CN103283645B - Salinization weight-reducing bighead carp culture method - Google Patents
Salinization weight-reducing bighead carp culture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of bulk fresh water fish culture, and provides a salinization weight-reducing bighead carp culture method. Selected bighead carps are subjected to pond recuperation and salinization culture, and the bighead carps discharge vivotoxin while swimming by the aid of flowing water so as to remove redundant fat; the bighead carps with weight reduced are subjected to salinization culture with appropriate salinity, harvested bighead carps are good in meat quality, delicious and high in economic value, and cultured bighead carps are bright in body color, strong, free of muddy taste, less in fat and chemical residue, good in taste and high in quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural technique field of large fresh-water fishes, provide the salinize weight reducing cultivation of a kind of bighead
Method.
Background technology
Flathead (
aristichthysnobilis) cry again bighead, variegated carp, big head, packet header fish, bullhead, black silver carp etc., Osteichthyes, Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae.Outer likeness in form silver carp, flat-sided, be the one of fresh-water fishes, head is large and wide, and head is about into body length 1/3, and mouth is also roomy, slightly upwarps.
The snow-white delicacy of bighead meat, fish brain is nutritious, and wherein containing a kind of fish oil of needed by human body, the polyunsaturated fatty acid be rich in fish oil is the required nutrients of the mankind, can play maintenance, improve, improve the effect of cerebral function; The glue that the following meat of the fish gill is transparent, collagen is rich in the inside, can resist human senescence and repair soma tissue; Bighead contained humidity is sufficient, so mouthfeel is fine.But in the last few years due to abuses such as environmental pollution and fishing medicine antibiotic, flesh of fish matter and mouthfeel declined greatly.
Although existing research proposes carry out salinize cultivation to bighead, technical scheme is fuzzy, and also need to use probiotics, the effect of cultivation is very unstable, less effective.
Prior art cultivation bighead, the time of needs is more than 1 year, hydrostatic, flowing water all can, the salinity of water is 0; Have research to it is also proposed salinize cultivation, but technical scheme is indefinite, lacks clear and definite technical scheme to the specification etc. of cultivating pool, bighead, usual employing river course flowing water, salinity is 12 ‰, and technique effect is unstable, cost of transportation is higher, and survival rate is lower, and bighead product quality is not good.The present invention is the bighead own condition that cultivates of the recuperation of system pond and salinize and external environment condition creatively, during the mastery of pond, not throw something and feed any feed and probiotics, adopt between different cement pit series connection mode constantly to add water the formation flowing water that discharges water, utilize flowing water in travelling, to discharge vivotoxin by bighead, eliminate superabundant fats; The bighead of success " weight reducing " more adopts suitably reasonably salinity salinize cultivation again, and the bighead delicious meat of results, economic worth is the highest.And the present invention avoids the transhipment of bighead when pond recuperation cultivates transition with salinize, provide cost savings, avoid the stress reaction in bighead transport process, greatly reduce lethality.
Flowing water through pond of the present invention mastery makes fish swimming, discharges vivotoxin, and the forbidden drug comprising part remains, and eliminates medicament residue, arranges the residual detection of medicine, can strictly stop to detect underproof adult fish if combined.
Further, the adult fish of the present invention to bighead selects, and is divided into different specifications according to Different Weight, can prevent the injury problems such as hurting little bighead of beating of large bighead from occurring.
Preferably, the present invention provides the technical scheme of further refinement and optimization to the Key detail accomplished in pond, all have passed through from the specification in pond, material (guarantee water quality), sterilization method, breeding density and the water filling degree of depth and analyze meticulously and a large amount of experiments, sum up best technical scheme, ensure that the successful realization of the object of the invention.
The present invention carries out accurately salinity that salinize cultivates and considers, first from 2 degree, increase by 2 degree every day until keep after 8 degree, the most delicious according to the bighead meat of the present invention program's cultivation, solve in the last few years due to abuses such as environmental pollution and fishing medicine antibiotic, the problem that flesh of fish matter and mouthfeel decline greatly.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the present situation that the meat of the bighead caused for destruction and the antibiotic abuse of fishing medicine of breeding environment in recent years and mouthfeel decline greatly, provides the salinize weight reducing cultivation of a kind of bighead
Method.
