CN103307977A - Field measuring device, system and method of inner wall size of large rotary workpiece - Google Patents
Field measuring device, system and method of inner wall size of large rotary workpiece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种大型回转类工件内壁尺寸的测量装置，包括底座，用于支撑装置其它部件；安装架，用于将装置安装于待测工件上；回转机构，安装于底座与安装架之间，用于带动激光位移传感器在水平面上回转；纵向移动机构，用于调整激光位移传感器在竖直方向的位置；横向移动机构，用于在水平方向上调整激光位移传感器相对工件测点的距离；调平机构，用于调节激光位移传感器的姿态使其发出的激光束水平入射工件测点；激光位移传感器，用于测量工件测点到传感器的距离。本发明还提供了基于该测量装置的测量系统和方法。本发明利用激光三角测量原理确定测点的空间坐标，测量精度高；能够自动调整测量位置，适用于各种大型回转壳体类零件的现场测量。
The invention discloses a measuring device for the size of the inner wall of a large rotary workpiece, which comprises a base for supporting other parts of the device; a mounting frame for installing the device on the workpiece to be measured; a rotary mechanism installed between the base and the mounting frame The space is used to drive the laser displacement sensor to rotate on the horizontal plane; the longitudinal movement mechanism is used to adjust the position of the laser displacement sensor in the vertical direction; the lateral movement mechanism is used to adjust the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the measuring point of the workpiece in the horizontal direction ; The leveling mechanism is used to adjust the attitude of the laser displacement sensor so that the laser beam emitted is horizontally incident on the workpiece measuring point; the laser displacement sensor is used to measure the distance from the workpiece measuring point to the sensor. The invention also provides a measuring system and method based on the measuring device. The invention uses the principle of laser triangulation to determine the spatial coordinates of the measuring point, has high measurement accuracy, can automatically adjust the measurement position, and is suitable for on-site measurement of various large-scale rotary shell parts.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to advanced field of measuring technique, aim to provide a kind of field measurement apparatus, system and method for huge revolving class workpiece inwall size.
Background technology
The continuous development of making process technology along with the modern times, the application of huge revolving class workpiece more and more widely and along with the improving constantly of machine finish, are also had higher requirement to the measurement of huge revolving class workpiece.
For large complicated carved class workpiece, often enormous size, and surperficial operating mode complexity can't measure with traditional measuring machine, and for the large-scale rotation class workpiece that contains inner chamber, traditional contact type measurement machine can't be deep in the inner chamber especially and measure.Large revolving body such as generating set, pressure vessel class workpiece for example, its weight reaches several or tens tons usually, diameter can reach ten meters, for huge revolving class workpiece, the situation of the fault of construction that this class workpiece of needs detection produces in manufacturing and use, thus in time find fault, the origin cause of formation of analyzing defect and fault and rule, improve manufacturing process, improve the quality of products, to guarantee device security, efficient, operation reliably.
At present, for the measurement of revolving body workpieces often after workpiece machines, detect with off-line fixed point manual mode, this detection mode operator's subjectivity is big, be easy to generate omission, and the off-line measurement mode also causes the production process of whole work-piece long, and production efficiency is low, problems such as production cost height.
Summary of the invention
At above defective or the improvement demand of prior art, the invention provides a kind of field measurement apparatus, system and method for huge revolving class workpiece inwall size, realize the accurate measurement to huge revolving class workpiece inwall size.
A kind of measurement mechanism of huge revolving class workpiece inwall size is characterized in that, comprises
Base is used for other parts of bracing or strutting arrangement;
Erecting frame is used for device is installed on workpiece for measurement;
Slew gear is installed between base and the erecting frame, is used for driving laser displacement sensor and turns round at surface level;
Longitudinal moving mechanism is installed on the slew gear, is used for the position that in the vertical direction is adjusted the relative workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor;
Transverse moving mechanism is installed on the longitudinal moving mechanism, is used for adjusting in the horizontal direction the position of the relative workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor so that laser displacement sensor to the distance of workpiece inwall in suitable range ability;
Levelling gear is installed on the transverse moving mechanism, be used for to regulate the laser beam glancing incidence workpiece measuring point that the attitude of laser displacement sensor is sent it;
Laser displacement sensor is installed on the levelling gear, is used for the measuring workpieces measuring point to the distance of sensor.
