CN103302871A - 通过模制法制造物件的方法 - Google Patents

通过模制法制造物件的方法 Download PDF

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CN103302871A
CN103302871A CN2013100810998A CN201310081099A CN103302871A CN 103302871 A CN103302871 A CN 103302871A CN 2013100810998 A CN2013100810998 A CN 2013100810998A CN 201310081099 A CN201310081099 A CN 201310081099A CN 103302871 A CN103302871 A CN 103302871A
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polybag
die surface
mould
resin
plastic bag
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CN103302871B (zh
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S.O.林德
F.D.梅森
J.斯特格
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Siemens AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/443Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding and impregnating by vacuum or injection
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/48Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/0025Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2869/00Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof as mould material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085Wind turbine blades
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

本发明提供了一种通过模制法制造物件的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:提供模具,该模具具有呈现为待制造物件的负像的模具表面,具有处于所述模具表面中的开口,具有从所述模具表面中的开口延伸并能连接到吸入装置的流动通道,而且具有限定了模具表面的周界;将塑料袋固定到模具的周界;将塑料袋充气至高于周围压力的压力水平;利用吸入装置将塑料袋吸到模具表面的同时,从塑料袋释放压力;在塑料袋被保持为吸到模具表面的同时,将纤维层铺到塑料袋上;将树脂引入到铺放在塑料袋上的纤维中,然后固化所述树脂。

