CN103283645B - Salinization weight-reducing bighead carp culture method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture of bulk freshwater fish, and provides a salty and slimming aquaculture method for bighead carp. In the present invention, the selected bighead carp will be recuperated and salted in the pond, so that the bighead carp can use running water to discharge toxins from the body while swimming and eliminate excess fat; The harvested bighead carp has delicious meat and the highest economic value. The bighead carp obtained from the culture is bright in color, strong in physique, has no muddy smell, less fat, less drug residue, good taste and good quality.

Description

A kind of salty and slimming cultivation method of bighead carp

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture of bulk freshwater fish, and provides a salty and slimming aquaculture of bighead carp

method.

Background technique

Bighead carp ( Aristichthysnobilis ) is also called bighead carp, silver carp, fat head fish, Baotou fish, big head fish, black carp, etc. It looks like silver carp, flat on the side, and is a kind of freshwater fish. The head is big and wide, and the length of the head is about 1/3 of the body length. The mouth is also wide and slightly upturned.

The meat of bighead carp is white and tender, and the fish brain is rich in nutrients. It contains a kind of fish oil needed by the human body. The polyunsaturated fatty acid rich in fish oil is an essential nutrient for human beings, which can maintain, improve and improve brain functions. Fish The meat under the gills is transparent jelly, which is rich in collagen, which can resist human aging and repair body tissue; bighead carp contains enough water, so it tastes good. However, in recent years, due to environmental pollution and abuse of fish medicine antibiotics, the meat quality and mouthfeel of fish have declined greatly.

Although the existing research has proposed that the bighead carp be salted cultured, the technical scheme is vague, and the use of microecological preparations is required, and the breeding effect is very unstable and poor.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a salty and slimming cultivation of bighead carp in view of the current situation that the meat quality and taste of bighead carp have been greatly reduced due to the destruction of the breeding environment and the abuse of fish medicine antibiotics in recent years

method.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a salty and slimming culture method for bighead carp, comprising the following steps:

S1. Selection of adult bighead carp;

S2. Pond recuperation;

S3. Salt culture;

Among them, the selection of adult fish described in S1 is to select bighead carp with a body weight of 2-20 kg as the adult fish, and divide them into bighead carp with different specifications according to body weight; the different specifications are five types: the one with a body weight of 2-3 kg is A size , the weight of 3-5kg is the B specification, the weight of 5-7kg is the C specification, the weight of 7-10kg is the D specification, and the weight of 10kg-20kg is the E specification;

The pond recuperation described in S2 is to disinfect the adult bighead carp described in S1, put it into the pond at a density of 6-8kg/m ³ for running water slimming and rest for 28-35 days, and put the bighead carp of the same specification in the same pond; A smooth round hole with a diameter of 7 cm is drilled at a depth of 0.5 to 0.8 meters on both sides of each pond, and then a PC pipe with an inner diameter of 3 cm is used to connect all the ponds in series through the round hole. The water is put in from the first pond, and finally A pond is discharged, and water is continuously released and drained to form flowing water; no feed and/or microecological preparations are fed during the rest period of the pond; the pond is a cement pond, and the water depth of the cement pond is 0.5 to 0.8 meters;

Salt culture as described in S3: After the pond rests, discharge the water in the cement pool and inject 2°C salt water at the same time; when the salinity of the cement pool reaches 2°C, stop water intake and drainage, and start still water salty culture. During the period of still water salty culture The salinity increases by 2 degrees every day, and remains unchanged at 8 degrees after reaching 8 degrees; no feed is fed during the salty culture period.

During the described static water salinization culture, change the water once a week, and change water 1/3rd each time.

The time for the salty culture is: the salty culture of bighead carp of A specification for 30 days, the salty culture of bighead carp of B specification for 33 days, the salty culture of bighead carp of C specification for 37 days, and the salty culture of bighead carp of D specification 41 days, 45 days for E-size bighead carp salted culture;

In said S1, S2, S3, the temperature is maintained at 8-25°C. After a large number of experiments, the present invention concludes that the temperature should be kept between 8-25°C as much as possible during the salty slimming cultivation process, which can significantly reduce the injury rate and death rate of bighead carp in the fishing and transportation process, and well guarantee the high temperature of the present invention. The excellent effect of the overall technical scheme of breeding.