Further, described slew gear comprises main spindle box, main shaft, the first grating chi that is used for rotating first servomotor of drive shaft and is used for measuring the angle of revolution; The bottom of main shaft connects base, and the top of main shaft connects main spindle box after the first grating chi is installed, and main spindle box is installed on the bracing frame.
Further, described longitudinal moving mechanism comprises ball-screw, is used for driving second servomotor of ball-screw rotation and is used for measuring the second grating chi that vertically moves distance that laser sensor is given birth to by ball-screw rotating band movable property, ball-screw is installed in the main shaft, second servomotor is installed in the main spindle box, and the second grating chi is installed on the main shaft.
Further, described transverse moving mechanism comprises transverse arm, rack and pinion drive mechanism, is used for driving the 3rd servomotor of transverse arm transversal stretching and the 3rd grating chi that is used for measuring the transversal stretching distance, transverse arm connects second servomotor by rack and pinion drive mechanism, transverse arm connects ball-screw by mounting blocks, rack and pinion drive mechanism and the 3rd servomotor are installed in the mounting blocks, and the 3rd grating chi is installed on the transverse arm.
Further, described levelling gear comprises leveling platform and adjustment nut, and the upper surface of leveling platform is equipped with laser displacement sensor, and the lower surface of leveling platform is equipped with the adjustment nut.
Further, described laser displacement sensor is the pointolite laser displacement sensor.
A kind of measuring system of huge revolving class workpiece inwall size comprises
Base is used for other parts of bracing or strutting arrangement;
Erecting frame is used for device is installed on workpiece;
Slew gear is installed between base and the erecting frame, is used for driving laser displacement sensor and turns round at surface level;
Longitudinal moving mechanism is installed on the slew gear, is used for adjusting laser displacement sensor in the position of vertical direction;
Transverse moving mechanism is installed on the longitudinal moving mechanism, is used for adjusting in the horizontal direction the distance of the relative workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor;
Levelling gear is installed on the transverse moving mechanism, be used for to regulate the laser beam glancing incidence workpiece measuring point that the attitude of laser displacement sensor is sent it; And
Laser displacement sensor is installed on the levelling gear, is used for the measuring workpieces measuring point to the distance of sensor.
Control center, connect slew gear respectively, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism and laser displacement sensor, be used for the control slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism, the motion of transverse moving mechanism with mobile laser displacement sensor to the target location, receive slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism, the positional information of the laser displacement sensor of transverse moving mechanism feedback, receive workpiece measuring point that laser displacement sensor gathers and the range information between sensor, the volume coordinate that calculates measuring point in conjunction with positional information and the range information between workpiece measuring point and sensor of laser displacement sensor.
Further, control center comprises motion control card and laser detection module, and the laser detection module comprises that cad model imports module, measuring point path planning module, measurement parameter load module, data communication module and measured data processing module;
Cad model imports module, is used for importing the cad model of workpiece for measurement;
The measuring point path planning module is used for determining that according to the geological information of cad model measuring point distributes, the planning survey path, and then generate the measurement instruction, will measure instruction and send motion control card to;
The measurement parameter load module is for the running parameter of input laser displacement sensor;
Data communication module, the positional information for the laser displacement sensor that receives slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism feedback receives the workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor collection and the range information between sensor;
Measured data processing module is used for the volume coordinate that positional information and the range information between workpiece measuring point and sensor in conjunction with laser displacement sensor calculate measuring point;
Motion control card be used for to receive the measurement instruction from the measuring point path planning module, according to the motion of measuring instruction control slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism with mobile laser displacement sensor to the target location.
Further, described measurement parameter load module also is used for the material information of input workpiece for measurement, and described measured data processing module also is used for according to the material information of workpiece for measurement and the incident angle of laser displacement sensor the workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor collection and the range information between sensor being revised.
A kind of measuring method of huge revolving class workpiece inwall size is specially:
Import the cad model of workpiece for measurement;
Determine that according to the geological information of cad model measuring point distributes the planning survey path;
Move laser displacement sensor to the target location according to measuring route;
Start laser displacement sensor, obtain the range information between workpiece measuring point and sensor;
The volume coordinate that calculates measuring point in conjunction with positional information and the range information between workpiece measuring point and sensor of laser displacement sensor.
