CN103306686A - Tunnel structure and method for preventing volcanic eruption - Google Patents
Tunnel structure and method for preventing volcanic eruption Download PDFInfo
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- CN103306686A CN103306686A CN2013102329841A CN201310232984A CN103306686A CN 103306686 A CN103306686 A CN 103306686A CN 2013102329841 A CN2013102329841 A CN 2013102329841A CN 201310232984 A CN201310232984 A CN 201310232984A CN 103306686 A CN103306686 A CN 103306686A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel structure and a method for preventing volcanic eruption. The tunnel structure is characterized in that one end of a tunnel is connected with a lava chamber inside a volcano, and the other end of the tunnel is far away from the lava chamber and is connected with the outside of the ground, so that lava in the lava chamber is guided or accommodated, and pressure above a volcanic vent is reduced; and the length of the tunnel is 20-40 times of a passageway for vertical eruption of the volcano, the cross sectional area of the tunnel is 50-150 square meters, the depth of the tunnel is 5-10 kilometers underground, and the tunnel is a horizontal tunnel, or gradually extends upwards after the tunnel leaves the lava chamber, or gradually extends downwards and then extends upwards.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the prevention area of natural calamity, particularly a kind of tunnel structure and method that prevents volcanic eruption.
Background technology
" super-volcano " (supervolcano) word comes from the filmograph of BBC, this sheet analysis and prediction process and the consequence of following Huangshi volcano eruption.In February, 2008 " Elements " magazine super-volcano special edition, summarized the academic research with the relevant each side of super-volcano outburst, comprise that super-volcano is historical, the outburst form, the lava chamber is analyzed, the volcanic crater size, intensity and the duration of eruption, omen before the outburst, outburst dynamic process, and the impact and the consequence that produce.The E.A. Parfitt that delivers recently and the works of L. Wilson "
Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology. " describe physical mechanism and the analogy method of volcano eruption in detail.
47 super-volcanos of nearly total in the world.The research of super-volcano can be traced back to the research that van Bemmelen did the Toba lake in 1949 the earliest." super outburst " (supereruption) word is generally defined as volcano explosion index VEI and reaches more than 8 grades, and the lava discharge amount reaches the volcano eruption of (being equivalent to the pozzolan area coverage reaches more than 1000 square kilometres) more than 450 cubic kilometers.Pozzuolanic deposit mainly is comprised of pyroclastic flow (pyroclastic) material, and their density is far below the density of lava, then than the latter large 3 times of volumes.Maximum super-volcano eruption can produce nearly 4500 cubic kilometers lava." super-volcano " is defined as and produces at least the once volcano of super outburst.The material that the such super-volcano in similar Huangshi volcano sprays can be Duoed 10,000 times than the Sheng Hailun volcano of outburst in 1980.The appearance of super-volcano is a huge sunk area of ground surface, and area can reach 100 square kilometres.
Please refer to Fig. 1, the root of volcano eruption is that the lava in the underground lava chamber is rushed to ground along the pipeline (vertically erupting passage) of a rising, breaks through the resistance on earth's surface and produces the process of blast.In this process, the gases at high pressure of lava inside are released owing to pressure reduces suddenly near the earth's surface time, produce huge blast.The flowability of lava material is poorer, and the gas in the lava just is difficult to overflow so, and therefore final blast is also just stronger.The lava chamber of super-volcano is made of two kinds of lava usually, and the bottom part mainly is basalt (basaltic) magma, and they are main drives of blast.The upper strata of lava chamber mainly is the very high rhyolite of viscosity (ryholitic) magma, and they are main components of explosive.Volcano eruption or since surface pressure reduce, perhaps since the pressure increase at the end, ground cause.
The super-volcano outburst will bring large-scale destruction.Life in several thousand square kilometres of scopes of explosion center will be killed up to the pyroclastic flow of 400 degree to 800 degree by temperature.Pozzuolanic area coverage can reach the whole continent (continent).The flight of aircraft will be had a strong impact on.Surpass 10 centimetres to 15 centimetres the pozzolan roof, house that will crush at thickness.The pozzolan of one centimetre of thickness will work the mischief to the growth of crops.The pollution at water source will make power station and nuclear power station close.Sulfur gas in the volcanics will become the sulfuric acid particle with the fluid layer transfer, and stops the several years, thereby makes Global Temperature decline 10 degree, and convalescence may reach 10 years.Tropical rain forest can be destroyed by the amount of precipitation of microthermal climate and minimizing.Winter will be worldwide caused large-scale famine in this volcano, and the foundation structure of human social activity will shut down in the time in several years at some months.Therefore, must provide a kind of method that prevents or postpone volcanic eruption.
