CN103301928B - Liquid-solid fluidization sorting system - Google Patents

Liquid-solid fluidization sorting system Download PDF

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CN103301928B
CN103301928B CN201310222377.7A CN201310222377A CN103301928B CN 103301928 B CN103301928 B CN 103301928B CN 201310222377 A CN201310222377 A CN 201310222377A CN 103301928 B CN103301928 B CN 103301928B
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bed
variable
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diameter
pipe
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CN103301928A (en
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段晨龙
赵跃民
伍玲玲
盛成
周恩会
吕科技
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种液固流态化分选系统,包括倾斜放置的床体,床体的顶部和底部分别设有出水管和进水管,在出水管下侧和进水管上侧的床体上分别设有出料口和入料口,所述床体直径由下至上逐渐变大,在进水管和入料口之间的床体内设有水力分布板,在水力分布板上均布有若干通孔,在出料口和入料口之间的床体下倾斜壁面上设有流体管。本发明由于床体采用变径设计,水流速度随着管径增大而逐渐较小,颗粒在这种变径变速流场中始终处于变速运动状态,可实现宽粒级多组分物料按密度有效分选;通过在分选装置中引入气流或水流,使得堆积在壁面上的物料随着气流再次松散起来,重新进入变径变速流场中,进行第二次分选,大幅度提高分选效果。

The present invention discloses a liquid-solid fluidized sorting system, including an inclined bed, wherein a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe are respectively arranged at the top and bottom of the bed, and a discharge port and a feed port are respectively arranged on the bed at the lower side of the water outlet pipe and the upper side of the water inlet pipe, wherein the diameter of the bed gradually increases from bottom to top, a hydraulic distribution plate is arranged in the bed between the water inlet pipe and the feed port, a plurality of through holes are evenly distributed on the hydraulic distribution plate, and a fluid pipe is arranged on the lower inclined wall of the bed between the discharge port and the feed port. In the present invention, since the bed adopts a variable diameter design, the water flow velocity gradually decreases as the pipe diameter increases, and the particles are always in a variable speed motion state in this variable diameter and variable speed flow field, which can realize the effective sorting of wide particle size multi-component materials according to density; by introducing airflow or water flow into the sorting device, the materials accumulated on the wall surface are loosened again with the airflow, and re-enter the variable diameter and variable speed flow field for a second sorting, thereby greatly improving the sorting effect.

Description

液固流态化分选系统Liquid-solid fluidized separation system

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及农业生产、矿物加工、固体废弃物分选、物质分离回收领域,尤其是一种可实现宽粒级、多组分物料按密度有效分选的液固流态化分选系统。The invention relates to the fields of agricultural production, mineral processing, solid waste sorting, and material separation and recovery, in particular a liquid-solid fluidized sorting system capable of effectively sorting wide-grained and multi-component materials according to density.

背景技术Background technique

颗粒按密度分选在矿业、农业、固体废物分离等领域都有广泛应用。对于以水为介质的重力分选装置,分选组分的沉降末速是决定分选效率的主要因素。颗粒的沉降末速与颗粒的粒度、形状和密度有关,因而影响分选的因素较多,传统分选装置的应用也有一定的局限。为了提高分选效率,首先是要求被分选物料的密度差较大,其次是在分选之前通常需要进行破碎和筛分等工序,以降低粒度对分选的影响,存在的缺点是对分选物料的分级要求过细。同时,被分选组分的形状对分选效率也有很大影响。由于实际分选物料在粒度和形状上差异较大,精矿和尾矿的沉降末速往往相互重叠,造成了大多数现有以水为介质的重力分选装置的分选效率较低,无法实现以密度为主导的高效分离。同时,对于传统的倾斜重力分选设备,由于床面倾斜放置,分选过程中物料会沿着床面堆积,造成排料困难以及分选不彻底等问题,存在设备堵塞、操作复杂、分选效率不高等问题。Particle sorting by density is widely used in mining, agriculture, solid waste separation and other fields. For gravity separation devices using water as the medium, the final settling velocity of the separated components is the main factor determining the separation efficiency. The final sedimentation velocity of the particles is related to the particle size, shape and density, so there are many factors affecting the separation, and the application of traditional separation devices has certain limitations. In order to improve the sorting efficiency, first of all, the density difference of the sorted materials is required to be large, and secondly, crushing and screening processes are usually required before sorting to reduce the influence of particle size on sorting. The grading requirements of the selected materials are too fine. At the same time, the shape of the separated components also has a great influence on the separation efficiency. Due to the large difference in particle size and shape of the actual sorted materials, the final settlement velocities of the concentrate and tailings often overlap with each other, resulting in the low sorting efficiency of most existing gravity separation devices using water as the medium, which cannot Achieve highly efficient separations dominated by density. At the same time, for the traditional inclined gravity sorting equipment, due to the inclined bed surface, the material will accumulate along the bed surface during the sorting process, resulting in problems such as difficult discharge and incomplete sorting. The problem of low efficiency.

