CN103297504A - Method for quickly deploying operating systems in physical bare computers in cloud data center - Google Patents
Method for quickly deploying operating systems in physical bare computers in cloud data center Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly deploying operating systems in physical bare computers in a cloud data center. The method includes (1), starting a server A, and installing dnsmasq service and 'bare computer deployment Daemon' service on the server A; (2), powering on a bare computer B and booting the bare computer B in a PXE (pre-boot execution environment) mode, and enabling the server A to distribute an IP (internet protocol) address to the bare computer B; (3), enabling the server A to transmit a Ramdisk to the bare computer B; (4), enabling the bare computer B to run the Ramdisk; (5), enabling an iSCSI (internet small computer system interface) target from the bare computer B to be mounted on the 'bare computer deployment Daemon' service of the server A and dividing the iSCSI target into an operating system main partition and an operating system swap partition; (6), enabling the 'bare computer deployment Daemon' service on the server A to copy a preliminarily defined operating system image file on the operating system main partition which is formed in the step (5), and modifying a grub boot file in the operating system main partition; (7), enabling the Ramdisk on the bare computer B to execute a restart command after the Ramdisk on the bare computer B completely receives notification of operation completion from the server A, and booting the bare computer B via a hard disk. The method has the advantage that the installation efficiency can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to data center resource management field, particularly the method for the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in a kind of cloud data center.
Background technology
Because Internet development, large-scale data center appear at more and more in enterprise, colleges and universities, the government unit and reach in other all kinds of mechanisms.These large-scale data centers exist for the running environment that the demand of these mechanisms at aspects such as high-performance calculation, online office, big data storages provides the foundation, be the indispensable resources of these institutional unitses.But because big data center scale is bigger, mechanism has run into problems in structure and the management of big data center, and wherein important and distinct issues are exactly to add the physical machine node in batches toward the large-scale data center.In recent years, more owing to the cloud computing develop rapidly, the large-scale data center that cloud computing is depended on for existence, the rapid batch that needs more to realize computing node adds, to guarantee the easy autgmentability of cloud computing platform.
Yet adding physical node in the large-scale data center but is the thing of a trouble, needs through following trivial step:
1) is the bare machine installing operating system;
2) be the required application software of operating system installation;
3) join in the data center.
If just add several physical machine, more than the operation and may not be certain loaded down with trivial details.But, if we are need add thousands of physical machine the time, just needing a tableland installing operating system, application software is installed in a tableland, and this is certain to is a thing that is difficult to finish.
The scheme that some bare machines are disposed has appearred in industry, and such as the xCat of IBM, it can be thousands of bare machines installing operating systems simultaneously, and can realize automatic unattended duty formula installation in bulk by means of instruments such as PXE and kickstart.But problem is, xCat is installing operating system merely, and the installation process of operating system is more slowly, and installs after the operating system, and the installation of application software still needs a tableland to carry out.For the problem that we face, this solution only solved half problem and performance bad.
Generally speaking, the operating system of installing on the most of physical machine in the data center is identical with application software.This is representing, and we can customize operating system and application software, and then will customize good operating system being installed among the bare machine in batches, and like this, our problem has just solved.And the customization of operating system and application software, then can be by means of image file.We can install in advance with one, and comprise the operating system that all must application software and be customized to an image file.Then by network, this operating system mirror image directly is injected among the hard disk of bare machine, this will solve the problem that we face at one stroke.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the method for the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in a kind of cloud data center, be called for short " bare machine deployments ", the operating system mirror image that this method can be got well a customization in advance is injected into by network among the hard disk of bare machine.