Owing to causing owing to the indoor lava accumulation of lava is excessive during volcano eruption, so, as long as can from the lava chamber, discharge lava, alleviate the pressure of top, lava chamber, so just might prevent volcano eruption.
Stratford proposed a patent " Magma evacuation systems for the prevention of explosions from supervolcanoes, United States patent 20030145592 " that prevents volcano eruption.His main thought is to beat a bite well to lead to the slag chamber from the top of slag chamber, thereby slag is discharged by this well head.We think that the feasibility of this class proposal is poor: if the diameter of vertical shaft is meticulous, lava can be given this well very soon and stop up so, if too wide, might cause so the volcano blast.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the prior art above shortcomings, a kind of tunnel structure that prevents volcanic eruption is provided, by being guided out the indoor lava of lava to ground or being stored in tunnel internal, thereby reduce the indoor pressure of lava, effectively prolong and prevent volcanic eruption.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of tunnel structure that prevents volcanic eruption comprises a tunnel, and an end in tunnel connects the lava chamber of inside, a volcano, and the other end is away from the lava chamber and connect the outside, earth's surface, to guide or to hold the indoor lava of lava, to alleviate the pressure of top, volcanic crater;
Wherein, the length in tunnel is 20-40 times that passage is vertically erupted in the volcano, and cross-sectional area is 50-150 square metre, and the degree of depth is the tunnel of underground 5-10 kilometer, and the tunnel is horizontal tunnel, or makes progress gradually after leaving the lava chamber, or the shape that then makes progress downwards gradually.
Better, the tunnel comprises some arborizationses, in order to guiding or hold lava.
Better, the tunnel be evenly distributed on the lava chamber around.
The present invention also provides a kind of method that prevents volcanic eruption, by being guided out the indoor lava of lava to ground or being stored in tunnel internal, thereby reduces the indoor pressure of lava, effectively prolongs and prevents volcanic eruption.
A kind of method that prevents volcanic eruption comprises: excavate the tunnel of the lava chamber of inside, some connections one volcano, the other end is away from the lava chamber and connect the outside, earth's surface, in order to guide or to hold the indoor lava of lava, to alleviate the pressure of top, volcanic crater;
Wherein, the length in tunnel is 20-40 times that passage is vertically erupted in the volcano, and cross-sectional area 50-150 square metre, the degree of depth is the tunnel of underground 5-10 kilometer, and the tunnel is horizontal tunnel, or the shape that then makes progress downwards gradually after leaving the lava chamber.
Better, the tunnel comprises some arborizationses, in order to guiding or hold lava.
Better, the tunnel be evenly distributed on the lava chamber around.
Description of drawings
Shown in Figure 1 is the structure chart of lava chamber;
Shown in Figure 2 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the invention;
Shown in Figure 3 is the structural representation of another embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing of the present invention; technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is carried out clear, complete description and discussion; obviously; as described herein only is a part of example of the present invention; it is not whole examples; based on the embodiment among the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skills obtain under the prerequisite of not making creative work belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
For the ease of the understanding to the embodiment of the invention, be further explained explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing as an example of specific embodiment example, and each embodiment does not consist of the restriction to the embodiment of the invention.
To discharge underground lava on the one hand, can not cause again on the other hand the volcano blast, in order to solve this a pair of contradiction, the method that the present invention proposes is in the tunnel of the basic horizontal trend of the lava chamber periphery long distance of mine working (such as 100 kilometers), and lava is discharged in the middle of the underground lava tunnel.Because what lava was walked is subterranean tunnel, therefore just can not cause the volcano blast of top, lava chamber, on the other hand, through flowing of long distance, the volcano magma slow consumption falls its energy, when they flow to the other end in tunnel, to lose its destructiveness, become controllable lava and flow.