发明内容Contents of the invention

发明目的:鉴于已有以水为介质的重力分选装置存在的不足,本发明提供了一种可实现宽粒级多组分物料按密度有效分选,且能够避免分选过程中物料在床面堆积的液固流态化分选系统。Purpose of the invention: In view of the deficiencies of existing gravity separation devices using water as the medium, the present invention provides an effective separation of wide-grained and multi-component materials according to density, and can avoid the separation of materials in the bed during the separation process. Surface-stacked liquid-solid fluidized separation system.

为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用了如下的技术方案:In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

一种液固流态化分选系统,包括倾斜放置的床体,床体的顶部和底部分别设有出水管和进水管,在出水管下侧和进水管上侧的床体上分别设有出料口和入料口,所述床体为变径床体前端和变径床体后端组成的变径床体,床体直径由下至上逐渐变大,在床体前端和床体后端的外侧分别设置加强筋板和承载环,变径床体前端由变径床体前端中间支撑和变径床体前端两侧支撑支撑,变径床体后端由变径床体后端中间支撑和变径床体后端两侧支撑支撑;在进水管和入料口之间的床体内设有水力分布板,在水力分布板上均布有若干通孔,在出料口和入料口之间的床体下倾斜壁面上设有流体管,流体管连接风箱或水箱,所述流体管中部由水平流体直管支撑支撑,所述风箱上配置鼓风机,所述水箱上配置水泵;所述出水管和进水管均连接循环水箱;所述出料口连接输送带。A liquid-solid fluidized separation system, comprising an inclined bed body, the top and bottom of the bed body are respectively provided with outlet pipes and water inlet pipes, and the beds on the lower side of the water outlet pipe and the upper side of the water inlet pipe are respectively provided with Outlet and inlet. The bed is a variable-diameter bed composed of the front end of the variable-diameter bed and the rear end of the variable-diameter bed. The diameter of the bed gradually increases from bottom to top. Reinforcing ribs and bearing rings are arranged on the outside of the end respectively, the front end of the variable diameter bed body is supported by the middle support of the front end of the variable diameter bed body and the two sides of the front end of the variable diameter bed body, and the rear end of the variable diameter bed body is supported by the middle support of the rear end of the variable diameter bed body and the support on both sides of the rear end of the variable-diameter bed body; a hydraulic distribution plate is arranged in the bed body between the water inlet pipe and the material inlet, and a number of through holes are uniformly distributed on the hydraulic distribution plate, and the outlet and the material inlet A fluid pipe is provided on the lower inclined wall of the bed between them, and the fluid pipe is connected to a bellows or a water tank. The middle part of the fluid pipe is supported by a horizontal fluid straight pipe. Both the water outlet pipe and the water inlet pipe are connected to the circulating water tank; the discharge port is connected to the conveyor belt.

在本发明中,进一步的,所述流体管的个数大于等于1个。In the present invention, further, the number of the fluid pipes is greater than or equal to one.