Object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The salinize weight reducing cultural method of a kind of bighead is provided, comprises the following steps:
S1. the selection of grown bighead carp;
S2. pond recuperation;
S3. salinize cultivation;
Wherein, it is that selective body focuses on the bighead of 2 ~ 20kg as adult fish that adult fish described in S1 is selected, and is divided into the bighead of different size by body weight; Described different size is five kinds of specifications: body weight be 2 ~ 3kg for A specification, body weight be 3 ~ 5kg be B specification, body weight be 5 ~ 7kg be C specification, body weight be 7 ~ 10kg be D specification, body weight be 10kg ~ 20kg be E specification;
Pond recuperation described in S2 is by after grown bighead carp sterilization described in S1, by density 6 ~ 8kg/m
3put into pond and carry out flowing water weight reducing recuperation 28 ~ 35 days, in same pond, put into the bighead of same specification; Depths, 0.5 ~ 0.8 meter, the both sides corresponding in each pond is drilled with the smooth circular hole that diameter is 7cm, then all ponds are cascaded by circular hole with the PC pipe that internal diameter is 3cm, water is put into by first pond, last pond discharge, by constantly discharging water, draining make it formed flowing water; Not throw something and feed any feed and/or probiotics during the recuperation of pond; Described pond is cement pit, and the depth of water of cement pit is 0.5 ~ 0.8 meter;
Salinize cultivation described in S3: after the recuperation of pond, the water of discharging in cement pit injects the salt solution of 2 degree simultaneously; Stop water inlet and draining when cement pit salinity reaches 2 degree, start hydrostatic salinize cultivation, during hydrostatic salinize cultivation, salinity increases by 2 degree every day, keep after reaching 8 degree 8 degree constant; Not throw something and feed any feed during salinize cultivation.
During described hydrostatic salinize cultivation, change weekly a water, change water 1/3rd at every turn.
The time of described salinize cultivation is: the bighead salinize of A specification cultivates 30 days, and the bighead salinize of B specification cultivates 33 days, and the bighead salinize of C specification cultivates 37 days, and the bighead salinize of D specification cultivates 41 days, and the bighead salinize of E specification cultivates 45 days;
In described S1, S2, S3, temperature remains 8 ~ 25 DEG C.The present invention is through a large amount of experimental summaries, in salinize weight reducing breeding process, temperature should remain between 8 ~ 25 DEG C as far as possible, significantly can reduce and fish for and the injury rate of bighead in transportation and lethality, ensure that the present invention cultivates the excellent results of overall technical architecture well.
For preventing bighead from jumping out outside pond, net can be stamped on cement pit.
In the selection of adult fish, the bighead size that the bighead cultivation of existing routine adopts is not limit, all can from fry to adult fish, and although existing salinize cultivation scheme proposes to classify according to the kind of fish and specification, but concrete classification schemes is not provided, have ignored the bighead salinize cultivation body weight opportunity of salinize cultivation object and the best.The present invention, in S1, has carried out accurate restriction to described adult fish, the adult fish that the bighead that selective body focuses on 2 ~ 20kg cultivates as salinize, and is divided into five different sizes by body weight; The adult fish of same specification is put into same pond and carries out pond mastery;
Preferably, the selection of described adult fish selects not damaged, without the bighead infected, nothing deformity, physique are healthy and strong; And carry out the detection of forbidden drug.The detection of described forbidden drug comprises the sampling check to forbidden drugs such as malachite green, nitrofuran, chloramphenicol, xacin-series, strictly stops to detect underproof adult fish.
Preferably, described different size is following five kinds of specifications: body weight be 2 ~ 3kg for A specification, body weight be 3 ~ 5kg be B specification, body weight be 5 ~ 7kg be C specification, body weight be 7 ~ 10kg be D specification, body weight be 10kg ~ 20kg be E specification.Bighead is divided into different specifications, and in same cement pit, put the bighead of same specification in a suitable place to breed, larger bighead not only can be avoided to beat and to hurt less bighead, and be convenient to coordinate and control the Best Times number of days that the present invention sums up the follow-up salinize cultivation obtained, to ensure to obtain final excellent results.
