CN104897282B - A kind of practical thermal infrared hyperspectral imager load system - Google Patents
A kind of practical thermal infrared hyperspectral imager load system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104897282B CN104897282B CN201510295754.9A CN201510295754A CN104897282B CN 104897282 B CN104897282 B CN 104897282B CN 201510295754 A CN201510295754 A CN 201510295754A CN 104897282 B CN104897282 B CN 104897282B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of practical thermal infrared hyperspectral imager load system, it is applied to remote sensing fields.The present invention relates to the high light spectrum image-forming technology of remote sensing fields, it is that a kind of utilization cryogenic opticses suppress background radiation with the thermal infrared focal plane Dewar component of particular design, using the integrated system of the fine light splitting part of plane grating is designed three thermal infrareds for reflecting multiplexing structures, including telescope, mirror of turning back, three reflection beam splitting parts, thermal infrared focal plane particular components, Cryogenic Optical System.The present invention can be equipped on many remote sensing platforms such as aircraft, satellite and deep space probe, passively receive the thermal infrared radiation and spectral information of target to be measured, obtain image and fine spectral information of the target in 8.0～12.5 μm of spectral coverages.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high light spectrum image-forming technology, specifically refers to a kind of practical thermal infrared hyperspectral imager system of load
System, it are applied to geology mineral exploration, dusty gass monitoring, the characteristic target finely field such as identification.
Background technology
The appearance of imaging hyperspectral technique is a revolution of remote sensing circle, and it makes original not detectable in broadband remote sensing
Material can be detected in high-spectrum remote-sensing, its significance obtained worldwide generally acknowledge, relative to visible ray
And short-wave infrared, high-spectrum remote-sensing research being carried out in Thermal infrared bands, there is unique advantage.Limited by technical conditions, which develops one
Straight relatively slow, recently as the progress of technology, the development of EO-1 hyperion infrared sensor and application just gradually by the world each
Country and mechanism are paid attention to, and are all carrying out thermal infrared high light spectrum image-forming biography including the multiple tissues including the U.S., European Union and department
The development of sensor,.
For hyperspectral imager, spectroscopic modes are the keys of the design of system.In general, hyperspectral imager
Spectroscopic modes include the modes such as prismatic decomposition, grating beam splitting, Fourier transformation light splitting.Wherein prism and grating are common light splitting
Mode, the hyperspectral imager of most Aeronautics and Astronautics platform can be commonly referred to as color dispersion-type light splitting side using this scheme
Formula, Fourier's spectroscopic modes are by the Fourier transformation relation between spectrum pixel interferogram and spectrogram, are done by measurement
Relate to figure and carry out Fourier transformation to obtain the spectral information of object, which complex structure to interferogram.For visible with short
For the hyperspectral imager of the infrared spectral coverage of ripple, there is the equipment of maturation color dispersion-type light splitting and Fourier's light splitting country (as airborne
Operational Modular Imaging Spectrometer OMIS, environmental satellite borne hyper-spectral imager).
At present China either airborne platform or Space-borne there is no the thermal infrared hyperspectral imager of practical operation
Load, due to its be related to the suppression of infrared background and cryogenic opticses etc. technical barrier, no matter adopt color dispersion-type light splitting scheme
Or Fourier's light splitting scheme, its system design are had greatly with visible ray, the hyperspectral imager of short-wave infrared spectral coverage
Difference, is in the laboratory research stage its system design scheme more.
Content of the invention
The invention provides a kind of practical thermal infrared hyperspectral imager load system, solve infrared background suppression and
The Project Realization technical barrier of cryogenic opticses.
Thermal infrared hyperspectral imager of the present invention works in the hyperspectral imager load system of thermal infrared spectral coverage, and it adopts
Color dispersion-type spectroscopic modes, by the use of+three speculum group of plane grating as light splitting part, load system in addition to preposition telescope other
Part is worked under the deep shading environment less than 100K, and infrared focal plane detector takes special cold screen structure design, can
Suppress Infrared background radiation, allow system to obtain high spectrum image of the target more than 180 between 8.0～12.5 μm of spectral coverages
Information, be a kind of new can practical thermal infrared hyperspectral imager load system.
