CN103299074B - 用于线性压缩机的共振机构 - Google Patents

用于线性压缩机的共振机构 Download PDF

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CN103299074B
CN103299074B CN201180064822.0A CN201180064822A CN103299074B CN 103299074 B CN103299074 B CN 103299074B CN 201180064822 A CN201180064822 A CN 201180064822A CN 103299074 B CN103299074 B CN 103299074B
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resonant
tubular body
spring
resonant devices
slot configurations
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CN103299074A (zh
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C·K·塔克莫里
A·L·罗曼
P·R·C·库托
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Enbraco Compressor Industry and Refrigeration Solutions Co., Ltd.
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Whirlpool SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B3/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
    • F01B3/0002—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines with cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
    • F01B3/0017—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
    • F01B3/0023—Actuating or actuated elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B35/00—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for
    • F04B35/04—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric
    • F04B35/045—Piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by the driving means to their working members, or by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors, not otherwise provided for the means being electric using solenoids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
    • F16F15/043—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means acting on a cam follower
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
    • F16F3/02—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/021—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with elastic packing
    • F16J15/022—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with elastic packing characterised by structure or material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
    • F16J15/04—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces without packing between the surfaces, e.g. with ground surfaces, with cutting edge

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于压缩机的共振机构，该共振机构包括：管状本体（1），该管状本体包含至少两个狭缝构造（12），该至少两个狭缝构造限定中间表面（13），该中间表面的中心部分具有基本上椭圆形构造（14），孔（15）位于该基本上椭圆形构造上，通过该孔将固定共振弹簧（2）；共振弹簧（2），所述共振弹簧被容纳在所述管状本体（1）内；至少两个紧固装置（3），所述至少两个紧固装置用来将所述共振弹簧（2）紧固到所述管状本体（1）；和板片弹簧（4），该板片弹簧沿着管状本体（1）的圆形侧面（11）与间隔件交替地且连续地安装。狭缝构造（12）具有特别的构造以允许在轴向合力不等于零的情况中适合于机构操作的刚性和柔性。