The method of the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in a kind of cloud data center may further comprise the steps:
(1) open a server A, in server A dnsmasq service and " bare machine is disposed Daemon " service are installed, described dnsmasq service is a PXE service suite, is responsible for the operation bare machine and disposes required service;
(2) bare machine B powers up start and starts in the PXE mode, and server A is bare machine B distributing IP address;
(3) server A transmits a Ramdisk to bare machine B;
(4) the described Ramdisk of bare machine B operating procedure (3), carry out the searching of hard disc apparatus among the bare machine B, after finding hard disc apparatus it is exported as iSCSI target, after finishing, derivation triggers " bare machine the is disposed Daemon " service on the server A, and to server A transmission iSCSI target relevant parameter, the operating result of waiting for server A;
(5) " bare machine the is disposed Daemon " service on the server A will be mapped as a block device from the iSCSI target of bare machine B, and this block device is carried out subregion, and block device is divided into operating system main partition and operating system swap subregion;
(6) " bare machine the is disposed Daemon " service on the server A copies to an operating system image file that pre-defines in the operating system main partition of step (5) division, and revise grub startup file in the described operating system main partition, nullifying iSCSI lands, and the Ramdisk on the notice bare machine B, the operation of announcement is finished;
(7) after the Ramdisk on the bare machine B receives notification message from A, carry out reset command, bare machine B is from hard disk startup.
The present invention is customized in the operating system image file by in advance bare machine being disposed action required system and application software, pass through local area network (LAN) again, server A is injected into the operating system image file in the hard disk of bare machine B fast, remove the process of installing operating system and application software step by step from, improved efficiency of installing software greatly.
Dnsmasq service in the described step (1) comprises:
DHCP service: be responsible for bare machine B distributing IP address, make bare machine B access to LAN;
TFTP service: be responsible for to bare machine B transmission PXE configuration file and Ramdisk;
" bare machine dispose Daemon " service in the described step (1) is a Java Servlet service, is responsible for mapping iSCSI target, the subregion of bare machine in disposing, copies mirror image and revise the grub startup file.
Server A is carried out/etc/dnsmasq.conf file modification and file modification after the dnsmasq service is installed in the described step (1), restarts the dnsmasq service then.
The following parameter of/etc/dnsmasq.conf file modification concrete modification:
The IP address range of dhcp-range:dhcp;
Enable-tftp: whether open the TFTP service;
The root of tftp-root:TFTP.
Revising the $tftp-root/pxelinux.cfg/default file is following content:
default deploy
label deploy
kernel bootloader/vmlinuz
append initrd=bootloader/deploy-ramdisk.gz selinux=0disk_name=sda iscsi_name=test-iscsi-iqn
This document is exactly PXE configuration file of the present invention, has defined PXE and has started required kernel, ramdisk and some necessary parameter.Wherein kernel has specified the kernel of a blank, and this kernel can not work.Defined some parameters among the append, wherein initrd has just specified the path of Ramdisk, and the disk_name parameter has been specified the hard disc apparatus symbol on the bare machine, and iscsi_name has specified bare machine to be about to the iSCSI target title that derives.
Finish/etc/dnsmasq.conf file modification and $tftp-root/pxelinux.cfg/default file modification after, restart the dnsmasq service.
Described step (2) is specially:
Bare machine B starts in the PXE mode after loading the network interface card of supporting the PXE Starting mode, and bare machine B after this request is obtained in the DHCP service on the server A, distributes to IP address of bare machine B to the DHCP of LAN broadcast request.
Described step (3) is specially:
At first, server A sends a PXE configuration file to bare machine B, has defined bare machine in this configuration file and has disposed required kernel and Ramdisk, and wherein kernel is a blank kernel, does not have in all senses, can't carry out;
Then, bare machine B is to the described kernel of server A request and Ramdisk, and server A is sent to bare machine B with described kernel and Ramdisk after receiving request.
Described PXE configuration file is above-mentioned De $tftp-root/pxelinux.cfg/default file.