The tunnel section area is at 50-150 square metre, general section is about 10*10=100 square metre, and the tunnel degree of depth is at underground 5-10 kilometer, and to lead to the lava chamber near the mode of level, or after leaving the lava chamber, make progress gradually, or the shape that then makes progress downwards gradually.This Cross section Design can reach 18 meters wide, 11 meters high (Bayliss Cave) according to occurring in nature by the mobile natural tunnel that produces of slag.The degree of depth in tunnel also is according to the present dark subterranean tunnel of Most: South Africa mine tunnel (Western Deep), its degree of depth reach underground 3.4 kilometers, and the plan degree of depth will reach underground 5 kilometers.
Aspect tunnel-shaped and length, propose several design schemes here, and analyze their pros and cons:
The first string.Build a length in 100 kilometers to 200 kilometers tunnel, the degree of depth is at underground about 6 kilometers, and shape as shown in Figure 2.This degree of depth can arrive the top of lava chamber, can draw lava.Length is 20 to 40 times that passage is vertically erupted in the volcano, so whole tunnel is full of after the lava, gross weight also will reach the lava weight in the vertical channel, under this pressure, is unlikely to cause the explosivity eruption of lava.The advantage of long tunnel is safety, and shortcoming is that the lava flowing velocity is slower, and the possibility of blocking channel is arranged.
Second scheme.Shorten length of tunnel to the 40-50 kilometer, can accelerate flowing velocity, but the danger meeting of explosive eruption increases relatively.
The 3rd scheme.Build 100 to 150 kilometers long tunnels.The tunnel leaves the afterwards gradually descending then rising of lava chamber.Such character pair lava rises and causes larger pressure, reduces the danger of blast.See Fig. 3.Can hold the lava of 10-15 cubic kilometer within this tunnel.
In fact not necessarily to discharge the earth's surface to lava, be emitted on the time that lava in the tunnel also can delay volcano eruption greatly.The lava total amount of lava chamber, U.S. Yellowstone is 10,000 5 thousand cubic kilometers.If therefrom extract 15 cubic kilometers lava out, be equivalent to reduce 0.1% lava amount, perhaps be equivalent to 1% actual eruption amount.The Huangshi volcano need to spend the eruption amount that 60-70 just accumulated 1300 cubic kilometers in 10000 years, therefore needs the lava of 15 cubic kilometers of cost accumulation in about 7000.So, discharge 15 cubic kilometers lava, just can be volcano eruption time retardation several thousand.For winning time enough, the mankind develop more tunnel discharge lava.
Lower surface analysis once lava fills up the required time of whole tunnel.Lava 90% in Huangshi slag chamber is that rhyolite 10% is basalt, and the former often is in solid-state, and the latter often is in the fluid attitude, and both often are in admixture.
On land, the basalt lava in the flowing velocity on the gentle slope at hundreds of rice per hour to per hour between one kilometer, on steeper slope, flowing velocity can reach per hour 30-60 kilometer.So, fill up time of taking in 150 kilometers long tunnels greatly about one day by one month between.
If the lava main component in the tunnel is basalt, the analysis of mobility status is with more complicated so.On ground, basalt lava flowing velocity is several meters of every days.If basalt lava flowing velocity is 10 meters of every days in the tunnel, lava will expend 41 years and fill up 150 kilometers long tunnels so.On the other hand, underground basalt lava contains a high proportion of Compressed Gas interior, therefore has very high explosivity.In natural volcanic eruption, the basalt lava is in uphill process, and the gas that is compressed in the magma constantly overflows in uphill process, causes the lava material to expand and explodes, and stone and pozzolan are taken to the high-altitude at a terrific speed.Therefore, we constrain in explosive within the tunnel by the long tunnel of design, slowly release the gaseous matter in the lava.
By computer simulation and experiment will be to lava pressure on the spot, the tunnel wall resistance obtains further to understand, and can the flow situation make preliminary estimation.Expection may there will be two kinds of situations, and a kind of is to fill up most of tunnel under the lava pushed at high pressure to stop to flow afterwards, and another kind of possibility is that lava can flow out the tunnel face, and forming in the tunnel face does not have destructive small-sized eruption.