Pond recuperation described in S2 is by after grown bighead carp sterilization described in S1, and put into pond and carry out pond mastery 28 ~ 35 days (bighead of same specification puts into same pond), flowing water is reduced weight; Between the recuperation period of pond, do not throw something and feed any feed and/or probiotics.The cultivation of existing bighead be generally rivers, reservoir, lake, pond and net cage all can, do not study the environmental requirement of bighead salinize cultivation, according to existing bibliographical information, any clear stipulaties is not done in the existing pond of salinize cultivation to cultivation bighead yet.Pond of the present invention must adopt cement pit, and the considered critical depth of water, the depth of water is no more than 1 meter, and 0.5 ~ 0.8 meter is preferably, most preferably 0.5 meter of depth of water.
Preferably, the pond mastery time is 30 days.
Preferably, described sterilization is the saline sook bighead 15 ~ 20 minutes of 0.01 ~ 0.03g/L liquor potassic permanganate or 4 ~ 5% by concentration.
It is adopt cement pit that described pond is put in a suitable place to breed, before bighead puts into cement pit, is first done by the Chi Shuifang of cement pit, removes mud, and with bleaching powder sterilization, water filling after being exposed to the sun, then by density 6 ~ 8kg/m
3put into bighead.
Preferably, the usage amount of described bleaching powder is 35kg/ mu.Preferably, the time of being exposed to the sun described in is preferably 3 days.
The specification of cement pit does not do considered critical, ensures to throw in density 6 ~ 8kg/m
3; Preferably, the uniform specification of described different cement pit is that 8m(is long) × 6m(is wide) × (0.6 ~ 1) m(is dark) regular pond, the depth of water is no more than 1 meter, and 0.5 ~ 0.8 meter be preferred, most preferably 0.5 meter of depth of water.Nothing is leaked, without infiltration phenomenon, different cement pits is connected mutually, forms flowing water; Described formation flowing water constantly adds water to the cement pit of series connection to discharge water, and the formation flowing water allowed utilizes flowing water to make fish discharge vivotoxin in travelling, eliminates superabundant fats.
Preferably, morning, noon and afternoon every day inspection cement pit is adhered in the daily management of described pond mastery, check that whether facility is intact, observe change of water quality and active situation, observe and whether have disease to occur and anoxic floating head phenomenon, observe the body weight change of fish, find that disease fish or dead fish will be pulled out in time, and buried in time, prevent from spreading disease germs and destroying water quality.
Salinize cultivation described in S3: the bighead after pond recuperation described in S2 is carried out salinize cultivation 30 ~ 45 days.
Preferred scheme is: the bighead salinize of A specification cultivates 30 days, and the bighead salinize of B specification cultivates 33 days, and the bighead salinize of C specification cultivates 37 days, and the bighead salinize of D specification cultivates 41 days, and the bighead salinize of E specification cultivates 45 days.
Preferably, the salinity of described salinize cultivation regulate be bighead after cement pit completes pond recuperation, the water slowly drained in cement pit injects the salt solution of 2 degree (2 ‰) simultaneously; Stop water inlet and draining when cement pit salinity reaches 2 degree, start hydrostatic salinize cultivation, during hydrostatic salinize cultivation, salinity increases by 2 degree every day, keep after reaching 8 degree 8 degree constant; Not throw something and feed any feed during salinize cultivation.
During described hydrostatic salinize cultivation, change weekly a water, change water 1/3rd at every turn.
In the art, the feed that general conventional cultivation is thrown something and fed can be wheat bran, skin chaff and bighead manufactured feed; The feed although some salinize cultivation are not are not thrown something and fed yet, must throw active microbiological preparations with regulating water quality and cultivation biological feed, effect is unstable.No matter the present invention is pond mastery step or salinize cultivation step, reaching in the feeding process of 55 ~ 80 days, not throw something and feed any feed, fundamentally overcome the technology prejudice of the art cultivation bighead, and the bighead body colour that the cultivation that cultivation obtains obtains is bright and new, physique is strong, and mouthfeel is good, quality is good.