As shown in Figure 1, it includes real-time calibration device to the thermal infrared hyperspectral imager load system structure of the present invention
1st, preposition telescope 2, low-temperature cold box germanium window 3, slit 4, low temperature spectra instrument 5, low-temperature cold box 6 and thermal infrared focus planardetector
Component 7.The thermal infrared radiation spectral information of object scene passes through germanium window post-concentration at slit through preposition telescope, and slit is used
In the observation instantaneous field of view for limiting incident illumination, afterwards through the light splitting of low temperature spectra instrument, the thermal infrared of incident target is composed entirely
Section spectral signal uniform chromatic dispersion comes, and then the spectral information of different-waveband converges at thermal infrared focal plane detection device assembly and corresponds to
Position of focal plane.Slit 4, low temperature spectra instrument 5, thermal infrared focal plane detection device assembly 7 in Fig. 1 is respectively positioned in low-temperature cold box 6
Portion, when system is in normal temperature and pressure environment, cold box interior is high vacuum state, and its internal part is by 2 sterlin refrigerators
Closed loop refrigeration to 100K, small-sized refrigerating mechanism cold that the photosurface of thermal infrared focal plane detection device assembly is carried by which to 60K.Germanium
The window's position is located on low-temperature cold box, just to preposition telescope, it is ensured that the target optical information that assembles through preposition telescope is entered
Cold box interior is not blocked, and it is connected and sealed using vacuum flange and low-temperature cold box, works in normal temperature state.
When thermal infrared hyperspectral imager load system works, the EO-1 hyperion of the one scan stripes band of target that can be obtained
Information, pushes away the three-dimensional profile information for obtaining target by way of sweeping by remote sensing platform (airborne or spaceborne).
It is an advantage of the current invention that：
(1), by the Infrared background radiation of design lowering apparatus itself optical mechanical system of low-temperature cold box, the heat of such target
Infrared high spectrum signal is unlikely to be submerged in the Infrared background radiation of instrument itself so that using color dispersion-type spectroscopic modes
High light spectrum image-forming instrument carries out becoming possibility in Detection Techniques in thermal infrared spectral coverage；
(2), the preposition telescope of system design does not carry out cryogenic refrigeration, so for the present invention is proposed in being embodied as
Spatial resolution be 1mrad, 18 degree of visual field the system for being suitable for airborne operation directly replacing telescope after realize higher
Resolution (corresponding visual field diminishes), so that be more suitable for the high resolution observations demand of satellite platform；
(3), system light splitting part is designed as the structure of three reflecting mirrors+plane grating, and it is positioned in a vacuum chamber
Portion, light splitting part work in below low temperature 100K, and the modular construction is compact, using the CETRINE of the relatively High cooling power of 2 middle power
Refrigeration machine can implement refrigeration target, greatly reduce the complexity that extensive cryogenic system is developed；
(4), system design has real-time calibration device, before the device is positioned over preposition telescope, by rotatable parts
Drive, complete trails radiation calibration is implemented to system, the quantification precision of airborne or onboard system can be improved.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system principle schematic diagram of the present invention；In figure：1-- real-time calibration devices；The preposition telescopes of 2--；3 germanium windows
Mouthful；4-- slits；5-- low temperature spectra instrument；6-- low-temperature cold boxes；7- thermal infrared focal plane detection device assemblies.
Fig. 2 is the comprising modules figure of data collecting system.
Fig. 3 is the thermal infrared hyperspectral imager load system model machine photo of development after enforcement.
