ 1.05R
2Off axis reflector two mirrors look in the distance from the convex reflecting mirror 1 of axle system and between the axle concave mirror 2 apart from d
1Radius of curvature R with convex reflecting mirror 1
1Between relation satisfy: 0.65R
1≤ d
1≤ 0.7R
1
The described entrance slit 3 of present embodiment is positioned on the focal plane of off axis reflector telescopic system the length l of entrance slit 3
1Satisfy 15mm≤l
1≤ 20mm, the width w of entrance slit 3
1Satisfy: 10 μ m≤w
1≤ 30 μ m.Between the first workplace a center of described entrance slit 3 centers and nearly packaged lens 4 apart from d
2Satisfy: 1mm≤d
2≤ 3mm.Described entrance slit 3 centers between the concave diffraction grating 5 sphere summits apart from d
3Spherical radius R with concave diffraction grating
3Between relation satisfy: 0.98R
3≤ d
3≤ 1.02R
3The angle of the sphere method normal of chief ray and concave diffraction grating 5 is 0 °.
The change multiple proportions β of the described modified Dyson of present embodiment spectrum imaging system satisfies: 0.99≤β≤1.01.Described concave diffraction grating 5 is low polarization response grating, and the polarization response degree of concave diffraction grating 5 is lower than 0.5%.
Embodiment two, in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 present embodiment is described, present embodiment is the application of the embodiment wide visual field miniaturization in one described large aperture imaging spectrometer optical system, embodiment one described optical system is applied to the water colour remote sensing of aviation ocean, push-scanning image.The relative aperture D/f of optical system is 1/1.4, and visual field FOV is 36 °, and service band is 250nm～1000nm.The focal length of imaging spectrometer optical system is 26.89mm, the change multiple proportions of modified Dyson spectrum imaging system is 1:1, flight H=10km, adopt ultraviolet enhancement CCD as detector on the detector image planes, the pixel dimension of CCD is 26 μ m * 26 μ m, the pixel number is 1024(spectrum dimension) * 512(space dimension), entrance slit is of a size of 17.5mm * 26 μ m.Visual field off-axis angle α is 20 °, radius-of-curvature from crown of roll face catoptron is 76.99mm, the quadric surface coefficient is 5.9356mm, being 3.6514mm from the axle amount, is 74.25mm from the radius-of-curvature of axle concave reflection catoptron, and the quadric surface coefficient is 0.1809, be 8.96 from the axle amount, the material of nearly packaged lens is fused quartz, the radius-of-curvature 58.15mm of second working surface, and the radius-of-curvature of concave diffraction grating is 182.08mm.Between the 4th workplace of nearly packaged lens and the level time selection optical filter apart from d
4Be 1mm, level time select between optical filter and the detector image planes apart from d
5Be 1.38mm.The chromatic dispersion width of 250nm～1000nm wave band on the detector image planes is 8.52mm, and spectral resolution is 2.3nm, and the imaging spectrometer optical system is of a size of 273mm * 90mm * 60mm, and is very compact.
The present invention can realize the wide view field imaging spectrographic detection of object lens of large relative aperture, and volume is little, in light weight, be suitable as the Aeronautics and Astronautics weak signal and survey the optical system of imaging spectrometer, application comprises fields such as the water colour remote sensing of Aeronautics and Astronautics ocean, atmospheric remote sensing, land observation.
Claims (9)
1. the wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture imaging spectrometer optical system, this optical system comprises off axis reflector two mirror telescopic systems and modified Dyson spectrum imaging system, and described modified Dyson spectrum imaging system comprises entrance slit (3), nearly packaged lens (4), concave diffraction grating (5), detector image planes (7) and level time selection optical filter (6); It is characterized in that, the light beam that described wide visual field target is sent is imaged on the entrance slit (3) through off axis reflector two mirror telescopic systems, incide first working surface (a) of nearly packaged lens (4) through the light beam of entrance slit (3) outgoing, after first working surface (a) refraction, incide second working surface (b) of nearly packaged lens (4), after second working surface refraction (b), incide on the concave diffraction grating (5), then through inciding again behind concave diffraction grating (5) diffraction on second working surface (b) of nearly packaged lens (4), on the 3rd working surface through inciding nearly packaged lens (4) after second working surface (b) refraction (c), on the 4th working surface through inciding nearly packaged lens (4) after the 3rd working surface (c) total reflection (d), eliminate the diffraction veiling glare through the 4th working surface (d) refraction by level time selection optical filter (6), focal imaging is on detector image planes (7).