在本发明中,进一步的,所述流体管上设有阀门和流量计。In the present invention, further, the fluid pipe is provided with a valve and a flow meter.

在本发明中,进一步的,所述床体的倾斜角度大于0°且小于90°。In the present invention, further, the inclination angle of the bed body is greater than 0° and less than 90°.

在本发明中,进一步的,所述出料口和入料口分别设置床体下倾斜壁面上和床体上倾斜壁面上。In the present invention, further, the material outlet and the material inlet are respectively provided on the lower inclined wall surface of the bed body and the upper inclined wall surface of the bed body.

在本发明中,进一步的,所述出水管和进水管分别由若干弯管和直管串接而成,相邻直管之间或弯管和直管之间通过平法兰盘连接,所述平法兰盘包括相互契合的凸法兰盘和凹法兰盘,凸法兰盘和凹法兰盘通过螺栓副连接,在凸法兰盘和凹法兰盘的契合面设有滤布。In the present invention, further, the water outlet pipe and the water inlet pipe are formed by connecting several bent pipes and straight pipes in series, and the adjacent straight pipes or the bent pipes and the straight pipes are connected by flat flanges. The flat flange includes a convex flange and a concave flange that fit each other. The convex flange and the concave flange are connected by bolt pairs, and a filter cloth is provided on the mating surface of the convex flange and the concave flange.

有益效果:本发明由于床体采用变径设计,水流速度随着管径增大而逐渐较小,颗粒在这种变径变速流场中始终处于变速运动状态,可实现宽粒级多组分物料按密度有效分选;通过在分选装置中引入气流或水流,使得堆积在壁面上的物料随着气流再次松散起来,重新进入变径变速流场中,进行第二次分选,大幅度提高分选效果。Beneficial effects: in the present invention, since the bed adopts a variable-diameter design, the water flow velocity gradually becomes smaller as the pipe diameter increases, and the particles are always in a variable-speed motion state in this variable-diameter variable-speed flow field, which can realize wide particle size and multi-component Materials are effectively sorted according to density; by introducing airflow or water flow into the sorting device, the materials accumulated on the wall are loosened again with the airflow, and re-enter the variable-diameter and variable-speed flow field for the second sorting, greatly Improve the sorting effect.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明分选系统的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is the structural representation of sorting system of the present invention;

图2是本发明的分选系统结构示意图中A区域的放大图;Fig. 2 is the magnified view of A region in the sorting system schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

图3是水力分布板结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydraulic distribution plate;

图4是本发明的分选系统结构示意图中B区域的放大图。Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of area B in the structural schematic diagram of the sorting system of the present invention.

图中:1-弯管,2-直管,3-平法兰盘,4-加强筋板,5-变径床体前端,6-水力分布板,7-入料口,8-变径床体后端,9-承载环,10-出料口,11-输送带,12-循环水箱,13-循环水泵,14-变径床体后端中间支撑,15-变径床体后端两侧支撑,16-水平流体直管支撑,17-风箱座,18-风箱,19-鼓风机,20-变径床体前端中间支撑,21-变径床体前端两侧支撑,22-水平水流直管支撑,23-凸法兰盘,24-滤布,25-螺栓副,26-凹法兰盘,27-阀门,28-流量计,29-流体管。In the figure: 1-bend pipe, 2-straight pipe, 3-flat flange, 4-reinforced plate, 5-reduced diameter bed front end, 6-hydraulic distribution plate, 7-feed inlet, 8-reduced diameter Rear end of bed body, 9-carrying ring, 10-outlet, 11-conveyor belt, 12-circulating water tank, 13-circulating water pump, 14-rear end intermediate support of variable diameter bed body, 15-rear end of variable diameter bed body Support on both sides, 16-horizontal fluid straight pipe support, 17-bellows seat, 18-bellows, 19-blower, 20-middle support at the front end of the variable diameter bed, 21-both sides support at the front end of the variable diameter bed, 22-horizontal water flow Straight pipe support, 23-convex flange, 24-filter cloth, 25-bolt pair, 26-concave flange, 27-valve, 28-flow meter, 29-fluid pipe.