In general, the above technical scheme of conceiving by the present invention compared with prior art, the present invention utilizes the laser triangulation principle to determine the volume coordinate of measuring point, the measuring accuracy height; This device adopts erecting frame to be placed on the workpiece, realizes in-site measurement; This device can be regulated laser displacement sensor to the distance of inwall automatically according to the concavo-convex degree of revolution class workpiece inwall, guarantees that inwall is in the range ability of gauge head; This device can be used for large-scale shell part that surplus that huge revolving shell part scene adds man-hour estimates, machines to carry out quality evaluation and detects in use the wearing and tearing of large-scale shell part, loses defect distribution such as circle.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is measurement mechanism structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the workflow diagram of measurement mechanism of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is control center's structural drawing of measuring system of the present invention.
In institute's drawings attached, identical Reference numeral is used for representing components identical or structure, wherein:
The 1-door frame 2-main spindle box 3-main shaft 4-5-of travel mechanism transverse arm 6-level(l)ing device 7-laser displacement sensor 8-base
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explaining the present invention, and be not used in restriction the present invention.In addition, below in each embodiment of described the present invention involved technical characterictic just can not make up mutually as long as constitute conflict each other.
Technical thought of the present invention is: the measurement of coordinates of point is based on the laser triangulation principle, the laser beam that laser displacement sensor sends projects the testee surface and reflects, CCD element in the sensor is determined the measured point to the distance of sensor by receiving reflection ray, and the position of combined sensor and measuring point are determined the volume coordinate of measuring point to the distance of sensor then.
Based on above-mentioned technical thought, the invention provides a kind of preferred embodiments (not limiting to this mode) of field measurement apparatus of huge revolving class workpiece inwall size, as shown in Figure 1, this device comprises portal frame 1, main spindle box 2, main shaft 3, longitudinal moving mechanism 4, transverse moving mechanism 5, levelling gear 6, laser displacement sensor 7 and base 8.
The bottom of main shaft 3 connects base 8, and the top of main shaft 3 connects main spindle box 2, and the middle part of main shaft 3 is equipped with longitudinal moving mechanism 4, and longitudinal moving mechanism 4 connects levelling gear 6 by transverse moving mechanism 5, and laser displacement sensor 7 is installed on the levelling gear 6; Main spindle box 2 is fixed on the portal frame 1;
This planer-type measuring mechanism is installed on the huge revolving class workpiece, and base 8 is installed on the worktable of bottom, is used for fixing and supports main shaft 3.Laser displacement sensor is the pointolite laser displacement sensor.Main spindle box 2 and main shaft 3 have constituted slew gear, drive laser displacement sensor 7 and turn round at surface level.The bottom of main shaft connects base, and the top of main shaft connects main spindle box after the first grating chi is installed, and main spindle box is installed on the bracing frame.The first grating chi adopts circle grating chi.Longitudinal moving mechanism 4 comprises ball-screw, is used for driving second servomotor of ball-screw rotation and is used for measuring the second grating chi that vertically moves distance, ball-screw is installed in the main shaft, second servomotor is installed in the main spindle box, the second grating chi is installed on the main shaft 3, the second driven by servomotor ball-screw drives laser displacement sensor 7 and moves up and down at vertical plane, and the second grating chi is gathered the longitudinal position information of laser displacement sensor 7.Transverse moving mechanism 5 comprises transverse arm, rack and pinion drive mechanism, be used for driving the 3rd servomotor of transverse arm transversal stretching and the 3rd grating chi that is used for measuring horizontal displacement, transverse arm connects the 3rd servomotor by rack and pinion drive mechanism, transverse arm connects ball-screw by nut seat, rack and pinion drive mechanism and the 3rd servomotor are installed in the mounting blocks, the 3rd grating chi is installed on the transverse arm, the 3rd servomotor drives the transverse arm transversal stretching by the rack-and-pinion driver, thereby adjusts the distance of the relative workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor in the horizontal direction.Second and three grating chis adopt long grating chi.Levelling gear comprises the leveling platform and adjusts nut, the upper surface of leveling platform is equipped with laser displacement sensor, the lower surface of leveling platform is equipped with the adjustment nut, adjusts nut by rotation and regulates the laser beam glancing incidence workpiece measuring point that the attitude of laser displacement sensor is sent it.