In order to prevent bighead carp from jumping out of the pond, a net can be covered on the cement pond.

In terms of the selection of adult fish, the size of bighead carp used in conventional bighead carp farming is not limited, from fry to adult fish. Although the existing salty culture program proposes to classify according to the type and size of fish, but No specific classification scheme was provided, ignoring the objects of salinization culture and the best timing of bighead carp's weight in salinization culture. In S1 of the present invention, the adult fish are precisely defined, and bighead carp with a body weight of 2 to 20 kg are selected as adult fish for salinization culture, and are divided into five different specifications according to body weight; into the same pond for pond recuperation;

Preferably, the selection of the adult fish is to select bighead carp with no damage, no infection, no deformity and strong physique; and carry out the detection of prohibited drugs. The detection of prohibited drugs includes sampling inspection of prohibited drugs such as malachite green, nitrofuran, chloramphenicol, and sandacins, and strictly prevents unqualified adult fish.

Preferably, the different specifications are the following five specifications: A specification with a body weight of 2 to 3 kg, a B specification with a body weight of 3 to 5 kg, a C specification with a body weight of 5 to 7 kg, and a C specification with a body weight of 7 to 10 kg. D specification, and E specification for those with a weight of 10kg to 20kg. Dividing bighead carp into different specifications, and stocking bighead carp of the same specification in the same cement pond can not only avoid bigger bighead carp jumping and hurting smaller bighead carp, but also facilitate cooperation and control of subsequent salty carp obtained by summarizing the present invention. The best time and days for chemical farming to ensure the final good results.

The pond recuperation described in S2 is to disinfect the adult bighead carp described in S1, put them into the pond for pond recuperation for 28 to 35 days (the same size bighead carp are put into the same pond), and run water to lose weight; during the pond recuperation period, no Feed any feed and/or probiotics. Existing bighead carp farming is generally available in rivers, reservoirs, lakes, ponds and net cages. There is no research on the environmental requirements for bighead carp salinization culture. Ponds don't do anything definitive either. The pond of the present invention must adopt cement pool, and strictly limit water depth, and water depth is no more than 1 meter, and 0.5～0.8 meter is preferred, most preferably 0.5 meter water depth.

Preferably, the pond recuperation time is 30 days.

Preferably, the disinfection is to soak the bighead carp with a concentration of 0.01-0.03 g/L potassium permanganate solution or 4-5% brine for 15-20 minutes.       

The pond is stocked in a cement pond. Before the bighead carp is put into the cement pond, the water in the cement pond is drained, the silt is removed, disinfected with bleaching powder, water is injected after exposure to the sun, and then the bighead carp is put into the pond at a density of 6-8kg/ ^m3 . fish.

Preferably, the usage amount of the bleaching powder is 35kg/mu. Preferably, the exposure time is preferably 3 days.

The specifications of the cement pools are not strictly limited, as long as the stocking density is 6-8kg/m ³ ; preferably, the specifications of the different cement pools are uniformly 8m (length) × 6m (width) × (0.6-1) m For a (deep) regular pool, the water depth should not exceed 1 meter, preferably 0.5 to 0.8 meters, and most preferably 0.5 meters. There is no water leakage or seepage phenomenon, and different cement pools are connected in series to form flowing water; the formation of flowing water is to continuously add water to the cement pools in series to form flowing water, and use the flowing water to make fish discharge toxins in the body while swimming, eliminating excess water. Fat.

Preferably, the daily management of the pond maintenance is to insist on inspecting the cement pond every morning, noon and evening, check whether the facilities are in good condition, observe the changes in water quality and activities, observe whether there are diseases and the phenomenon of hypoxia floating heads, and observe the weight changes of fish, When sick fish or dead fish are found, they should be fished out in time and buried deep in time to prevent the spread of germs and damage to water quality.

