CN103277407B - 栅格柱式推力轴承支撑结构 - Google Patents

栅格柱式推力轴承支撑结构 Download PDF

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CN103277407B
CN103277407B CN201210197361.0A CN201210197361A CN103277407B CN 103277407 B CN103277407 B CN 103277407B CN 201210197361 A CN201210197361 A CN 201210197361A CN 103277407 B CN103277407 B CN 103277407B
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陈志祥
方静辉
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ZHEJIANG FUCHUNJIANG HYDROELECTRIC EQUIPMENT CO., LTD.
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Zhejiang Fuchunjiang Hydroelectric Equipment Co Ltd
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Abstract

本结构利用非均匀截面积的支撑柱具备非均匀刚性的特点,在推力瓦支撑面压小的区域布置小面积支撑柱,在推力瓦支撑面压大的区域布置大截面支撑柱,同时兼顾推力瓦周向进口侧和内外径侧支撑刚度较小的要求,以利于形成楔形油膜。这样就等效的实现了推力瓦的可倾性。栅柱的高度根据刚度的要求计算得到。

Description

栅格柱式推力轴承支撑结构
技术领域
本发明专利涉及一种动压润滑滑动推力轴承支撑结构,可用于各类分块式推力轴承结构中。
背景技术
动压润滑滑动推力轴承是大型旋转机械设备中至关重要的部件,在水力机械、汽轮机、球磨机等设备中均有应用,用来承载转动部件的轴向载荷。目前在大型推力轴承中,常采用分块可倾瓦结构,这种结构由推力瓦、支撑结构组成,其中,支撑结构能满足推力瓦的负载需要,同时可允许推力瓦通过空间倾斜的方式调整姿态以达到最佳的润滑油膜形状。
动压润滑滑动推力轴承的运行机理是依靠推力镜板与推力瓦之间形成动压楔形油膜,该油膜具备轴向承载能力,从而实现承载。所以在设计推力轴承时,需要考虑其能够满足形成楔形油膜的前提条件。动压润滑推力轴承性能设计涉及热弹流润滑理论,特性分析比较负载。一方面要考虑润滑油膜非等压、非等厚、非等温等特点,另一方面在润滑油膜的上述非均匀分布特性的作用下,推力瓦和推力镜板将会出现非均匀热弹变形,两者结果间存在相互耦合作用。最终要求推力轴承润滑油膜的最小厚度大于推力瓦面与镜板面表面粗糙度之和,以免引起干摩擦,最终造成烧瓦事故。
鉴于以上推力轴承油膜润滑特性的复杂性,推力轴承的支撑方式非常考究。对于分块可倾式推力轴承,它至少需要具备以下的特性:
a、可以支撑推力轴承的负荷;
b、利用球面支撑、非等刚度支撑面来实现推力瓦的可倾性。
推力轴承传统的支撑结构有弹性油箱支撑、弹性圆盘支撑、小弹簧簇支撑、小支柱支撑等方式,他们都具有可以使推力轴承整体结构倾斜的功能,整体支撑中心位于推力轴瓦偏心位置上等特点。
发明内容
本发明要解决的是利用非均匀截面积和非均匀布置的栅柱来支撑推力瓦,使推力瓦的热弹变形符合最佳润滑油膜形状要求。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
栅柱式推力轴承支撑块结构,其是在支撑块上设有阵列栅柱,阵列栅柱的栅柱间隔。
通过以上设计,可以使推力瓦在运行过程中产生有利于最佳润滑油膜形状的瓦面热弹变形,使推力轴承的润滑特性更佳。
本结构可利用单块钢坯机加工得到成品,这样避免了传统支撑结构存在,可以适当降低加工精度,削减加工成本。
阵列栅柱支撑块的内外径、各个栅柱的内外径、各个栅柱的周向跨度、栅柱间的间隙跨度、支撑块的总高度、栅柱的高度是本构方程求解得到的油膜特性结果结合固体刚度矩阵推算得到。
由本结构实现支撑的推力轴承的动压润滑特性可根据以下的本构方程组求解。
动压润滑滑动推力轴承润滑油膜的压力分布满足如下雷诺方程:
式(1)中, F 0 = ∫ 0 h dz μ , F 1 = ∫ 0 h zdz μ , F 2 = ∫ 0 h z ( z - F 1 F 0 ) μ dz , r为推力轴瓦的径向尺寸,θ为推力轴瓦的周向角度,ω为旋转部件的角速度,ρ为润滑油密度,h为油膜厚度,z为轴向矢量,μ为润滑油粘度,P为承载面压;
动压润滑滑动推力轴承润滑油膜的油膜厚度满足如下公式:
h=hs+he   (2)
式(2)中,hs为推力轴承装配时的油膜厚度,he为推力轴瓦和镜板的热弹变形量;
动压润滑滑动推力轴承润滑油膜的温度分布满足如下能量方程:
式(3)中,ρ为润滑油密度,Cp为润滑油热传导率,Ur为润滑油径向速度,Uθ为润滑油周向速度,r为推力轴瓦的径向尺寸,θ为推力轴瓦的周向角度,α为润滑油热扩散率,λ为润滑油四周侧热对流系数,P为承载面压,T为油膜温度,z为轴向矢量;
推力瓦和推力镜板的热弹变形可以通过有限元分析软件求解得到;
推力轴承的最终润滑特性可以通过式(1),(2),(3)计算结果和推力轴瓦、镜板热弹变形计算结果之间的相互迭代求得。
本发明的栅柱式推力轴承支撑块结构是利用非均匀截面积的支撑柱具备非均匀刚性的特点,在推力瓦支撑面压小的区域布置小面积支撑柱,在推力瓦支撑面压大的区域布置大截面支撑柱,同时兼顾推力瓦周向进口侧和内外径侧支撑刚度较小的要求,以利于形成楔形油膜。这样就等效的实现了推力瓦的可倾性。栅柱的高度根据刚度的要求计算得到。
附图说明
附图1 为传统的采用小支柱簇支撑的推力轴承结构;
附图2 推力轴承栅柱式支撑块的示意模型;
附图3 栅柱式支撑块模型;
附图4 下油膜压力分布;
附图5 油膜厚度分布特性;
附图6 油膜温度分布特性;
附图7 推力瓦热弹变形特性;
附图8 推力镜板热弹变形特性。
附图2 是本发明所述的栅柱式支撑块结构示意图。图中r,R为支撑块的内外径,R1~R6为各个栅柱的内外径,A1~A5为各个栅柱的周向跨度,B1~B4为栅柱间的间隙跨度,H为支撑块的总高度,h为栅柱的高度。以上各个尺寸值均需要通过上述本构方程求解结果结合推力轴瓦的刚度矩阵推算。
具体实施方式
下面结合一个具体的实施案例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
如某个推力轴承要求承载1400t负荷,选用14块瓦,转动部件转速115.4r/min,润滑油牌号为VG46#,轴承内径为2450mm(直径),轴承外径为3620mm(直径),单块推力轴瓦的周向跨度为20°。
在假设he=0的条件下,由式1,式2,式3联立求解先计算得到理想楔形油膜下的润滑油膜压力分布和温度分布结果,根据该结果设计如图3所示的栅柱式支撑块,图中各个尺寸由上述本构方程求解得到的油膜特性结果结合固体刚度矩阵推算得到。然后,再结合有限元软件对推力瓦、推力镜板进行热弹变形计算,利用热弹变形计算结果修正he,与式1,式2,式3耦合迭代,最终得到该推力轴承的热弹流特性结果如图4、5、6、7、8所示。轴承特性表明,在该栅柱式支撑块的支撑下,推力轴承的润滑性能良好,可以满足轴承的长期安全运行。