具体实施方式:Detailed ways:

下面结合附图对本发明做更进一步的解释。The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

实施例一Embodiment one

如图1至4所示,本发明的液固流态化分选系统包括倾斜放置的床体、出水管、进水管、循环水箱12和风箱18。As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 , the liquid-solid fluidized separation system of the present invention includes an inclined bed, an outlet pipe, an inlet pipe, a circulating water tank 12 and an air box 18 .

床体倾斜角度在0°~90°范围内可调。床体为变径床体前端5和变径床体后端8组成的变径床体,床体直径由下至上逐渐变大,在床体前端5和床体后端8的外侧分别设置加强筋板4和承载环9。变径床体前端5由变径床体前端中间支撑20和变径床体前端两侧支撑21支撑,变径床体后端8由变径床体后端中间支撑14和变径床体后端两侧支撑15支撑。The inclination angle of the bed body is adjustable within the range of 0°~90°. The bed is a variable-diameter bed composed of the front end 5 of the variable-diameter bed body and the rear end 8 of the variable-diameter bed body. The diameter of the bed body gradually increases from bottom to top. Rib 4 and bearing ring 9. The front end 5 of the variable-diameter bed is supported by the middle support 20 at the front end of the variable-diameter bed and the supports 21 on both sides of the front end of the variable-diameter bed. 15 supports on both sides of the end.

在床体的上、下两端分别设有出水管和进水管,出水管和进水管均连接循环水箱12,进水管中部由水平水流直管支撑22支撑,在进水管靠近循环水箱12处设有循环水泵13。出水管和进水管分别由若干弯管1和直管2串接而成,相邻直管2之间或弯管1和直管2之间通过平法兰盘3连接。平法兰盘3包括相互契合的凸法兰盘23和凹法兰盘26,凸法兰盘23和凹法兰盘26通过螺栓副25连接,在凸法兰盘23和凹法兰盘26的契合面设有滤布24,滤布24的作用是过滤循环水箱12中水的杂质,实现系统水循环。The upper and lower ends of the bed are respectively provided with an outlet pipe and an inlet pipe. The outlet pipe and the inlet pipe are connected to the circulating water tank 12. Circulating water pump 13 is arranged. The water outlet pipe and the water inlet pipe are formed by connecting a number of curved pipes 1 and straight pipes 2 in series respectively, and the adjacent straight pipes 2 or between the curved pipes 1 and the straight pipes 2 are connected by flat flanges 3 . The flat flange 3 includes a convex flange 23 and a concave flange 26 that fit each other, and the convex flange 23 and the concave flange 26 are connected by a bolt pair 25, and the convex flange 23 and the concave flange 26 The matching surface of the filter cloth 24 is provided with a filter cloth 24, and the effect of the filter cloth 24 is to filter the impurities in the water in the circulating water tank 12 to realize the system water circulation.

在出水管下侧的床体下倾斜壁面上设有出料口10,出料口10连接输送带11,在进水管上侧的床体上倾斜壁面上设有入料口7,在进水管和入料口7之间的床体内设有水力分布板6,在水力分布板6上均布有若干通孔,可以使水力分布板6上端水流分布均匀。在出料口10和入料口7之间的床体下倾斜壁面上,沿床体长度方向间隔设置三个流体管29。流体管29与风箱18相连,风箱18由风箱座17支撑,风箱18上配置鼓风机19,在流体管29上设有阀门27和流量计28,流体管29中部由水平流体直管支撑16支撑。A discharge port 10 is provided on the lower inclined wall surface of the bed body on the lower side of the water outlet pipe, and the discharge port 10 is connected to a conveyor belt 11. A hydraulic distribution plate 6 is arranged in the bed body between the material inlet 7, and a number of through holes are evenly distributed on the hydraulic distribution plate 6, so that the water flow at the upper end of the hydraulic distribution plate 6 can be evenly distributed. On the lower inclined wall surface of the bed between the material outlet 10 and the material inlet 7, three fluid pipes 29 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the bed. Fluid pipe 29 links to each other with bellows 18, and bellows 18 is supported by bellows seat 17, and air blower 19 is arranged on bellows 18, is provided with valve 27 and flowmeter 28 on fluid pipe 29, and the middle part of fluid pipe 29 is supported by horizontal fluid straight pipe support 16.