Salt culture in S3: carry out salt culture for 30 to 45 days on the bighead carp resting in the pond described in S2.

The preferred plan is: A size bighead carp salted culture for 30 days, B size bighead carp salted culture for 33 days, C size bighead carp salted culture for 37 days, D size bighead carp salted culture for 41 days, E The standard bighead carp is salted and cultured for 45 days.

Preferably, the salinity adjustment of the salinization culture is to slowly drain the water in the cement pond and inject 2 degrees (2‰) of salt water at the same time after the bighead carp completes the pond rest in the cement pond; when the salinity of the cement pond reaches 2 degrees Stop water inflow and drainage, start static water salinization culture, the salinity increases by 2 degrees every day during the static water salinization culture, and keep 8 degrees after reaching 8 degrees; no feed is fed during the salt culture.

During the described static water salinization culture, change the water once a week, and change water 1/3rd each time.

In this technical field, the feed for general conventional farming can be wheat bran, bran and bighead carp compound feed; although some salty farming does not feed feed, it must be fed with active probiotics to adjust water quality and cultivate organisms. Bait, the effect is unstable. The present invention does not feed any feed during the 55-80 day breeding process, regardless of the pond maintenance step or the salty culture step, which fundamentally overcomes the technical prejudice of cultivating bighead carp in this technical field, and the cultivation results in The bighead carp obtained from the breeding of the bighead carp is bright in color, strong in physique, good in taste and good in quality.

The present invention provides the most preferred overall technical solution comprising the following steps:

S1. Choose bighead carp with no damage, no infection, no deformity, and strong physique. In principle, the weight should be greater than 2kg and less than 20kg. Sampling inspection of prohibited drugs such as stars, and strictly eliminate the unqualified adult fish;

S2. Cement pond recuperation: Soak the adult fish selected in S1 with 0.01-0.03g/L potassium permanganate solution or 4-5% salt water for 15-20 minutes, then put it into the fish with a size of 8m (length)×6m (width) ×(0.6～1)m (deep)m (deep) cement pond for one month (30 days), the cement pond filling depth is 0.5～0.8m, and the resting density of bighead carp is 6～8kg/m ³ . Multiple cement ponds are connected in series with PC pipes with an inner diameter of 3cm. The water is put in from the first pond and discharged from the last pond. By continuously releasing and draining water, it forms flowing water, and uses flowing water to make the fish swim. Remove toxins from the body and eliminate excess fat;

S3. Salt culture: After the bighead carp rests in the cement pond for a month, slowly drain the water in the cement pond, and inject the prepared 2 degrees (2‰) salt water into the pond at the same time, in order to avoid excessive stress response , Injecting brine and draining water should be carried out at the same time. After that, the salinity will increase by 2 degrees every day, and finally increase to 8 degrees and remain unchanged. A large number of long-term experiments of the present invention prove that 8‰ salt water can kill a large number of bacteria and parasites in fish meat, and the meat quality of bighead carp is the most delicious and the economic value is the highest after adopting this salinity to salinize and slim down. Still water should be kept during saline culture, and the water should be changed once a week, about one-third of which can be changed each time. Bighead carp can go on the market after 30-45 days of salting and slimming.

The present invention is further summarized through a large number of experiments. The months suitable for salty weight-loss breeding in various regions of our country are: April to September in the northeast region, March to June in the North China region, April to October in the Northwest region, and April to October in the Southwest region. It is from February to May, from February to June in East China, and from January to May in South China.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The invention provides a new method for culturing bighead carp, which can be well used to improve the quality of bighead carp. The bighead carp obtained from the cultivation has bright color, strong body, no muddy smell, less fat, less drug residue, good taste, good quality.