Description

通过模制法制造物件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过模制法制造物件的方法。更具体地,本发明涉及一种通过模制法制造风力涡轮机转子叶片的方法。
背景技术
大型的模制物件(例如像风力涡轮机转子叶片)典型地是通过树脂传递模制阀(RTM)制造的,特别是通过真空辅助树脂传递模制法(VARTM)制造的。在这种方法中,纤维材料被铺放在模腔中,树脂随后被注入到纤维材料中。在真空辅助树脂传递模制法的情况下,真空被施加到模腔,以便有助于树脂注入到纤维材料中。为了允许从模具中移除加工完毕的物件,在模腔的表面与纤维材料之间提供有脱模剂。树脂传递模制工艺的示例被公开在EP 1 310 351 B1, WO 2006/058540 A1, WO 2006/058541 A1和WO 2007/038930 A1中。
发明内容
相对于现有技术的状态,本发明的一个目的是要提供一种通过模制法制造物件的有利方法。
此目的通过权利要求1所述的通过模制法制造物件的方法来实现。各从属权利要求包含本发明的进一步改进。
本发明的通过模制法制造物件的方法,包括如下步骤:
提供模具,该模具具有呈现为待制造的所述物件的负像(negative image)的模具表面,具有处于所述模具表面中的开口,具有从所述模具表面中的所述开口延伸并能连接到吸入装置的流动通道,而且具有限定了所述模具表面的周界;
将塑料袋固定到所述模具的所述周界;
将所述塑料袋充气至高于周围压力的压力水平,例如高于周围大气压力的5%至50%,特别是高于周围大气压力的10%至20%之间;
利用所述吸入装置将所述塑料袋吸到所述模具表面的同时从所述塑料袋释放所述压力;
在所述塑料袋被保持为吸到所述模具表面的同时将纤维层铺到所述塑料袋上;
将树脂引入到铺放在所述塑料袋的所述纤维中,然后固化所述树脂。
将所述塑料袋吸到所述模具表面可持续,直到所述树脂被固化。
在本发明方法的一个具体实施例中,所述模具表面呈现为风力涡轮机转子叶片的负像。
本发明的方法允许在模具表面上提供没有褶皱的气密塑料膜,从而形成纤维层的基础。所述塑料袋的塑性材料使得在模制过程之后释放所完成的物件变得简单,而无需利用脱模剂对模具表面进行昂贵且费时的准备工作。同时,所述塑料袋在所述模具表面上形成可替换的塑料真空膜。这种膜允许模制物件具有高质量的表面光洁度。而且,当模制物件被完成时,由所述塑料袋形成的膜能够继续呆在物件的表面上,从而在运输期间保护该表面。所述塑料袋然后在运输之后在现场被移除。
有利的是,所述流动通道也能连接到泵或鼓风机,并且当所述塑料袋被铺放在所述模具表面上时,流体(例如空气)通过所述流动通道被泵送或吹入到所述模具表面的开口。所述流体于是在所述塑料袋与所述模具表面之间形成流体膜,因而减少了摩擦,并且使得将所述塑料袋没有褶皱地附接到所述模具的周界简单化。
当所述模具表面为凹形表面时,可使用略微小于(例如小于2%至10%,特别是小于3%至5%)所述模具表面的塑料袋。于是,当所述塑料袋被吸到所述模具表面时,所述塑料袋的至少一个条带被加热。热使塑料弱化,以允许最终的膨胀,从而通过塑料袋产生所述模具表面的全部覆盖。例如,可用热空气对所述塑料袋进行加热。
用作所述塑料袋的塑料的合适材料为聚碳酸酯。此材料具有的熔点足够高,以经受得住典型地用在树脂传递模制中的环氧树脂的放热反应。另外,其熔点足够低,以允许最终的膨胀,从而通过利用热空气对模具表面进行简单加热而产生模具表面的全部覆盖。因而,在本发明的有利改进中,聚碳酸酯袋被用作塑料袋。
附图说明
根据下文结合附图对实施例所作的描述,本发明进一步的特征、特性和优点将变得清楚。
图1以俯视图示意性地示出了用于风力涡轮机转子叶片的模具的一部分。
图2以穿过图1模具的剖视图示意性地示出了本发明方法的第一步骤。
图3以穿过图1模具部分的剖视图示意性地示出了本发明方法的另一步骤。
图4以穿过图1模具部分的剖视图示意性地示出了本发明方法的又一步骤。
图5以穿过图1模具部分的剖视图示意性地示出了本发明方法的又一步骤。
具体实施方式
附图示出了一个模具部分(或模具部件),其被用来通过树脂传递模制法来形成作为待制造物件的一个例子的风力涡轮机转子叶片。图中所示的模具部分是用于形成叶片吸入侧的模具部分。原则上,叶片可通过单独地形成叶片的吸入侧和压力侧的外壳然后组合这两个外壳以建立风力涡轮转子叶片而形成。另一方面,如果用于形成压力侧(未示出)的模具部分和用于形成吸入侧的模具部分被设计成使其能够组合以形成闭合的模具空间,并且如果存在模芯,那么也可以在单一模制步骤中形成整个外壳。
图中所示的模具部分1(在下文中仅被称为模具)包括模具表面3,该模具表面3是待形成的吸入侧的负像(参见图2)。因而,模具表面具有凹形形状。模具表面3由周界5界定,其包括用于将塑料袋13固定到其上的装置。该装置例如可以为粘合剂、夹子、销等。而且,模具表面包括多个开口7(参见图2),流体(特别是空气)能够通过多个开口7从模具表面上方的区域吸入或吹入此区域。为了允许吸入或吹入,开口7可通过流动通道9连接到吸入装置或吹入装置,其中该流动通道9将开口7连接到吸入装置或吹入装置。在本实施例中,存在允许使流动方向反向的组合式吸入和吹入装置11(例如泵或风扇)。模具例如可在铣削工艺中由铝型材形成。
在下文中,将参照图2至图5描述本发明的方法,图2至图5以穿过图1模具1的剖面图的形式示意性地示出了本发明的各个步骤。
在本发明方法的第一步骤中,塑料袋13被固定到模具1的周界5。塑料袋13的尺寸略微小于模具1的尺寸,从而使得塑料袋13至少在模具表面3的中心部分中不会接触凹入的模具表面3。图2示出了具有被附贴于模具周界5的塑料袋13的模具1。
通过将塑料袋13粗略地打开至正确位置并随后从模具表面3的开口7中吹出空气以减少塑料中的摩擦,例如可实现将塑料袋13放入到模具1中,这允许将塑料袋13的边缘固定到周界5,而不会在塑料袋中产生褶皱。
一旦塑料袋13的边缘被固定到模具1的周界5,则袋13被略微地充气,以去除塑料中任何不均匀的张力。充气后的袋13被示于图3中。
一旦塑料13已调整为正确形状,则用于对塑料袋13略微充气的压力被释放,利用组合式吸入和吹入装置11缓慢地吸出塑料13与模具表面3之间的空间17的空气。换言之,当压力被释放时,真空缓慢地应用到袋13与模具表面3之间的空间17。因此,塑料袋13将在没有褶皱的情况下安置好,因为塑料袋13比其所要覆盖的凸形表面略小。限定了待形成风力涡轮机转子叶片(比较图1)的根端的模具表面的区部15可略微延伸,从而避免出现尖锐的角部,以便允许塑料袋调整为没有褶皱的正确形状。
由于塑料袋13比其将要覆盖的表面3略小,因而需要膨胀,以便靠在模具表面3上。为了使得袋的膨胀简单,塑料袋13可被加热,至少在中心条带中被加热,以便弱化塑料,因而减少了抵抗塑料袋13膨胀的阻力。在本实施例中,通过热空气鼓风机19实现加热,鼓风机19被移动到模具1中的塑料袋13上方,并且至少加热塑料袋的中心条带。然而,对塑料袋进行加热的其他装置(如红外灯、灯丝等)可被用来代替热空气鼓风机。弱化的塑料于是允许塑料袋的最终膨胀,以使其靠在模具表面3上。借助热空气鼓风机19弱化塑料造成的塑料袋的最终膨胀被示意性地示于图4中。用于执行此膨胀的合适的塑性材料为聚碳酸酯,其具有用于实际应用的适当的耐热性,这是由于其熔点足够高,因而经受得住模制过程中树脂固化期间的温度,并且其熔点又足够低,因而其能够通过热空气弱化而被膨胀。对于弱化后的塑料,组合式吸入和吹入装置11提供的吸力足够强,以将其吸靠在模具表面3上。
一旦塑料袋13如图5所示地靠在整个模具表面上,就可开始层铺纤维材料(图中未示出)。在纤维材料已被铺放到模具1中之后,模具由第二模具部分或类似于真空盖的气密盖封闭,并且树脂被引入到纤维材料中。将树脂引入到纤维材料中可通过对容纳纤维材料的空间应用真空而得到帮助。在纤维材料浸满液体树脂之后,应用热对树脂进行固化,以便制造风力涡轮机转子叶片的外壳。在固化完成之后,将塑料袋13吸到模具表面3的真空被释放。塑料袋于是允许从模具容易地移除完成的风力涡轮机转子叶片。另外,移除外壳能够通过开口7将空气吹到模具表面3中而得到进一步的帮助。塑料袋在运输期间能够保持位于风力涡轮机转子叶片外部,从而保护转子叶片的表面。然后在运输之后将在施工现场移除袋。
本发明的方法允许在不使用脱模剂的情况下从模具简单地移除完成的风力涡轮机转子叶片外壳。而且,使用塑料袋提供外壳的高质量表面加工,这是由于塑料袋能够在没有褶皱的情况下覆盖模具表面。将塑料袋没有褶皱地放在模具表面上能够通过从模具表面3的开口7吹出空气减少摩擦而实现。塑料袋13的充气于是去除了在塑料袋中不均匀分布的张力。在从充气的塑料袋释放压力的同时将塑料袋吸靠在模具表面3上,使得袋在靠着模具表面3的同时承受张力,这防止在塑料袋中形成褶皱。剩余的张力然后通过软化塑料的热空气鼓风机或任一其他合适的加热装置而被移除,从而使得塑料能够完全稳定在模具表面3上。
尽管已联系具体的实施例结合附图描述了本发明,但来自该实施例的各种变型也是可能的。例如,在本实施例中,尽管塑料袋的加热是从袋的表现为远离模具表面的那一侧进行的,但加热也可从模具表面进行。而且,尽管提到了用聚碳酸酯作为袋的材料,但适于在固化树脂期间承受温度并且能够足以被软化以用于最后的膨胀过程的任意其他材料也可被用作塑料袋的材料。软化并非必须通过加热来进行。其也可例如通过化学方式来进行。因而,本发明将不被限于该示例性实施例,而应该仅由所附权利要求限定。