Consider that long distance tunnel itself also possesses the function of underground lava locker room, the present invention also comprises the net of subterranean tunnel on a large scale that excavation is made of a plurality of arborizationses, as large-scale lava discharging and storage system, around the slag chamber, evenly discharge lava.If the excavation in tunnel is the bottom of the deep enough slag of energy chamber at last, the so easier strong lava of flowability of directly drawing.
The above; only for the better specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention do not limit to therewith, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (6)
1. a tunnel structure that prevents volcanic eruption is characterized in that, comprises a tunnel, one end in described tunnel connects the lava chamber of inside, a volcano, the other end is away from described lava chamber and connect the outside, earth's surface, to guide or to hold the indoor lava of described lava, to alleviate the pressure of top, volcanic crater;
Wherein, the length in described tunnel is 20-40 times that passage is vertically erupted in described volcano, and cross-sectional area is between 50-150 square metre, the degree of depth is the tunnel of underground 5-10 kilometer, described tunnel is horizontal tunnel, or makes progress gradually after leaving described lava chamber, or the shape that then makes progress downwards gradually.
2. a kind of method that prevents volcanic eruption according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described tunnel comprises some arborizationses, in order to guiding or hold lava.
3. the described a kind of method that prevents volcanic eruption of any one in 2 according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described tunnel be evenly distributed on described lava chamber around.
4. method that prevents volcanic eruption, it is characterized in that, comprising: excavate the tunnel of the lava chamber of inside, some connections one volcano, the other end is away from described lava chamber and connect the outside, earth's surface, in order to guide or to hold the indoor lava of described lava, to alleviate the pressure of top, volcanic crater;
Wherein, the length in described tunnel is 20-40 times that passage is vertically erupted in described volcano, and cross-sectional area is about 50-150 square metre, the degree of depth is the tunnel of underground 5-10 kilometer, described tunnel is horizontal tunnel, or makes progress gradually after leaving described lava chamber, or the shape that then makes progress downwards gradually.
5. a kind of method that prevents volcanic eruption according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described tunnel can be single line, also can comprise some arborizationses, in order to guiding or hold lava.
6. the described a kind of method that prevents volcanic eruption of any one in 5 according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described tunnel be evenly distributed on described lava chamber around.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107130977A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-09-05 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Super-span dome hollow be oriented in underground nuclear reactor cavern excavates structure and excavation method |
| WO2018034583A1 (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2018-02-22 | Игорь Борис МАШИНСКИ | Method for preventing eruption of a dangerous caldera |
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| RU2231092C2 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2004-06-20 | Плугин Александр Илларионович | Method of prevention of volcano eruption |
| JP2009020659A (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-29 | Shimizu Corp | Volcano disaster prevention map system |
| CN102733372A (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2012-10-17 | 朴德春 | Prevention method for re-explosion of volcanoes in volcanic fields |
| CN102767171A (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-11-07 | 张科元 | Method for preventing destructive violent earthquakes and volcano eruptions |
| CA2791827A1 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2013-01-12 | Weimin Wu | Volcano eruption prevention process |
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2013
- 2013-06-13 CN CN2013102329841A patent/CN103306686A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
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| RU2231092C2 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2004-06-20 | Плугин Александр Илларионович | Method of prevention of volcano eruption |
| JP2009020659A (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2009-01-29 | Shimizu Corp | Volcano disaster prevention map system |
| CN102767171A (en) * | 2011-05-03 | 2012-11-07 | 张科元 | Method for preventing destructive violent earthquakes and volcano eruptions |
| CN102733372A (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2012-10-17 | 朴德春 | Prevention method for re-explosion of volcanoes in volcanic fields |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018034583A1 (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2018-02-22 | Игорь Борис МАШИНСКИ | Method for preventing eruption of a dangerous caldera |
| CN107130977A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-09-05 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Super-span dome hollow be oriented in underground nuclear reactor cavern excavates structure and excavation method |
| CN107130977B (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2023-10-10 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Hollow guide excavation structure and excavation method for ultra-large span dome of underground nuclear reactor cavity |
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Application publication date: 20130918 |