The time required for cultivating bighead carp in the prior art is more than one year, both static water and flowing water are acceptable, and the salinity of water is 0; some studies have also proposed saline culture, but the technical scheme is not clear, and it is difficult for ponds and bighead carp to be cultivated. Specifications, etc. lack a clear technical solution. River water is usually used, with a salinity of 12‰. The technical effect is unstable, the transportation cost is high, the survival rate is low, and the quality of bighead carp products is not good. The present invention systematically designs the conditions of the bighead carp itself and the external environment for pond recuperation and salinization culture. During the pond recuperation period, no feed and micro-ecological preparations are fed, and water is continuously added and released in series between different cement ponds. Flowing water is formed, and the bighead carp is used to discharge toxins and excess fat while swimming; the successful "slimming" bighead carp is then cultured with appropriate and reasonable salinity, and the harvested bighead carp is delicious and has the highest economic value . Moreover, the present invention avoids the transshipment of bighead carp during the transition between pond recuperation and salinization culture, saves cost, avoids the stress response in the process of transshipment of bighead carp, and greatly reduces the mortality rate.

The flowing water in the pond of the present invention makes the fish swim, discharges the toxins in the body, including some prohibited drug residues, and eliminates the drug residues. If the drug residue detection is combined, the unqualified adult fish can be strictly eliminated.

Further, the present invention selects adult bighead carps and divides them into different specifications according to different weights, which can prevent bighead carps from jumping and hurting small bighead carp and other injuries.

Preferably, the present invention provides a further detailed and optimized technical solution for the key details of pond maintenance, from pond specifications, materials (to ensure water quality), disinfection methods, stocking density and water injection depth have been carefully analyzed and a large number of Experiment, summed up the best technical scheme, guaranteed the successful realization of the object of the present invention.

The present invention has carried out accurate and comprehensive consideration to the salinity of salinization culture, first starts from 2 degrees, increases 2 degrees every day until 8 degrees and maintains, and the meat quality of the bighead carp cultured according to the scheme of the present invention is the most delicious, and solves the problem caused by the problem in recent years Environmental pollution and the abuse of fishery drugs and antibiotics have greatly reduced the quality and taste of fish.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is further described in detail.

Example 1

In order to reduce the injury rate and mortality of bighead carp during the fishing process, the temperature should be kept between 8 and 25°C as much as possible during the whole breeding process of salted and thinned carp. Due to the large difference in monthly average temperature in different regions of the country, the months suitable for salty and slimming breeding are different in different regions. The most suitable months are April to September in Northeast China, March to June in North China, April to October in Northwest China, February to May in Southwest China, February to June in East China, and January to May in South China , can obtain stable and excellent breeding results.

Adult fish should choose individuals with no damage, no infection, no deformity, and strong physique, and their body weight should be greater than 2kg in principle.

Before putting the bighead carp into the pond for recuperation, firstly, do a sampling inspection of malachite green, nitrofuran, chloramphenicol, and sandacin and other prohibited drugs, and strictly eliminate the unqualified adult fish. Then, bighead carp were divided into 5 specifications according to body weight. Those with a body weight of 2 to 3 kg are A size, those with a body weight of 3 to 5 kg are B size, those with a body weight of 5 to 7 kg are C size, and those with a body weight of 7 to 10 kg are D size. The E specification is for the weight of 10kg to 20kg. Finally, disinfect the distributed adult fish with 0.01-0.03 g/L potassium permanganate solution or 4-5% saline.