Claims (7)

1. 一种通过模制法制造物件的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供模具(1),该模具(1)具有呈现为待制造的所述物件的负像的模具表面(3),具有处于所述模具表面(3)中的开口(7),具有从所述模具表面(3)中的所述开口延伸并能连接到吸入装置(11)的流动通道(9),而且具有限定了所述模具表面(3)的周界(5);
将塑料袋固定到所述模具(1)的所述周界(5);
将所述塑料袋充气至高于周围压力的压力水平;
利用所述吸入装置(11)将所述塑料袋(13)吸到所述模具表面(3)的同时,从所述塑料袋(13)释放所述压力;
在所述塑料袋(13)被保持为吸到所述模具表面(3)的同时,将纤维层铺到所述塑料袋(13)上;
将树脂引入到铺放在所述塑料袋(13)上的所述纤维中,然后固化所述树脂。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述流动通道(9)能连接到泵或鼓风机(11),并且当所述塑料袋(13)被铺放在所述模具表面(3)时,流体通过所述流动通道(9)被泵送或吹入到所述模具表面(3)的所述开口(7)。
3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述模具表面(3)为凹形表面,略微小于所述模具表面(3)的塑料袋(13)被使用,并且当所述塑料袋(13)被吸到所述模具表面(3)时,所述塑料袋(13)的至少一个条带被加热。
4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中热空气被用来对所述塑料袋(13)进行加热。
5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述塑料袋(13)被吸到所述模具表面(3),直到所述树脂被固化。
6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中聚碳酸酯袋被用作塑料袋(13)。
7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述模具表面(3)呈现为风力涡轮机转子叶片的负像。
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