Described Ramdisk comprises a linux command tools case busybox and self-defining initialization script, tool box busybox can make this Ramdisk become a simple and easy linux order line running environment that runs on internal memory, and self-defining initialization script needs to finish following steps:
A. obtain the IP address of server A and bare machine B;
B. obtain parameter d isk_name and iscsi_name in the PXE configuration file;
C. find hard disc apparatus on the bare machine B according to parameter d isk_name, and obtain its uuid;
D. according to the uuid of gained among the c hard disc apparatus is exported as the iSCSI target of iscsi_name by name;
E. trigger " bare machine is disposed the Daemon service " that operate on the server A, and send parameter " the IP address of bare machine B ", " iscsi_name ", " uuid " to server A;
F. wait for from the affirmation message of " bare machine the is disposed Daemon " service on the server A, carry out reset command then.
After above-mentioned Ramdisk makes, called after deploy-ramdisk.gz is among the Jiang Qifangru $tftp-root/bootloader/ catalogue, like this, corresponding initrd parameter just can come into force in the PXE configuration file, and the PXE server just can find corresponding Ramdisk.
Described step (4) is specially:
Behind the Ramdisk that the server A that receives bare machine B transmits, self-defining initialization script among the Ramdisk according to the parameter d isk_name in the PXE configuration file carry out among the bare machine B hard disc apparatus search and obtain its uuid, hard disc apparatus is exported as the iSCSI target of iscsi_name by name according to the uuid that obtains, after finishing, derivation triggers " bare machine the is disposed Daemon " service on the server A, and to server A transmission iSCSI target relevant parameter, the operating result of waiting for server A.
Described step (7) is specially:
Ramdisk on the bare machine B carries out reset command after receiving the notice of finishing from " bare machine is disposed Daemon " service operations of server A, and bare machine B enters mounted operating system from hard disk startup, and the bare machine deployment finishes.
Compared with prior art, useful technique effect of the present invention is:
(1) speed is fast: the present invention is customized to operating system and required application software in the operating system image file in advance, when disposing, bare machine only the operating system image file need be injected among the hard disk of bare machine, remove the process of installing operating system and application software step by step from, improved efficiency of installing software greatly;
(2) scale is big: the present invention has used pretrigger instrument PXE, can guarantee many bare machines of parallel batch installation by PXE, realizes large-scale parallel installation bare machine;
(3) use simply: the present invention has used the C/S framework, and wherein server A is Server, and bare machine B is Client, only need the service in server A deploy necessity, and bare machine B only need plug netting twine, access to LAN gets final product, do not need other loaded down with trivial details operation, use very simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in a kind of cloud of the present invention data center.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 further explains the present invention below in conjunction with figure with specific embodiment for the method flow diagram of the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in the cloud of the present invention data center.
(1) opens a server A, in server A the dnsmasq service is installed.
Be specially:
The dnsmasq service comprises:
DHCP service: be responsible for bare machine B distributing IP address, make bare machine B access to LAN;
TFTP service: be responsible for to bare machine B transmission PXE configuration file and Ramdisk;
Server A is also opened one " bare machine dispose Daemon " service, and it is a Java Servlet service, is responsible for mapping iSCSI target, the subregion of bare machine in disposing, copies mirror image and revise the grub startup file.
Server A is carried out/etc/dnsmasq.conf file modification and file modification after the dnsmasq service is installed, and restarts the dnsmasq service then.
The following parameter of/etc/dnsmasq.conf file modification concrete modification:
The IP address range of dhcp-range:dhcp;
Enable-tftp: whether open the TFTP service;
The root of tftp-root:TFTP.
Revising the $tftp-root/pxelinux.cfg/default file is following content:
default deploy
label deploy
kernel bootloader/vmlinuz
append initrd=bootloader/deploy-ramdisk.gz selinux=0disk_name=sda iscsi_name=test-iscsi-iqn
This document is exactly PXE configuration file of the present invention, has defined PXE and has started required kernel, ramdisk and some necessary parameter.Wherein kernel has specified the kernel of a blank, and this kernel can not work.Defined some parameters among the append, wherein initrd has just specified the path of Ramdisk, and the disk_name parameter has been specified the hard disc apparatus symbol on the bare machine, and iscsi_name has specified bare machine to be about to the iSCSI target title that derives.