开机前将待分选的混合选物料通过入料口7给入床体内。开机后,水流经循环水泵13从进水管进入床体内,由于床体采用变径设计,水流速度随着管径增大而逐渐较小,物料颗粒在这种变径变速流场中始终处于变速运动状态,根据物料间性质的差异,低密度组分在分选过程为上升趋势,最后作为轻产物经出料口10落至输送带11上,而高密度组分将作为重产物沉降于床体下端,最终实现轻、重物料的有效分选。在上述分选过程中,气流经鼓风机19、流体管29也进入床体内,使得堆积在壁面上的物料随着气流再次松散起来,重新进入变径变速流场中,进行第二次分选,大幅度提高分选效果。Before starting the machine, feed the mixed material to be sorted into the bed through the feed port 7. After starting up, the water flows into the bed through the circulating water pump 13 from the water inlet pipe. Since the bed adopts a variable-diameter design, the water flow speed gradually decreases with the increase of the pipe diameter, and the material particles are always at variable speed in this variable-diameter variable-speed flow field. In the state of motion, according to the difference in the properties of the materials, the low-density components tend to rise during the sorting process, and finally fall on the conveyor belt 11 through the discharge port 10 as light products, while the high-density components will settle on the bed as heavy products. The lower end of the body finally realizes the effective separation of light and heavy materials. During the above sorting process, the air flow passes through the blower 19 and the fluid pipe 29 and enters the bed body, so that the materials accumulated on the wall surface are loosened again with the air flow, and re-enter the variable-diameter and variable-speed flow field for the second separation. Greatly improve the sorting effect.

本发明对废弃印刷电路板破碎后产物进行了分选研究,目标是实现金属产物和非金属产物的有效分离。电路板破碎后得到粒度为小于2mm、多为不规则形状状的金属及非金属颗粒,通过发明的分选系统可以回收其中95%以上的金属颗粒,进而实现有价组分的有效回收。The invention studies the sorting of waste printed circuit board crushed products, and aims at realizing the effective separation of metal products and non-metal products. After the circuit board is crushed, metal and non-metal particles with a particle size of less than 2mm and mostly irregular shapes can be obtained. More than 95% of the metal particles can be recovered through the invented sorting system, thereby realizing the effective recovery of valuable components.

实施例二Embodiment two

实施例二与实施例一的区别在于,流体管29中流动的流体为液体,比如水。当流体管29中流动的流体为水时,将风箱18和鼓风机19替换成水箱和水泵。The difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the fluid flowing in the fluid pipe 29 is liquid, such as water. When the fluid flowing in the fluid pipe 29 is water, the bellows 18 and the blower 19 are replaced with a water tank and a water pump.