2. the wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture according to claim 1 imaging spectrometer optical system is characterized in that, described entrance slit (3) is positioned on the focal plane of off axis reflector telescopic system, the length l of entrance slit (3)
1Satisfy 15mm≤l
1≤ 20mm, the width w of entrance slit (3)
1Satisfy: 10 μ m≤w
1≤ 30 μ m; Between first workplace (a) center of described entrance slit (3) center and nearly packaged lens (4) apart from d
2Satisfy: 1mm≤d
2≤ 3mm; Described entrance slit (3) center between concave diffraction grating (5) the sphere summit apart from d
3Spherical radius R with concave diffraction grating (5)
3Between relation satisfy: 0.98R
3≤ d
3≤ 1.02R
3The angle of the sphere normal of the chief ray of light beam and concave diffraction grating (5) is 0 °.
3. the wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture according to claim 1 imaging spectrometer optical system, it is characterized in that, the relative aperture D/f of described off axis reflector two mirror telescopic systems satisfies: 1/1.8≤D/f≤1/1.3, visual field FOV satisfies: 30 °≤FOV≤40 °, visual field off-axis angle α satisfies 15 °≤α≤30 °.
4. the wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture according to claim 1 imaging spectrometer optical system is characterized in that, the change multiple proportions β of modified Dyson spectrum imaging system satisfies: 0.99≤β≤1.01.
5. the wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture according to claim 1 imaging spectrometer optical system is characterized in that, described off axis reflector two mirror telescopic systems comprise from crown of roll face catoptron (1) with from axle concave mirror (2); Described from the reflecting surface of crown of roll face catoptron (1) and relative arrangement of reflecting surface from axle concave mirror (2), from the reflecting surface of axle concave mirror (2) with close to the relative arrangement of first workplace (a) of packaged lens (4), second workplace (b) of nearly packaged lens (4) and relative arrangement of dispersion surface of concave diffraction grating (5), level time is selected surface of optical filter (6) and relative arrangements of the 4th working surface (d) of nearly packaged lens (4), the surperficial relative arrangement with detector image planes (7) of another of level inferior selection optical filter (6).
6. the wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture according to claim 5 imaging spectrometer optical system is characterized in that, described is from axle secondary oblate ellipsoid from crown of roll face catoptron (1), secondary oblate ellipsoid COEFFICIENT K
1Satisfy: 4.5≤K
1≤ 7, be from the axle quadric surface from axle concave mirror (2), described quadric surface COEFFICIENT K
2Satisfy :-0.3≤K
2≤ 0.3; Described radius of curvature R from crown of roll face catoptron (1)
1With the radius of curvature R from axle concave mirror (2)
2Satisfy: 1.01R
2≤ R
1≤ 1.05R
2Described from crown of roll face catoptron (1) and between the axle concave mirror (2) apart from d
1With the radius of curvature R from crown of roll face catoptron (1)
1Between relation satisfy: 0.65R
1≤ d
1≤ 0.7R
1
7. the wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture according to claim 1 imaging spectrometer optical system, it is characterized in that, the material of nearly packaged lens (4) is fused quartz or ZnSe, first working surface (a) of nearly packaged lens (4) is the plane transmission face, second working surface (b) is the Homology of Sphere face, the 3rd working surface (c) is the plane fully reflecting surface, the 4th working surface is that (d) is the plane transmission face, the diffraction surfaces of concave diffraction grating (5) is sphere, and the grating line direction is perpendicular to the yz plane.
8. the wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture according to claim 1 imaging spectrometer optical system is characterized in that, the 4th workplace (d) of described nearly packaged lens (4) and level time select between the optical filter (6) apart from d
4Satisfy: 0.5mm≤d
4≤ 2mm, level time select between optical filter (6) and the detector image planes (7) apart from d
5Satisfy: 1mm≤d
5≤ 2.5mm.
9. the wide visual field miniaturization of object lens of large relative aperture according to claim 1 imaging spectrometer optical system is characterized in that, described concave diffraction grating (5) is low polarization response grating, and the polarization response degree of concave diffraction grating (5) is lower than 0.5%.
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| CN109239916A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-18 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | The hyperspectral imager optical system being divided based on Schmidt telescope and Ao Funa |
| CN115494024A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-12-20 | 电子科技大学 | Light path device for terahertz continuous wave tomography and focusing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107064016A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-08-18 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of grating dispersion imaging spectrometer |
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| CN109239916A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-18 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | The hyperspectral imager optical system being divided based on Schmidt telescope and Ao Funa |
| CN109239916B (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2023-09-12 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Optical system of hyperspectral imager based on schmidt telescope and Offner light splitting |
| CN115494024A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-12-20 | 电子科技大学 | Light path device for terahertz continuous wave tomography and focusing method |
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|---|---|
| CN103308160B (en) | 2015-04-22 |
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