The invention provides most preferred overall technical architecture to comprise the following steps:
S1. not damaged is selected, without the bighead infected, nothing deformity, physique are healthy and strong, body weight is greater than 2kg in principle, be less than 20kg, before putting into pond recuperation, carry out the sampling check of the forbidden drugs such as malachite green, nitrofuran, chloramphenicol, xacin-series, strictly stop to detect underproof adult fish;
S2. cement pit recuperation: the adult fish chosen by S1 puts into specification with 0.01 ~ 0.03g/L liquor potassic permanganate or 4 ~ 5% saline sooks after 15 ~ 20 minutes be that 8m(is long) × 6m(is wide) × (0.6 ~ 1) m(is dark) cement pit to recuperate one month (30 days), the cement pit water filling degree of depth is 0.5 ~ 0.8 meter, and the recuperation density of bighead is 6 ~ 8kg/m
3.By multiple cement pit with internal diameter be 3cm PC pipe before and after connect and be cascaded, water is put into by first pond, last pond discharge, by constantly discharging water, draining make it formed flowing water, utilize flowing water to make fish discharge vivotoxin in travelling, eliminate superabundant fats;
S3. salinize cultivation: bighead is after cement pit is recuperated month, water in cement pit is slowly drained, the salt solution of 2 degree (2 ‰) preparing is injected pond simultaneously, for avoiding strong stress reaction, injection salt solution and draining should be carried out simultaneously, later salinity increases by 2 degree every day, is finally increased to 8 degree and remains unchanged.The experiment a large amount of for a long time through the present invention proves, 8 ‰ salt solution can kill a large amount of bacterium in the flesh of fish and parasite, and the bighead meat after adopting this salinity salinize to reduce weight is the most delicious, and economic worth is the highest.Should hydrostatic be kept during salinize cultivation, change weekly a water, change water about 1/3rd at every turn.Bighead just can go on the market through the salinize weight reducing of 30 ~ 45 days.
The present invention is summed up further by great many of experiments and obtains, be applicable in China each department salinize weight reducing cultivation month be: the Northeast is 4 ~ September in the suitableeest month, North China is 3 ~ June, the Northwest is 4 ~ October, southwest is 2 ~ May, East China is 2 ~ June, and South China is 1 ~ May.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The invention provides a kind of new bighead cultural method, can perform well in improving bighead quality, cultivate the bighead body colour obtained bright and new, physique is strong, and without mud taste, few fatty, few medicine is residual, mouthfeel good, quality is good.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
In order to reduce injury rate and the lethality of bighead in the process of fishing for, salinize temperature in whole breeding process of reducing weight should remain between 8 ~ 25 DEG C as far as possible.Because national different regions monthly mean temperature differs greatly, therefore, each department are applicable to salinize weight reducing cultivation month difference.The Northeast is 4 ~ September in the suitableeest month, and North China is 3 ~ June, and the Northwest is 4 ~ October, and southwest is 2 ~ May, and East China is 2 ~ June, and South China is 1 ~ May, all can obtain and stablize excellent culture efficiency.
Adult fish should select not damaged, without the individuality infected, nothing deformity, physique are healthy and strong, body weight is greater than more than 2kg in principle.
Bighead, before putting into pond recuperation, first, is surveyed sample forbidden drugs such as malachite green, nitrofuran, chloramphenicol, xacin-series, strictly stops to detect underproof adult fish.Then, 5 kinds of specifications are divided into by the large young pathbreaker bighead of body weight.Body weight be 2 ~ 3kg for A specification, body weight be 3 ~ 5kg be B specification, body weight be 5 ~ 7kg be C specification, body weight be 7 ~ 10kg be D specification.Body weight be 10kg ~ 20kg for E specification.Finally, be that 0.01 ~ 0.03g/L liquor potassic permanganate or 4 ~ 5% disinfects with salt solution by the adult fish concentration distributed.