以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种液固流态化分选系统,包括倾斜放置的床体,床体的顶部和底部分别设有出水管和进水管,在出水管下侧和进水管上侧的床体上分别设有出料口(10)和入料口(7),其特征在于:所述床体为变径床体前端(5)和变径床体后端(8)组成的变径床体,床体直径由下至上逐渐变大,在床体前端(5)和床体后端(8)的外侧分别设置加强筋板(4)和承载环(9),变径床体前端(5)由变径床体前端中间支撑(20)和变径床体前端两侧支撑(21)支撑,变径床体后端(8)由变径床体后端中间支撑(14)和变径床体后端两侧支撑(15)支撑;在进水管和入料口(7)之间的床体内设有水力分布板(6),在水力分布板(6)上均布有若干通孔,在出料口(10)和入料口(7)之间的床体下倾斜壁面上设有流体管(29),流体管(29)连接风箱(18)或水箱,所述流体管(29)中部由水平流体直管支撑(16)支撑,所述风箱(18)上配置鼓风机(19),所述水箱上配置水泵;所述出水管和进水管均连接循环水箱(12);所述出料口(10)连接输送带(11)。1. A liquid-solid fluidized separation system, comprising an obliquely placed bed body, the top and bottom of the bed body are respectively provided with outlet pipes and water inlet pipes, and on the bed body on the lower side of the water outlet pipe and the upper side of the water inlet pipe, respectively A material outlet (10) and a material inlet (7) are provided, and it is characterized in that: the bed is a variable-diameter bed composed of a variable-diameter bed front end (5) and a variable-diameter bed rear end (8), The diameter of the bed body gradually increases from bottom to top. Reinforcing ribs (4) and bearing rings (9) are respectively arranged on the outside of the front end (5) of the bed body and the rear end (8) of the bed body. It is supported by the middle support (20) at the front end of the variable-diameter bed body and the two side supports (21) at the front end of the variable-diameter bed body, and the rear end (8) of the variable-diameter bed body is supported by the middle support (14) at the rear end of the variable-diameter bed body and the variable-diameter bed body. Supports (15) on both sides of the rear end of the body; a hydraulic distribution plate (6) is provided in the bed body between the water inlet pipe and the material inlet (7), and a number of through holes are evenly distributed on the hydraulic distribution plate (6). Be provided with fluid pipe (29) on the inclined wall surface under bed body between material outlet (10) and material inlet (7), fluid pipe (29) connects bellows (18) or water tank, described fluid pipe (29) ) middle part is supported by a horizontal fluid straight pipe support (16), the air blower (19) is configured on the bellows (18), and the water pump is configured on the water tank; the water outlet pipe and the water inlet pipe are all connected to the circulating water tank (12); The discharge port (10) is connected to the conveyor belt (11). 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种液固流态化分选系统,其特征在于:所述流体管(29)的个数大于等于1个。2. A liquid-solid fluidized separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of said fluid pipes (29) is greater than or equal to one. 3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种液固流态化分选系统,其特征在于:所述流体管(29)上设有阀门(27)和流量计(28)。3. A liquid-solid fluidized separation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the fluid pipe (29) is provided with a valve (27) and a flow meter (28). 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种液固流态化分选系统,其特征在于:所述床体的倾斜角度大于0°且小于90°。4. A liquid-solid fluidized separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inclination angle of the bed body is greater than 0° and less than 90°. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种液固流态化分选系统,其特征在于:所述出料口(10)和入料口(7)分别设置床体下倾斜壁面上和床体上倾斜壁面上。5. A liquid-solid fluidized separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outlet (10) and the inlet (7) are respectively arranged on the lower inclined wall of the bed and the bed on the sloping wall. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种液固流态化分选系统,其特征在于:所述出水管和进水管分别由若干弯管(1)和直管(2)串接而成,相邻直管(2)之间或弯管(1)和直管(2)之间通过平法兰盘(3)连接,所述平法兰盘(3)包括相互契合的凸法兰盘(23)和凹法兰盘(26),凸法兰盘(23)和凹法兰盘(26)通过螺栓副(25)连接,在凸法兰盘(23)和凹法兰盘(26)的契合面设有滤布(24)。6. A liquid-solid fluidized separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outlet pipe and the water inlet pipe are formed by connecting several curved pipes (1) and straight pipes (2) in series respectively, Adjacent straight pipes (2) or between bent pipes (1) and straight pipes (2) are connected by flat flanges (3), and the flat flanges (3) include convex flanges ( 23) and concave flange (26), convex flange (23) and concave flange (26) are connected by bolt pair (25), in convex flange (23) and concave flange (26) The mating surface of the filter cloth (24) is provided.
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