Description

用于线性压缩机的共振机构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于压缩机的共振机构，更特别地涉及一种机构，该机构的安装形式通过中性点被实现，但具有管状部件，该管状部件设置有切口以在中性点和设备壳体之间具有柔性。
背景技术
压缩机的功能是将一定流体体积的压力增加到执行制冷循环所需的压力。在该技术领域中已知所谓的替代压缩机，其中活塞在气缸内往复滑动以执行气体压缩。
在线性压缩机中，活塞通过线性电动机被驱动。致动器元件联结在马达和活塞之间使得马达驱动活塞在活塞室内往复运动。活塞通常保持牢固地安置到致动器元件，使得活塞和致动器元件倾向于以联合运动的方式运动，使得不合需要地引起过度振动。
为了解决这种不方便，巴西专利申请No.ΡΙ0601645-6描述一种压缩机，其中致动器元件通过弹性元件联结到活塞，该弹性元件呈一个或两个共振螺旋弹簧（在这个申请的图中由附图标记70表示）的形式。因此，活塞和紧固元件安装在弹性元件的端部上，并且马达磁体及其紧固装置安装在另一端部上，使得在压缩机振动的自然模式中，两个端部之间的相位运动的相位差是180°，在这种弹性元件中存在轴向振动趋向于零的区域。因此弹性元件中的这个区域称为中性点。
根据专利申请PI0601645-6的教导，必须通过这个中性点执行气缸到共振弹簧的联结，使得压缩机振动的自然模式不改变。
为了执行这种安装，文献PI0601645-6的压缩机还具有将弹性介质联结到气缸的位置元件。位置元件（在这个申请的图中由附图标记80表示）提供与共振弹簧的刚性连接，并且在所述构造的一个中，元件80与固定到壳体的位置杆扁平弹簧关联（参看本申请的图中的弹簧编号84）。
虽然上述构造代表胜过该技术领域中已知的线性压缩机的技术进步，但这里提供的构造提供以下缺点：当作用在该装置上的力是不平衡的力时不能提供足以维持该机构正确布置的轴向刚性。这种不平衡的力可以引起共振装置上的轴向合力不等于零，这可以引起马达位移，不利地影响压缩机的效率，甚至有可能发生压缩机和壳体之间的碰撞，引起数个障碍。
在可以引起这种不平衡的情况中，存在当压缩机关闭时的马达强度，在冷却剂加载过程期间的气体强度，和在压缩机的操作期间可能发生的不平衡力的存在，特别是相对于气体压缩和膨胀力和马达力的那些。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目标是公开一种用于压缩机的共振机构，该共振机构能够提供弹簧紧固点和压缩机壳体之间的一定轴向柔性，使得它提供在不平衡力的情况下足以保持压缩机共振装置轴向地布置在压缩机壳体附近最小刚性，但它具有足以不改变压缩机振动的自然模式的最大刚性。
本发明通过用于压缩机的共振机构达到上述目标，该共振机构包括管状本体和被容纳在管状本体内的共振弹簧，该管状本体包括至少一个狭缝构造，该狭缝构造限定轴向柔性表面，在该轴向柔性表面处设置用于共振弹簧的紧固点。
在本发明的优选实施例中，提供用于共振弹簧的彼此相对的至少两个紧固点，该机构包括两个狭缝构造，其中每一个狭缝构造限定轴向柔性表面，其中设置用于共振弹簧的两个紧固点的每一个。
在本发明的优选实施例中，该机构包括用来将共振弹簧紧固到管状本体的至少一个紧固装置，并且该紧固装置包括布置在共振弹簧的紧固孔中的内部凸形紧固元件，和穿过管状本体表面的紧固孔的外部凹形紧固元件。
因此，该狭缝可以包括：相邻的狭缝，该相邻的狭缝在紧固孔周围彼此分离使得它形成一表面；或形成该表面和弹簧部分以赋予该表面弹性的镜像狭槽。
优选地，该表面具有基本上椭圆形构造，并且该机构还包括布置在管状本体的每一个端部的板片弹簧。
附图说明
附图示出：
图1示出线性压缩机的共振装置的示意性横向剖视图。
图2示出图1中示出的共振装置的分解透视图。
图3示出根据本发明的优选实施例的共振机构的部分分解透视图。
图4示出根据本发明的优选实施例的共振机构的部分分解透视图。
图5示出根据本发明的优选实施例的共振机构部件的一个的安装的示意性透视图。
图5a示出根据本发明的优选实施例的共振机构部件的一个的安装的详细剖视图。
图6示出根据本发明的替代实施例的共振机构部件的一个的安装的示意性透视图。
图6a示出根据本发明的替代实施例的共振机构部件的一个的安装的详细剖视图。
图7示出根据本发明的优选实施例的共振机构部件的一个的平面图。
图8a示出根据本发明的替代实施例的共振机构部件的一个的平面图。
图8b示出图8a中示出的部件的透视图。
具体实施方式
下面将基于附图中示出的实施例更详细地描述本发明。
图1和2示出线性压缩机的共振装置，本发明的共振机构应用于该共振装置。
如在那些图中可以看到的，线性压缩机的共振装置基本上包括往复活塞P，该往复活塞在气缸或压缩室（未示出）内。活塞P通过活塞紧固元件FP安装在弹性元件（螺旋弹簧）E的一个端部上，并且致动器元件通过紧固元件FM安装在弹性元件E的另一端部上。致动器元件可以包括马达部件，例如，与非磁性部件NM关联的马达磁体I（诸如图2中示出的）。
一组片弹簧MP可以布置在弹性装置的每一个端部以便将共振装置紧固到非线性压缩机壳体（未示出）。
图3、4、5和7示出根据本发明的共振机构的优选实施例。
在优选实施例中，用于压缩机的共振机构包括共振装置（诸如图1和2中示出的共振装置），该共振装置设置有呈管状本体1的形式的定位器元件，该管状本体能够为共振装置提供最小刚性，该最小刚性足以在非零轴向合力的情况下保持共振装置关于压缩机壳体轴向布置，但该管状本体提供足以不改变压缩机振动的自然模式的最大刚性。
因此，管状本体1在其内部中容纳共振弹簧2，压缩机活塞安装在共振弹簧2的一个端部上并且活塞致动器元件安装在弹性元件的另一端部上。
在本发明的优选实施例中，通过两个紧固装置3执行本体1到共振弹簧2的紧固，每一个紧固装置优选地被紧固到管状本体的相对的位置。在图5和5a中示意性地示出这种优选紧固，那些图中的管状本体1被示意性地示出为没有细节的本体，以便方便理解该紧固。
因此，如在图5和5a中可以看到的，在本发明的优选实施例中，每一个紧固装置3包括：内部凸形紧固元件31，该内部凸形紧固元件布置在共振弹簧2的紧固孔21中；和外部凹形紧固元件35，该外部凹形紧固元件穿过本体1的紧固孔11。如在图中可以看到的，紧固装置还可以包括垫圈34和弹性体环33。
图6和6a示出本发明的替代实施例的紧固装置，其中，除了图5和5a的元件外，还设置第二垫圈32。
为了保证轴向合力（不管它们是否为空）的适当吸收而不总体上损害该机构的功能，管状本体1优选地包括两个狭缝构造12，每一狭缝构造包括限定轴向柔性表面13的至少两个狭缝，在轴向柔性表面处设置用来紧固共振弹簧的孔11。因此，由狭缝12形成的材料的缺少赋予该部分13一定轴向柔性，而管状本体1的剩余部分维持不改变压缩机振动的自然模式所需的轴向方向的刚性。
优选地，表面13具有基本上椭圆形构造的中心部分。
图3、4、5和7示出根据本发明的共振机构的优选实施例，其中每一狭缝构造12的狭缝包括相邻狭缝，该相邻狭缝在孔11周围彼此分离，使得其形成表面13。
在这个实施例中，狭缝12的每一个的端部具有方向改变12a，该方向改变防止应力集中区域形成在那些端部。
而在图8a和8b中示出的替代实施例中，狭缝12包括镜像狭缝，该镜像狭缝形成椭圆表面13和弹簧部分14，该弹簧部分提供部分13的横向弹性。
由表面13提供的所述横向柔性允许本发明的共振机构补偿不平衡力，该不平衡力将产生作用在该装置上的非零轴向合力。
在图中示出的本发明的优选实施例中，还设置板片弹簧4，该板片弹簧沿着管状本体1的圆形侧面15与间隔件（未示出）交替地且连续地安装。那些板片弹簧的一个功能是将共振装置固定到压缩机壳体（未示出）。板片弹簧的另一功能是保证压缩机操作期间的同心度误差被最小化。这些同心度误差当过度时引起马达的失效和/或灾难性活塞磨损，该灾难性活塞磨损导致压缩机的失效。
值得说的是，虽然已经示出本发明的优选构造方式，但应当理解，本领域技术人员可以实现任何省略、替代和构造改变，而不偏离要求保护的精神和范围。也明确地规定，以基本上相同的方式执行相同的功能以实现相同的结果的元件的所有组合在本发明的范围内。也完全可以预期和设想用其它元件取代所述实施例的元件。
因此，应当理解，基于上述附图提供的描述仅涉及对于本发明的机构来说可能的实施例的一些，本发明的目标的真实范围在所附权利要求中被限定。