Put the sterilized adult fish in 6~8kg/m ³ in the cement pool with specifications of 8m (length)×6m (width)×(0.6~1)m (depth) for one month. The cement pool must be regular and without Leakage, no water seepage. Before the bighead carp is put in, the pool water is drained, the silt is removed, the bleaching powder is used for disinfection (35kg/mu), the cement pool is dried in the sun, and the water injection depth is 0.5 meters. In order to prevent the larger carp from jumping and hurting the smaller carp, the weight of the adult fish put into the same cement pond should be of the same size. To prevent the bighead carp from jumping out of the pond, the cement pond can be covered with a net. During the rest period, no feed was fed. Multiple cement ponds are connected in series with PC pipes with an inner diameter of 3cm. The water is put in from the first pond and discharged from the last pond. By continuously releasing and draining water, it forms flowing water, and uses flowing water to make the fish swim. Remove toxins from the body (including illicit drug residues) and eliminate excess fat. Persist in inspecting the cement pool every morning, noon and evening, observe the changes in water quality and activities, and suck out the excrement of bighead carp in the pool in time every day, so that the bottom of the pool can be observed as the standard. Observe whether there are diseases and the phenomenon of hypoxia floating head, observe the weight change of fish and whether there is pollution, diseased fish, dead fish, etc., and fish out dead or diseased fish in time.

After resting in the cement pool for one month, slowly drain the water in the cement pool and inject the prepared 2 degrees (2‰) salt water into the pool. In order to avoid excessive stress response, the injection of salt water and drainage should be carried out at the same time. At the same time, use a salinity meter to measure the salinity of each cement pool. When the salinity of the cement pool reaches 2 degrees, stop water intake and drainage, and start to salinize the still water. After that, the salinity will increase by 2 degrees every day, and finally increase to 8 degrees and remain unchanged. During the salinization period, change the water once a week, preferably about one-third of the water each time. A large number of experiments of the present invention prove that the 8‰ salt water can not only kill a large number of bacteria and parasites in the fish meat, but also the meat quality of the bighead carp is the most delicious and the economic value is the highest after the salinity is salted and thinned. Persist in observing changes in water quality and whether there are floating heads every day. The bighead carp of size A is salted for 30 days, the bighead carp of size B is salted for 33 days, the bighead carp of size C is salted for 37 days, the bighead carp of D size is salted for 41 days, and the bighead carp of E size is salted for 33 days. After 45 days of chemical breeding, it can be listed. Table 1 and Table 2 below provide the index comparison results of conventional cultured bighead carp and the present invention's salinized slimming cultured bighead carp.

Control 1: Bighead carp is cultured according to the conventional method, and adult fish are obtained from fry. The water body of the culture can be rivers, reservoirs, lakes, ponds or cages. The feed is fed according to the conventional method. The feed can be wheat bran, bran and bighead carp. Fish compound feed, cultured for more than one year, in still water or running water, with a salinity of 0.

Control 2: Put the purchased bighead carp in fish ponds (natural fish ponds, not cement ponds) for about a month, add active probiotics to the fish ponds to adjust the water quality, and then transfer them to cages in rivers or reservoirs Hang them for another month, and use the river or reservoir water to make the fish discharge toxins, eliminate the muddy smell, and consume excess fat. When the weight of the adult fish is reduced to about 75% of the original weight, it will be replaced by saltwater culture. Referring to the existing 10-level salinization method, the salinity of the water body starts from 1 degree, and increases by 1 degree per level to reach 10-12 degrees. Cultured for 20 days.

Table 1 Body size comparison between conventional cultured bighead carp and salted lean bighead carp

Plumpness = body weight g/body length cm ³ ×100

Visceral body ratio = Visceral weight g/body weight g×100

Intestinal fat ratio = intestinal fat weight g/body weight g×100

Table 2 Comparison of meat quality between conventional cultured bighead carp and salted lean bighead carp

Note: Control 1 is the conventional cultured bighead carp, and Control 2 is the existing salinized cultured bighead carp; the same letters a, b, and c mean that the difference is not significant, and different letters mean that the difference is significant.