Finish/etc/dnsmasq.conf file modification and $tftp-root/pxelinux.cfg/default file modification after, restart the dnsmasq service.
(2) bare machine B powers up start and starts in the PXE mode, and server A is bare machine B distributing IP address.
Be specially:
Bare machine B starts in the PXE mode after loading the network interface card of supporting the PXE Starting mode, and bare machine B after this request is obtained in the DHCP service on the server A, distributes to IP address of bare machine B to the DHCP of LAN broadcast request.
(3) server A transmits a Ramdisk to bare machine B.
Be specially:
At first, server A sends a PXE configuration file (De $tftp-root/pxelinux.cfg/default file was revised in the front) to bare machine B, define bare machine in this configuration file and disposed required kernel and Ramdisk, wherein kernel is a blank kernel, do not have in all senses, can't carry out;
Then, bare machine B is to server A request kernel and Ramdisk, and server A is sent to bare machine B with kernel and Ramdisk after receiving request.
This Ramdisk comprises a linux command tools case busybox and self-defining initialization script, tool box busybox can make this Ramdisk become a simple and easy linux order line running environment that runs on internal memory, and self-defining initialization script needs to finish following steps:
A. obtain the IP address of server A and bare machine B;
B. obtain parameter d isk_name and iscsi_name in the PXE configuration file;
C. find hard disc apparatus on the bare machine B according to parameter d isk_name, and obtain its uuid;
D. according to the uuid of gained among the c hard disc apparatus is exported as the iSCSItarget of iscsi_name by name;
E. trigger the bare machine that operates on the server A and dispose the Daemon service, and send parameter " the IP address of bare machine B ", " iscsi_name ", " uuid " to server A;
F. wait for from the affirmation message of " bare machine the is disposed Daemon " service on the server A, carry out reset command then.
After above-mentioned Ramdisk makes, called after deploy-ramdisk.gz is among the Jiang Qifangru $tftp-root/bootloader/ catalogue, like this, corresponding initrd parameter just can come into force in the PXE configuration file, and the PXE server just can find corresponding Ramdisk.
(4) Ramdisk of bare machine B operation reception, carry out the searching of hard disc apparatus among the bare machine B, after finding hard disc apparatus it is exported as iSCSI target, after finishing, derivation triggers " bare machine the is disposed Daemon " service on the server A, and to server A transmission iSCSI target relevant parameter, the operating result of waiting for server A.
Be specially:
Behind the Ramdisk that the server A that receives bare machine B transmits, self-defining initialization script among the Ramdisk according to the parameter d isk_name in the PXE configuration file carry out among the bare machine B hard disc apparatus search and obtain its uuid, hard disc apparatus is exported as the iSCSI target of iscsi_name by name according to the uuid that obtains, the bare machine that triggers after derivation finishes on the server A is disposed the Daemon service, and to server A transmission iSCSI target relevant parameter, the operating result of waiting for server A.
(5) " bare machine the is disposed Daemon " service on the server A will be mapped as a block device from the iSCSItarget of bare machine B, and this block device is carried out subregion, and block device is divided into operating system main partition and operating system swap subregion.
(6) server A copies to an operating system image file that pre-defines in the operating system main partition of step (5) division, and the grub startup file in the retouching operation system main partition, nullify iSCSI and land, and the Ramdisk on the notice bare machine B, the operation of announcement is finished.
(7) after the Ramdisk on the bare machine B receives notification message from A, carry out reset command, bare machine B is from hard disk startup.
Be specially:
Ramdisk on the bare machine B carries out reset command after receiving the notice of finishing from the bare machine deployment Daemon service operations of server A, and bare machine B enters mounted operating system from hard disk startup, and the bare machine deployment finishes.