Fig. 4 is 4 single-range thermal infrared high spectrum images that thermal infrared hyperspectral imager load system is obtained, its
In:Corresponding 9.5 μm of the centre wavelength (spectral bandwidth 50nm) of corresponding 8.5 μm of the centre wavelength (spectral bandwidth 50nm) of figure (1), figure (2),
Corresponding 10.5 μm of the centre wavelength (spectral bandwidth 50nm) of figure (3), corresponding 11.5 μm of the centre wavelength (spectral bandwidth 50nm) of figure (4).
Specific embodiment
Below according to the preferable embodiment that Fig. 1～Fig. 4 provides the present invention, the structure in order to the present invention to be described is special
Levy, technical performance and functional characteristics, the instrument photo after enforcement as shown in figure 3, the outdoor scene image that obtains of instrument as shown in figure 4,
Present embodiment not delimit the scope of the invention.The key technical indexes of the system is as follows：
Spectral region：8.0～12.5 μm
Spectral resolution：It is better than 50nm
Wave band number：180
Instantaneous field of view：1mrad
Imaging viewing field：18 degree
Detector scale：320×256
Cryogenic opticses temperature：<100K
Detector operating temperature：<60K
The system includes several parts as follows：
1) preposition telescope
Preposition telescope works in room temperature temperature (without separate refrigeration), using three-chip type objective lens arrangement, three lens materials
Material is germanium, and the finally a piece of vacuum window for low-temperature cold box of telescope, the parameter of telescope are as follows：Telescope focal length：30mm
Look in the distance aperture of mirror：12.5mm
Optics relative aperture (F#)：2.4
Observation visual field：18.1°
2) low-temperature cold box spectrogrph
Low-temperature cold box internal part works in the low temperature state of below 100K, by two middle power CETRINE mechanical refrigerators
There is provided low-temperature receiver to be freezed., in (as shown in Fig. 1 modules 5) inside low-temperature cold box, light splitting part is using complete for system light splitting part
Reflective structure, principal reflection mirror, secondary of the target all band optical signal after slit 1 in light splitting part three-mirror system
In the presence of mirror, three mirrors, plane grating is incided with directional light form, the major parameter of plane grating is as follows：
Raster size：45mm×45mm×10mm；
Effective area：40mm×40mm；
Grating line：10 lines/mm；
Blaze wavelength：10.2μm；
Blaze angle：2.9±0.1°.
Optical signal after plane grating diffraction sequentially passes through three mirrors, secondary mirror and the principal reflection of three-mirror system again
Mirror, converges at the position of focal plane of light splitting part, in the trend of system light path, has used same three in light splitting part twice
Mirror system, it is convergent mirror again that this three-mirror system serves as collimating mirror, significantly reduces the physical dimension of spectrogrph,
And then reduce the enforcement complexity of low-temperature cold box.The light splitting part parameter that design is completed is as follows：
3) thermal infrared focal plane detection device assembly
The thermal infrared focal plane detection device assembly of 320 × 256 scale HgCdTe materials is selected, the position of focal plane of the component is put
The corresponding space dimension in 320 directions of the light splitting part position of focal plane 7 being placed in shown in Fig. 1, wherein thermal infrared focus planardetector, 256
The corresponding spectrum dimension in direction.The detector assembly is individually freezed to which using a miniaturization sterlin refrigerator, model
RM4-7i, makes detector work in the profound hypothermia state under 60K, while detector assembly and light splitting part share low-temperature cold box
Same vacuum chamber.The key technical indexes of the thermal infrared focal plane detection device assembly that this programme is adopted is as shown in table 1：
In addition, being designed with a cold screen and a low temperature optical filter before detector photosurface, (band logical is set to 8.0～12.5
μm), for suppressing the response beyond thermal infrared spectral coverage of detector；
4) real-time calibration device
Thermal infrared spectral coverage (especially spectral information) is extremely sensitive to temperature characterisitic, and the slight variation of environmental characteristics can cause
The Whole Response skew of system, is generally located on rail real-time calibration device and this is revised.Real-time calibration device structure such as Fig. 1
Module 1 shown in, it be one by rotating mechanism control flat-panel black body rotate part, execute calibration task process in, rotation
Rotation structure drives total visual field of the flat-panel black body full of instrument to be demarcated, and completes complete trails calibration, and the frequency of calibration is according to task
Application demand is formulated.