When beginning to measure, at first adjust the position of laser displacement sensor 7 in the vertical directions by the ball-screw in the main shaft 3, arrive after the desired location, adjust the move left and right of transverse arm 5, make laser displacement sensor to the distance of inwall in suitable range ability, finely tune by levelling gear 6 then, guarantee beating on inwall of laser beam level.After finishing, institutional adjustment begins to measure, to turn round the class part model at first on computers and be divided into some parts of circumferential sections vertically, simultaneously choose a plurality of points at the first-class branch of each circumferential section, laser displacement sensor rotates around main shaft, each point to a circumferential section detects, the numerical value of corresponding point on the cross section downloaded in record, by ball-screw transverse axis moved to next circumferential section then, measures the point on the cross section again.
Apparatus of the present invention can adapt to the revolution class workpiece of various diameters, can the machining precision of slewing parts inner chamber be detected, and also can detect and lose circularity and abrasion condition.
Referring to Fig. 2, the process of utilizing above-mentioned measurement mechanism to measure is specially:
At first will import the workpiece cad model, the state of the geometric properties through explaining, extract after the translation model and real-time demonstration realistic model, according to the geological information planning survey path of model and and the distribution of measuring point, generate and measure instruction, measure the volume coordinate that calculates measuring point in conjunction with positional information and the range information between workpiece measuring point and sensor of laser displacement sensor according to each driven by motor laser displacement sensor of measuring instruction control survey device.After workpiece sensing finishes, set up the three-dimensional model of workpiece reality according to measuring coordinate figure, then with master pattern on corresponding standard point compare and screen, calculate the crudy parameter on each cross section of revolution class workpiece, instruct processing and the reparation of workpiece with the gained result.
In the present invention, laser displacement sensor adopts helicoid measurement, and laser feeler is around main shaft gyration, and the Along ent image data on the circumference is set up the realistic model of revolution class workpiece then.This realistic model and theoretical model mate the back contrast, can draw the quality information of workpiece processing, the inner wall abrasion information after the use, mistake circularity information.
Based on above-mentioned measurement mechanism and measuring method, the present invention also provides a kind of measuring system of huge revolving class workpiece inwall size, comprises above-mentioned measurement mechanism and control center.Control center comprises motion control card and laser detection module, and the laser detection module comprises that cad model imports module, measuring point path planning module, measurement parameter load module, data communication module and measured data processing module;
Cad model imports module, is used for importing the cad model of workpiece for measurement;
The measuring point path planning module is used for determining that according to the geological information of cad model measuring point distributes, the planning survey path, and then generate the measurement instruction, will measure instruction and send motion control card to;
The measurement parameter load module is for the running parameter of input laser displacement sensor;
Data communication module, the positional information for the laser displacement sensor that receives slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism feedback receives the workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor collection and the range information between sensor;
Measured data processing module is used for the volume coordinate that positional information and the range information between workpiece measuring point and sensor in conjunction with laser displacement sensor calculate measuring point;
Motion control card be used for to receive the measurement instruction from the measuring point path planning module, according to the motion of measuring instruction control slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism, transverse moving mechanism with mobile laser displacement sensor to the target location.
Preferably, described measurement parameter load module also is used for the material information of input workpiece for measurement, described measured data processing module also is used for according to material information and the laser displacement sensor incident angle of workpiece for measurement the workpiece measuring point of laser displacement sensor collection and the range information between sensor being revised, concrete modification method is as follows: the error that laser displacement sensor is measured different angles and unlike material of mode is by experiment carried out checking repeatedly in advance, draw graph of errors, the correction algorithm of design example such as difference algorithm is embedded in the measured data processing module.Because the master pattern of workpiece is known, the incident angle of laser beam on each measuring point is exactly known, utilizes the algorithm of design just can revise error, makes revised measured value as much as possible near actual value.
Referring to Fig. 3, control center is controlling whole hardware platform as core of hardware platform, makes measurement mechanism finish every function.The laser detection module loading of control center connects motion control card on the PC host computer on the PC host computer.By grating chi feedack, control center can control the motion of slew gear, longitudinal moving mechanism and transverse moving mechanism accurately, and then realizes the accurate location of laser displacement sensor in the space.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limiting the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
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