Claims (1)

1.栅柱式推力轴承支撑块结构,其特征在于:是在支撑块上设有阵列栅柱支撑块的内外径、各个栅柱的内外径、各个栅柱的周向跨度、栅柱间的间隙跨度、支撑块的总高度、栅柱的高度均是本构方程求解得到的油膜特性结果结合固体刚度矩阵推算得到;
由栅柱式推力轴承支撑块结构实现支撑的推力轴承的动压润滑特性可根据以下的方程组求解;
动压润滑滑动推力轴承润滑油膜的压力分布满足如下雷诺方程:
寸,θ为推力轴瓦的周向角度,ω为旋转部件的角速度,ρ为润滑油密度,h为油膜厚度,z为轴向矢量,μ为润滑油粘度,P为承载面压;
动压润滑滑动推力轴承润滑油膜的油膜厚度满足如下公式:
h=hs+he     (2)
式(2)中,hs为推力轴承装配时的油膜厚度,he为推力轴瓦和镜板的热弹变形量;
动压润滑滑动推力轴承润滑油膜的温度分布满足如下能量方程:
式(3)中,ρ为润滑油密度,Cp为润滑油热传导率,Ur为润滑油径向速度,Uθ为润滑油周向速度,r为推力轴瓦的径向尺寸,θ为推力轴瓦的周向角度,α为润滑油热扩散率,λ为润滑油四周侧热对流系数,P为承载面压,T为油膜温度,z为轴向矢量;
推力瓦和推力镜板的热弹变形可以通过有限元分析软件求解得到;
推力轴承的最终润滑特性可以通过式(1),(2),(3)计算结果和推力轴瓦、镜板热弹变形计算结果之间的相互迭代求得。
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CN104392059B (zh) * 2014-11-28 2017-06-06 合肥通用机械研究院 一种大型球罐整体热处理过程中的支柱移动方法
CN105508580B (zh) * 2015-12-23 2019-06-14 北京联合大学 一种动压润滑方法和结构
CN105526340B (zh) * 2015-12-23 2018-06-15 北京联合大学 一种动压润滑斜盘斜齿轮无级变速器
CN105508581B (zh) * 2015-12-23 2019-01-25 北京联合大学 一种动压润滑滑靴

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