Claims (8)

1.用于线性压缩机的共振机构，其特征在于，该共振机构包括：
管状本体(1)；
共振弹簧(2)，所述共振弹簧被容纳在所述管状本体(1)内；并且
所述管状本体(1)包括至少一个狭缝构造(12)，所述至少一个狭缝构造限定一表面(13)，在所述表面处设置用于所述共振弹簧(2)的紧固点，所述表面在轴向方向上具有柔性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的共振机构，其特征在于，所述共振机构包括用于所述共振弹簧(2)的彼此相对的至少两个紧固点，所述共振机构包括两个狭缝构造(12)，其中每一个狭缝构造(2)限定的所述表面(13)在横向方向上也具有柔性。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的共振机构，其特征在于，所述共振机构包括用来将所述共振弹簧(2)紧固到所述管状本体(1)的至少一个紧固装置(3)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的共振机构，其特征在于，所述紧固装置(3)包括：内部凸形紧固元件(31)，所述内部凸形紧固元件布置在所述共振弹簧(2)的紧固孔(21)中；和外部凹形紧固元件(35)，所述外部凹形紧固元件穿过所述管状本体(1)的表面(13)的紧固孔(11)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的共振机构，其特征在于，所述狭缝构造(12)包括相邻的狭缝，所述相邻的狭缝在所述管状本体(1)的表面(13)的所述紧固孔(11)周围彼此分离以形成所述表面(13)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的共振机构，其特征在于，所述狭缝构造(12)包括镜像狭缝，所述镜像狭缝形成所述表面(13)和弹簧部分(14)。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的共振机构，其特征在于，所述表面(13)具有基本上椭圆形的构造。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的共振机构，其特征在于，所述共振机构还包括至少一个板片弹簧(4)，所述至少一个板片弹簧布置在所述管状本体(1)的每一个端部处。
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