CN103282715B - 用于柔性管的可分离连接单元的控制阀 - Google Patents

用于柔性管的可分离连接单元的控制阀 Download PDF

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CN103282715B
CN103282715B CN201180059592.9A CN201180059592A CN103282715B CN 103282715 B CN103282715 B CN 103282715B CN 201180059592 A CN201180059592 A CN 201180059592A CN 103282715 B CN103282715 B CN 103282715B
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CN103282715A (zh
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洛伦佐·波米欧利
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MIB Italiana SpA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/10Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/10Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses
    • F16L55/1007Couplings closed automatically when broken
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/165Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with a plurality of closure members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L23/00Flanged joints
    • F16L23/02Flanged joints the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially
    • F16L23/036Flanged joints the flanges being connected by members tensioned axially characterised by the tensioning members, e.g. specially adapted bolts or C-clamps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L29/00Joints with fluid cut-off means
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/1624Destructible or deformable element controlled
    • Y10T137/1632Destructible element
    • Y10T137/1654Separable valve coupling or conduit
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593Systems
    • Y10T137/87917Flow path with serial valves and/or closures
    • Y10T137/87925Separable flow path section, valve or closure in each
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/9029With coupling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Pipe Accessories (AREA)
  • Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)
  • Joints That Cut Off Fluids, And Hose Joints (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
  • Details Of Valves (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

描述了一种用于连接单元的控制阀(5,5’),该连接单元用于柔性管,该控制阀(5,5’)包括多个扇片(片或瓣)(6-7,6’-7’),这些多个扇片(6-7,6’-7’)在完全打开位置与完全关闭位置之间是可转动的。上述多个可转动扇片(6-7,6’-7’)包括至少两个系列的不同形状和尺寸的转动扇片,这些转动扇片按交替方式沿连接单元的圆周布置。较小扇片(6,6’)可按这样一种方式控制,以关闭得比较大扇片(7,7’)慢。旋转扇片(6-7,6’-7’)的形状和尺寸是这样的,从而为了在扇片本身之间的较好紧密性,允许相邻扇片(6-7,6’-7’)的边界的部分重叠。