Claims (9)

1. a salinize weight reducing cultural method for bighead, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:

S1. the selection of grown bighead carp;

S2. pond recuperation;

S3. salinize cultivation;

Wherein, the selection of grown bighead carp described in S1 is that selective body focuses on the bighead of 2 ~ 20kg as adult fish, is divided into the bighead of different size by body weight; Described different size is five kinds of specifications: body weight be 2 ~ 3kg for A specification, body weight be 3 ~ 5kg be B specification, body weight be 5 ~ 7kg be C specification, body weight be 7 ~ 10kg be D specification, body weight be 10kg ~ 20kg be E specification;

Pond recuperation described in S2 is by after grown bighead carp sterilization described in S1, by density 6 ~ 8kg/m ³put into pond and carry out flowing water weight reducing 28 ~ 35 days, in same pond, put into the bighead of same specification; All ponds are cascaded by pipeline by the both sides 0.5 ~ 0.8m depths corresponding in each pond, and water is put into by first pond, last pond discharge, by constantly discharging water, draining make it formed flowing water; Not throw something and feed between the recuperation period of pond any feed and/or probiotics; Described pond is cement pit, and the specification of described cement pit is: long for 8m, wide for 6m, be 0.6 ~ 1m deeply; The depth of water of cement pit is 0.5 ~ 0.8 meter;

Salinize cultivation described in S3: after the recuperation of pond, the water of discharging in cement pit injects the salt solution of 2 degree simultaneously; Stop water filling and draining when cement pit salinity reaches 2 degree, start hydrostatic salinize cultivation, during hydrostatic salinize cultivation, salinity increases by 2 degree every day, keep after reaching 8 degree 8 degree constant; Not throw something and feed any feed during salinize cultivation;

The time of described salinize cultivation is: the bighead salinize of A specification cultivates 30 days, and the bighead salinize of B specification cultivates 33 days, and the bighead salinize of C specification cultivates 37 days, and the bighead salinize of D specification cultivates 41 days, and the bighead salinize of E specification cultivates 45 days;

In described S1, S2, S3, temperature remains 8 ~ 25 DEG C.

2. the salinize weight reducing cultural method of bighead according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the time of described flowing water weight reducing is 28 ~ 30 days.

3. the salinize weight reducing cultural method of bighead according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described sterilization is the saline sook bighead 15 ~ 20 minutes of 0.01 ~ 0.03g/L liquor potassic permanganate or 4 ~ 5% by concentration.

4. the salinize weight reducing cultural method of bighead according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the recuperation of described pond is before bighead puts into cement pit, is first done by the Chi Shuifang of cement pit, removes mud, with bleaching powder sterilization, water filling after being exposed to the sun.

5. according to claim 4 bighead salinize weight reducing cultural method, it is characterized in that, the usage amount of described bleaching powder is 5 ~ 10kg/ mu; The described time of being exposed to the sun is 3 days.

6. according to claim 1 bighead salinize weight reducing cultural method, it is characterized in that, the depth of water of described cement pit is 0.5 ~ 0.6 meter.

7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, during described salinize cultivation, changes weekly a water, changes water 1/3rd at every turn, regulate each lake salt degree after changing water, make it consistent with original salinity.

8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the month of described salinize weight reducing cultivation is: the Northeast is 4 ~ September, North China is 3 ~ June, and the Northwest is 4 ~ October, and southwest is 2 ~ May, East China is 2 ~ June, and South China is 1 ~ May.

9. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 8, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

S1. select not damaged, without the bighead infected, nothing deformity, physique are healthy and strong, body weight is 2kg ~ 20kg, before putting into pond recuperation, carry out the sampling check of forbidden drug, get rid of the bighead that forbidden drug is residual;

S2. cement pit recuperation: the adult fish concentration that S1 is chosen be 0.01 ~ 0.03g/L liquor potassic permanganate or 4 ~ 5% saline sook put into after 15 ~ 20 minutes specification be 8m × 6m × (0.6 ~ 1) m cement pit recuperation 30 days, the cement pit water filling degree of depth is 0.5 ~ 0.8 meter, and the density of bighead is 6 ~ 8kg/m ³; Put into the bighead of same specification in a cement pit, be together in series by all cement pits, constantly adding water discharges water, the formation flowing water allowed, and bighead is recuperated 30 days at cement pit;

S3., during salinize cultivation, change weekly a water, change water 1/3rd at every turn, after changing water, regulate each lake salt degree, make it consistent with original salinity.