Claims (9)
1. the method for the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in the cloud data center is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) open a server A, in server A dnsmasq service and " bare machine is disposed Daemon " service are installed, described dnsmasq service is a PXE service suite, is responsible for the operation bare machine and disposes required service;
(2) bare machine B powers up start and starts in the PXE mode, and server A is bare machine B distributing IP address;
(3) server A transmits a Ramdisk to bare machine B;
(4) the described Ramdisk of bare machine B operating procedure (3), carry out the searching of hard disc apparatus among the bare machine B, after finding hard disc apparatus it is exported as iSCSI target, after finishing, derivation triggers " bare machine the is disposed Daemon " service on the server A, and to server A transmission iSCSI target relevant parameter, the operating result of waiting for server A;
(5) server A will be mapped as a block device from the iSCSI target of bare machine B, and this block device is carried out subregion, and block device is divided into operating system main partition and operating system swap subregion;
(6) server A copies to an operating system image file that pre-defines in the operating system main partition of step (5) division, and revise grub startup file in the described operating system main partition, nullify iSCSI and land, and the Ramdisk on the notice bare machine B, the operation of announcement is finished;
(7) after the Ramdisk on the bare machine B receives notification message from A, carry out reset command, bare machine B is from hard disk startup.
2. the method for the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in the cloud as claimed in claim 1 data center is characterized in that, the dnsmasq service in the described step (1) comprises:
DHCP service: be responsible for bare machine B distributing IP address, make bare machine B access to LAN;
TFTP service: be responsible for to bare machine B transmission PXE configuration file and Ramdisk.
3. the method for the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in the cloud as claimed in claim 1 data center, it is characterized in that, " bare machine dispose Daemon " service in the described step (1) is a JavaServlet service, is responsible for mapping iSCSI target, the subregion of bare machine in disposing, copies mirror image and revise the grub startup file.
4. the method for the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in the cloud as claimed in claim 2 data center, it is characterized in that, server A is carried out/etc/dnsmasq.conf file modification and file modification after the dnsmasq service is installed in the described step (1), restarts the dnsmasq service then.
5. the method for the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in the cloud as claimed in claim 1 data center is characterized in that described step (2) is specially:
Bare machine B starts in the PXE mode after loading the network interface card of supporting the PXE Starting mode, and bare machine B after this request is obtained in the DHCP service on the server A, distributes to IP address of bare machine B to the DHCP of LAN broadcast request.
6. the method for the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in the cloud as claimed in claim 1 data center is characterized in that described step (3) is specially:
At first, server A sends a PXE configuration file to bare machine B, has defined bare machine in this configuration file and has disposed required kernel and Ramdisk, and wherein kernel is a blank kernel, does not have in all senses, can't carry out;
Then, bare machine B is to the described kernel of server A request and Ramdisk, and server A is sent to bare machine B with described kernel and Ramdisk after receiving request.
7. the method for the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in the cloud as claimed in claim 6 data center is characterized in that described Ramdisk comprises a linux command tools case busybox and self-defining initialization script.
8. the method for the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in the cloud as claimed in claim 1 data center is characterized in that described step (4) is specially:
Behind the Ramdisk that the server A that receives bare machine B transmits, self-defining initialization script among the Ramdisk according to the Can Shuo $disk_name in the PXE configuration file carry out among the bare machine B hard disc apparatus search and obtain its uuid, hard disc apparatus is exported as the iSCSI target of $iscsi_name by name according to the uuid that obtains, after finishing, derivation triggers " bare machine the is disposed Daemon " service on the server A, and to server A transmission iSCSI target relevant parameter, the operating result of waiting for server A.
9. the method for the quick deployment operation of physics bare machine system in the cloud as claimed in claim 1 data center is characterized in that described step (7) is specially:
Ramdisk on the bare machine B carries out reset command after receiving the notice of finishing from the bare machine deployment Daemon service operations of server A, and bare machine B enters mounted operating system from hard disk startup, and the bare machine deployment finishes.
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