By the adult fish after sterilization by 6 ~ 8kg/m
3putting into specification is that 8m(is long) × 6m(is wide) × (0.6 ~ 1) m(is dark) cement pit recuperation one month, cement pit must rule, and without leaking, without infiltration phenomenon.Before bighead is put into, first put by Chi Shui dry, remove mud, bleaching powder sterilization (usage amount is 35kg/ mu), dry cement pit, the water filling degree of depth is 0.5 meter.Hurt less bighead for avoiding larger bighead to beat, the adult fish body weight putting into same cement pit should be same specification, and for preventing bighead from jumping out outside pond, available net covers cement pit.Between recuperation period, any feed of not throwing something and feeding.By multiple cement pit with internal diameter be 3cm PC pipe before and after connect and be cascaded, water is put into by first pond, last pond is discharged, by constantly discharging water, draining make it formed flowing water, utilize flowing water to make fish discharge vivotoxin (comprising forbidden drug to remain) in travelling, eliminate superabundant fats.Adhere to morning, noon and afternoon every day inspection cement pit, observe change of water quality and active situation, bighead excreta in every day timely sucking-off pond, can observe at the bottom of pond as standard.Observe and whether have disease to occur and anoxic floating head phenomenon, observe the body weight change of fish and have pollution-free, sick fish, dead fish etc., pulling dead fish or sick fish in time out.
After cement pit is recuperated one month, water in cement pit is slowly drained and the salt solution of 2 degree (2 ‰) preparing is injected pond simultaneously, for avoiding strong stress reaction, injection salt solution and draining should be carried out simultaneously, measure each cement pit salinity with salinometer simultaneously, water inlet and draining is stopped when cement pit salinity reaches 2 degree, start hydrostatic salinize, later salinity increases by 2 degree every day, finally be increased to 8 degree to remain unchanged, during hydrostatic salinize, change weekly a water, preferably change water about 1/3rd at every turn.Experimental results demonstrate through the present invention, 8 ‰ salt solution not only can kill a large amount of bacterium in the flesh of fish and parasite, and bighead meat after this salinity salinize weight reducing is the most delicious, and economic worth is the highest.Adhere to observing change of water quality every day and whether having floating head phenomenon.The bighead salinize of A specification cultivates 30 days, and the bighead salinize of B specification cultivates 33 days, and the bighead salinize of C specification cultivates 37 days, and the bighead salinize of D specification cultivates 41 days, and the bighead salinize of E specification cultivates 45 days, just can go on the market.Provide conventional cultivation bighead and salinize of the present invention in following table 1 and table 2 to reduce weight the bighead Indexes Comparison result cultivated.
Contrast 1: bighead conventionally cultivates, from fry, cultivation obtains adult fish, breeding water body is that rivers, reservoir, lake, pond and net cage all can, conveniently to throw something and feed feed, feed can be wheat bran, skin chaff and bighead manufactured feed, cultivate more than 1 year, hydrostatic, flowing water all can, salinity is 0.
Contrast 2: the bighead of purchase is put into (natural fish pond in fish pond, cement pit) support about one month temporarily, active microbiological preparations is thrown with regulating water quality in fish pond, then hanging culture one month is transferred in the net cage of river course or reservoir again, utilize river course or reservoir flowing water, make fish discharge vivotoxin in travelling, eliminate mud taste, consume superabundant fats.Adult fish lose weight original body weight about 75% time change salt water cultivation into, with reference to existing 10 grades of salinize methods, the salinity of water body from 1 degree s, every grade of increase by 1 degree reach 10 ~ 12 degree afterwards salinizes cultivate 20 days.
Table 1 conventional cultivation bighead and salinize bighead build of reducing weight compares
Coefficient of condition=long cm of body weight g/ body
3× 100
Heavy g/ body weight g × 100 of dirty body ratio=internal organ
Heavy g/ body weight g × 100 of tripe tallow ratio=tripe tallow
Table 2 conventional cultivation bighead and salinize bighead meat of reducing weight compares
Note: contrast 1 is conventional cultivation bighead, contrast 2 is existing salinize cultivation bighead; A, b, c letter identical table differential is different not remarkable, and letter is different represents significant difference.