Description

用于柔性管的可分离连接单元的控制阀
本发明涉及一种用于可分离连接单元的瓣式控制阀,该可分离连接单元用于流体产品的输送管,特别是用于石油产品。
石油产品从石油化工设施、从平台、从油轮到油轮、从油轮到陆地设施及反之亦然的海上输送,众所周知地借助于柔性管和管本身的连接单元发生,这些连接单元包括两个可分离部分,每个部分设有相应控制阀,该相应控制阀在分离时自动地关闭,以限制产品到海中的流失,因此,对其具有较少污染。这些连接单元位于柔性管位于海中的部分上,并且具有如果发生异常情形则保护管和更一般地保护连接管线的基本目的,这些异常情形引起在管上的过大拉动或在管线上的过大压力。这样的异常情形可能是:断开或漂移的油轮或更一般地石油设施(FPSO);强浪,使在管上的牵引力超越极限;船舶撞击到管上,将它拖离并且在其上创建过大负载;下游流量阀的快速关闭;或引起过大轴向负载和/或压力增大的任何其它原因。
当前可得到的控制单元这样制成,从而在连接单元的两个部分的分离之后自动地关闭控制阀,即在上述情形下没有通过操作人员的控制。
瓣式的流体控制阀也是已知的,即由多个片或瓣形成,使这些多个片或瓣在打开位置与关闭位置之间旋转,在该打开位置中,瓣大体上与石油产品的流动方向相平行,在该关闭位置中,瓣对于单元的轴线横向会聚,以几乎完全阻止产品的流动。在轴向牵引应力施加到连接单元上以后,当例如由内部轴向可除去套管施加的抑制作用停止时,从打开位置到关闭位置的运动在弹性装置的偏置下发生。流体动力制动器适当地减慢上游阀的关闭速度,以避免过大压力,该过大压力叫做水锤现象,由弹性装置的和加压流体的组合作用确定,该过大压力对于控制阀和对于连接单元本身可能具有破坏作用。
本发明的目的是制造一种瓣式或更一般地旋转扇片式的控制阀,当用作柔性管的可分离连接单元上游的控制阀时,该控制阀特别适于避免在关闭期间形成水锤现象。
按照本发明,这样一个目的由用于连接单元的控制阀实现,该连接单元用于柔性管,该控制阀包括多个扇片(片或瓣),这些多个扇片在完全打开位置与完全关闭位置之间可转动,其特征在于,所述多个可转动扇片包括至少两个系列的不同形状和尺寸的转动扇片,这些转动扇片按交替方式沿连接单元的圆周布置。
当根据本发明的控制阀用作在流体的流动方向上的上游控制阀时,较小扇片优选地按这样一种方式驱动,以相对于较大扇片较慢地关闭,从而进一步限制形成水锤现象的可能性。
可转动相邻扇片具有这样的形状和尺寸,从而为了在扇片本身之间的较好紧密性,允许相邻扇片的部分重叠。
按这种方式,可能的是,通过适当地调整流体动力制动器,避免在关闭步骤期间的水锤现象和对于设施的相应有害影响。
本发明的特征将在其实际实施例的如下详细描述中进一步解释,该实际实施例作为非限制性例子表示在附图中,在这些附图中:
图1表示用于柔性管的连接单元的整体,该整体在轴向方向上部分剖开,该连接单元包括根据本发明的两个控制阀;
图2表示控制阀的立体分解图,该控制阀在图1中的连接单元的上游;
图3表示控制阀的立体分解图,该控制阀在图1中的连接单元的下游;
图4表示根据本发明的装置的如图1所示剖开的放大细节,该装置用来关闭控制阀的旋转扇片,该控制阀在图1中的连接单元的上游;
图5表示在上述旋转扇片的关闭步骤期间的同一装置;
图6表示装置的、在轴向方向上剖开的放大细节,该装置用来关闭控制阀的旋转扇片,该控制阀在图1中的连接单元的下游;
图7表示在上述旋转扇片的关闭步骤期间在图6中的装置;
图8-10表示上游控制阀的旋转扇片的关闭速度的调节芯的可能实施例;
图11和12表示较大旋转扇片的例子的相互相对立体图;
图13和14表示上述较大旋转扇片的相互相对平面图;
图15表示上述较大旋转扇片的部分截面前视图;
图16和17表示较小旋转扇片的例子的相互相对立体图;
图18和19表示上述较小旋转扇片的相互相对平面图;
图20表示上述较小旋转扇片的部分截面前视图;
图21表示在关闭位置中的相邻旋转段。
图1表示用于柔性管的连接单元,该连接单元包括两个可分离部分或本体1和2,这两个可分离部分或本体1和2在运输流体产品的流动方向上分别在上游和下游。
两个部分1和2由破坏螺钉3连接,这些破坏螺钉3在强牵引应力(等于或高于设置负载)的情况下断开,使得分离两个部分是可能的。
圆筒形滑动套管4(图1)布置在连接单元中,当单元的两个部分分离时,该圆筒形滑动套管4从连接单元是自动地和轴向地可除去的。
圆筒形套管4通常将两个旋转扇片阀5-5’保持在打开位置中,这两个旋转扇片阀5-5’的每一个包括两个系列的不同形状和尺寸的瓣或片6-7和6’-7’,这些瓣或片6-7和6’-7’沿圆周绕相应轴线8-8’在图1-4和6的打开位置与在图5和7中的关闭位置之间交替。
例如,在意大利专利申请MI2009A002146中描述了套管4的功能和操作模式,该专利申请由本申请人在12/04/2009提交。
以控制阀5为例,图11-21详细地表示它们的瓣6和7的形状和功能。
较大瓣7表示在图11-15中,其中,看到它设有V形端部31,该V形端部31的侧部32打算按流体不透方式抵靠其它相邻瓣7的对应侧部。每个瓣7还具有横向侧部33,这些横向侧部33具有拱形末端34,这些横向侧部33提供台阶35,在该台阶35上,在阀5关闭的情况下,倚靠较小尺寸的瓣6的侧部,该瓣6介入在较大尺寸的两个瓣7之间。
较小尺寸的瓣6又表示在图16-20中,其中,看到它设有圆形末端36、和直侧部38,该圆形末端36具有台阶37,该圆形末端36在阀5关闭的情况下,与两个相邻瓣7的拱形末端34紧密地啮合,在这些直侧部38上,台阶37继续,这些直侧部38在阀5关闭的情况下,与两个相邻瓣7的横向侧部33紧密地啮合。
两个瓣7与中间瓣6的关闭构造表示在图21中。
为了其从打开位置到关闭位置的运动,控制阀5的每个旋转扇片6-7绕其轴线8在相应自动关闭装置的控制下是可转动的,该控制阀5布置在流体产品的流动方向上的上游,该相应自动关闭装置在图1、4及5中由附图标记9指示为整体。每个装置9在保持本体10-11内包括固定本体12和活动本体13,该活动本体13相对于固定本体12轴向滑动(图4和5)。第一腔室14限定在固定本体12内部,该第一腔室14在活动本体13的第一部分内延伸到横向壁15,该横向壁15抵靠控制阀的相应旋转扇片6-7的控制跟部16。螺旋弹簧17容纳在第一腔室14内,该螺旋弹簧17可从在图4中的压缩构造延伸到在图5中的伸长状态。当套管4根据在意大利专利申请MI2009A002146中解释的方法从阀5的内部轴向除去,停止其在阀本身的旋转扇片6和7上的抑制作用时,弹簧17的伸长自动地发生。
第二腔室18限定在滑动本体13的相对端部上,在该第二腔室18中,通常容纳适当挑选粘度的制动流体。两个腔室14和18借助于通路导管19连通,该通路导管19具有加宽进口部分20,在该加宽进口部分20中,插入流速调节芯21,该流速调节芯21在进口侧23上具有圆筒形部分22,该进口侧23设有螺旋外部凹槽24。具有外部凹槽24的不同延伸部的芯21的例子表示在图8-10中。
在腔室14和18之间的描述连通,在滑动本体13从在图4中的位置到在图5中的位置的运动期间,具有使制动流体从腔室18泄漏到腔室14的作用,该运动在没有套管4的情况下由弹簧17的推力引起,并且在阀扇片6-7的关闭转动期间由加压流体引起,该加压流体流过结合部分1。制动流体的通过减慢阀的关闭速度,避免突然冲击,这些突然冲击可损坏阀本身的旋转扇片。因而避免压力的突然增大,压力的突然增大称作水锤现象。
通过速度、和因而单转动瓣的关闭速度取决于通路导管19的截面、芯21的圆柱部分22的直径、及芯21的螺旋外部凹槽24的延伸,并且可以通过将芯用不同直径的和具有不同凹槽的其它芯替换而修改。
因而,可能的是,想到用于较小尺寸的旋转扇片6的一种类型的和用于较大尺寸的旋转扇片7的另一种类型的芯的使用,从而确定不同转动速度,并因而确定阀5的单瓣的关闭速度。更明确地说,可能的是,固定用于较大尺寸的瓣7的较快关闭速度和用于较小尺寸的瓣6的较慢关闭速度,这些瓣6因此重叠,并且部分倚靠在相邻瓣7的边缘上,因而得到在图21中的关闭构造。这允许得到一种闭合,该闭合在控制阀的旋转扇片或瓣的关闭期间将产品的离开限制到最大值,因而将由水锤现象产生的压力波峰限制到可接受水平。
在流体的流动方向上的下游的控制阀5’的旋转扇片或瓣6’-7’又设有自动关闭装置9’,表示在图1、6及7中,这些自动关闭装置9’类似地具有固定本体12’、滑动本体13’、及通常压缩的弹簧17’,这些通常压缩的弹簧17’在套管4的除去的情况下,通过跟部16’确定阀5’的各个旋转扇片或瓣6-7的转动,并因而确定它们的自动闭合。代之以省去与由制动流体从腔室18到腔室14的通过确定的制动作用相似的制动作用。制动作用的确由在结合部分2中存在的加压流体确定。