5) acquisition and control system
Acquisition and control system is as shown in Figure 2.Top control module realizes that the sequential to thermal infrared focus planardetector is driven
Dynamic, the signal of detector output is completed to visiting through signal amplification, signal condition, analog digital conversion, signal caching and output interface
The data acquisition and transmission of device signal is surveyed, in whole process, main control module is manipulated to various pieces.
Table 1
| Parameter name | Parameter value |
| Component | Mars VLW RM4 |
| Pixel size | 30μm×30μm |
| Face battle array scale | 320×256 |
| Data output mode | 4 road parallel outputs or 1 road Serial output |
| Refrigeration machine type | The integrated sterlin refrigerators of RM4 |
| Wavelength response range | 8.0 μm～12.5 μm |
| Focal plane operating temperature | 55～65K |
| Module dissipation | (reach within about 5 minutes) in 19W@refrigeration, 9W@normal works |
| Charge storage | GAIN1：36.0Me-(2.1pf)GAIN0：14.8Me-(0.7pf) |
| Dynamic range | GAIN1：2.75V (1.6～4.35V) GAIN0：3.4V (1.6～5.00V) |
| Master clock frequency scope | <6.6MHz |
| The minimum integration time | 3.0μs |
| Highest frame frequency | 320Hz |
| Pixel filling rate | More than 90% |
| Read noise | 1000e- (high gain mode) |
| Pixel NETD | <33mK (average) |
Claims (1)
1. a kind of practical thermal infrared hyperspectral imager load system, including real-time calibration device (1), preposition telescope (2),
Low-temperature cold box germanium window (3), slit (4), low temperature spectra instrument (5), low-temperature cold box (6) and thermal infrared focal plane detection device assembly
(7), it is characterised in that：
The thermal infrared radiation spectral information of object scene through preposition telescope (2) through low-temperature cold box germanium window (3) post-concentration in
Slit (4) place, afterwards through the light splitting of low temperature spectra instrument (5), the thermal infrared spectrum signal uniform chromatic dispersion of incident target is opened
Come, then the spectral information of different-waveband converges at the corresponding position of focal plane of thermal infrared focal plane detection device assembly (7)；In system
Slit (4), that low temperature spectra instrument (5), thermal infrared focal plane detection device assembly (7) are respectively positioned on low-temperature cold box (6) is internal, in system
In normal temperature and pressure environment when, cold box interior is high vacuum state, its internal part by 2 sterlin refrigerator closed loop refrigerations to
100K, the small-sized refrigerating mechanism cold that the photosurface of thermal infrared focal plane detection device assembly is carried by which to 60K；Low-temperature cold box germanium window
Mouth (3) position is located on low-temperature cold box, just to preposition telescope, it is ensured that the target optical information that assembles through preposition telescope is entered
Cold box interior is not blocked, and it is connected and sealed using vacuum flange and low-temperature cold box, works in normal temperature state；Thermal infrared is high
When optical spectrum imagers load system works, the hyperspectral information of a scan stripes band of target can be obtained, by airborne or
Space remote sensing platform pushes away the three-dimensional profile information that the mode that sweeps obtains target.
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| CN105136296B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-08-25 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | A kind of long wave imaging spectrometer low-temperature model and its Method of Adjustment |
| CN106017676A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-10-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | Infrared imaging spectral measurement system based on gradual filter |
| CN108426849A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-21 | 昆明物理研究所 | Environmental gas infrared monitoring system and monitoring method |
| CN111442841A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-24 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Composite calibration device for thermal infrared hyperspectral imager |
| CN112067140A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-11 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Multi-level microwave synthetic aperture calibration device and method for sea surface temperature detection |
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| CN104535183A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-22 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Spectrum calibration system suitable for thermal infrared hyperspectral imager |
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