Claims (9)
1. a salinize weight reducing cultural method for bighead, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1. the selection of grown bighead carp;
S2. pond recuperation;
S3. salinize cultivation;
Wherein, the selection of grown bighead carp described in S1 is that selective body focuses on the bighead of 2 ~ 20kg as adult fish, is divided into the bighead of different size by body weight; Described different size is five kinds of specifications: body weight be 2 ~ 3kg for A specification, body weight be 3 ~ 5kg be B specification, body weight be 5 ~ 7kg be C specification, body weight be 7 ~ 10kg be D specification, body weight be 10kg ~ 20kg be E specification;
Pond recuperation described in S2 is by after grown bighead carp sterilization described in S1, by density 6 ~ 8kg/m
3put into pond and carry out flowing water weight reducing 28 ~ 35 days, in same pond, put into the bighead of same specification; All ponds are cascaded by pipeline by the both sides 0.5 ~ 0.8m depths corresponding in each pond, and water is put into by first pond, last pond discharge, by constantly discharging water, draining make it formed flowing water; Not throw something and feed between the recuperation period of pond any feed and/or probiotics; Described pond is cement pit, and the specification of described cement pit is: long for 8m, wide for 6m, be 0.6 ~ 1m deeply; The depth of water of cement pit is 0.5 ~ 0.8 meter;
Salinize cultivation described in S3: after the recuperation of pond, the water of discharging in cement pit injects the salt solution of 2 degree simultaneously; Stop water filling and draining when cement pit salinity reaches 2 degree, start hydrostatic salinize cultivation, during hydrostatic salinize cultivation, salinity increases by 2 degree every day, keep after reaching 8 degree 8 degree constant; Not throw something and feed any feed during salinize cultivation;
The time of described salinize cultivation is: the bighead salinize of A specification cultivates 30 days, and the bighead salinize of B specification cultivates 33 days, and the bighead salinize of C specification cultivates 37 days, and the bighead salinize of D specification cultivates 41 days, and the bighead salinize of E specification cultivates 45 days;
In described S1, S2, S3, temperature remains 8 ~ 25 DEG C.
2. the salinize weight reducing cultural method of bighead according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the time of described flowing water weight reducing is 28 ~ 30 days.
3. the salinize weight reducing cultural method of bighead according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described sterilization is the saline sook bighead 15 ~ 20 minutes of 0.01 ~ 0.03g/L liquor potassic permanganate or 4 ~ 5% by concentration.
4. the salinize weight reducing cultural method of bighead according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the recuperation of described pond is before bighead puts into cement pit, is first done by the Chi Shuifang of cement pit, removes mud, with bleaching powder sterilization, water filling after being exposed to the sun.
5. according to claim 4 bighead salinize weight reducing cultural method, it is characterized in that, the usage amount of described bleaching powder is 5 ~ 10kg/ mu; The described time of being exposed to the sun is 3 days.
6. according to claim 1 bighead salinize weight reducing cultural method, it is characterized in that, the depth of water of described cement pit is 0.5 ~ 0.6 meter.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, during described salinize cultivation, changes weekly a water, changes water 1/3rd at every turn, regulate each lake salt degree after changing water, make it consistent with original salinity.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the month of described salinize weight reducing cultivation is: the Northeast is 4 ~ September, North China is 3 ~ June, and the Northwest is 4 ~ October, and southwest is 2 ~ May, East China is 2 ~ June, and South China is 1 ~ May.
9. the method according to any one of claim 1 to 8, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
S1. select not damaged, without the bighead infected, nothing deformity, physique are healthy and strong, body weight is 2kg ~ 20kg, before putting into pond recuperation, carry out the sampling check of forbidden drug, get rid of the bighead that forbidden drug is residual;
S2. cement pit recuperation: the adult fish concentration that S1 is chosen be 0.01 ~ 0.03g/L liquor potassic permanganate or 4 ~ 5% saline sook put into after 15 ~ 20 minutes specification be 8m × 6m × (0.6 ~ 1) m cement pit recuperation 30 days, the cement pit water filling degree of depth is 0.5 ~ 0.8 meter, and the density of bighead is 6 ~ 8kg/m
3; Put into the bighead of same specification in a cement pit, be together in series by all cement pits, constantly adding water discharges water, the formation flowing water allowed, and bighead is recuperated 30 days at cement pit;
S3., during salinize cultivation, change weekly a water, change water 1/3rd at every turn, after changing water, regulate each lake salt degree, make it consistent with original salinity.
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