Claims (4)

1.用于柔性管连接单元的控制阀(5,5’),该控制阀(5,5’)包括多个扇片(6,7)或扇瓣(6’,7’),这些多个扇片(6,7)或扇瓣(6’,7’)在完全打开位置与完全关闭位置之间是可转动的,其特征在于,所述多个可转动扇片(6,7)或扇瓣(6’,7’)包括至少两个系列的不同形状和尺寸的转动扇片,这些转动扇片按交替方式沿连接单元的圆周布置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制阀,其特征在于,如果该阀用作在流体的流动方向上的连接单元的上游控制阀(5),则较小扇片或扇瓣(6,6’)按这样一种方式驱动,以相对于较大扇片或扇瓣(7,7’)较慢地关闭。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的控制阀,其特征在于,所述可转动的相邻扇片(6,7)或扇瓣(6’,7’)具有这样的形状和尺寸,从而为了在扇片本身之间的较好紧密性,允许相邻扇片(6,7)或扇瓣(6’,7’)的边界的部分地重叠。
4.根据权利要求3所述的控制阀,其特征在于,较大尺寸的扇片或扇瓣(7,7’)具有V形末端(31),并且此外具有横向侧部(33),该V形末端(31)的侧部(32)按流体不透过的配合方式抵靠邻近它们的较大尺寸的其它扇片或扇瓣(7)的对应侧部,这些横向侧部(33)具有拱形末端(34),该拱形末端(34)提供台阶(35),在该台阶(35)上,在阀(5,5’)关闭的情况下,倚靠较小尺寸的转动扇片或扇瓣(6,6’)的侧部,该转动扇片或扇瓣(6,6’)介入在较大尺寸的两个转动扇片或扇瓣(7,7’)之间,并且较小尺寸的所述转动扇片或扇瓣(6,6’)具有圆形末端(36)和直侧部(38),该圆形末端(36)具有台阶(37),该圆形末端(36)在阀(5,5’)关闭的情况下,与两个相邻转动扇片或扇瓣(7,7’)的拱形末端(34)紧密地啮合,在这些直侧部(38)上,台阶(37)继续,这些直侧部(38)在阀(5,5’)关闭的情况下,与两个相邻转动扇片或扇瓣(7,7’)的横向侧部(33)紧密地啮合。
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