CN103264605A - Historic building carving decoration repairing method based on 3D technology - Google Patents
Historic building carving decoration repairing method based on 3D technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a historic building carving decoration repairing method. The historic building carving decoration repairing method based on the 3D technology includes: step one, obtaining three-dimensional data of carving decoration to-be-repaired; step two, establishing a three-dimensional computer model of the carving decoration to-be-repaired according to the obtained three-dimensional data; step three, performing computer simulation repair for the three-dimensional computer model; step four, conducting 3D printing for the repaired three-dimensional computer model to obtain a carving decoration model; and step five, repairing the carving decoration to-be-repaired as the stone curving model. The present invention provides a novel historic building stone repairing method, and through the use of the 3D technology, the repairing of the historic building stone curving is scientific, rigorous and accurate. Meanwhile, by saving the three-dimensional data of the carving decoration to-be-repaired, the state of the carving decoration before repairing is really recorded and the destruction difficult to save caused by work failure or improper operation in the repair process is prevented.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the building protection recovery technique, be specifically related to the restorative procedure of historical building carve.
Background technology
Carve in the historical building comprises that tile carving, woodcarving, stone carving, floriation, ash mould etc., and is abundant in content, gimmick is various, exquisite workmanship, is that characteristic feature and the important value of Chinese history building constitutes.But through long natural weathering and artificial destruction, carve is often incomplete.And existing recovery technique often two dimension, plane formula, renovation technique then is extensive style, final effect is entirely with workman's handicraft, can not guarantee that all are repaired all is science, tightly and accurately, and the repair process of many sculptures is a kind of artificial destruction process in fact.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to, provide a kind of historical building based on the 3D technology overwrought restorative procedure, to address the above problem.
Technical problem solved by the invention can realize by the following technical solutions:
Based on the overwrought restorative procedure of the historical building of 3D technology, it is characterized in that,
Step 1: the three-dimensional data of obtaining carve to be repaired;
Step 2: according to the three-dimensional data that obtains, set up the three dimensional computer modeling of carve to be repaired;
Step 3: three dimensional computer modeling is carried out the computer simulation reparation;
Step 4: the three dimensional computer modeling after will repairing carries out 3D to be printed, and makes overwrought model;
Step 5: according to overwrought model, carve to be repaired is repaired.
The invention provides the overwrought restorative procedure of a kind of new historical building, by the utilization of 3D technology, the reparation that makes the historical building carve is science, tight and accurately more.Simultaneously, can record overwrought preprosthetic state truly by the preservation to the three-dimensional data of carve to be repaired, the destruction that is difficult to save of avoiding repair process to cause because of work mistake or misoperation.
In order further the historical building carve to be protected, after step 5, can increase by a step, i.e. step 6: carry out protective treatment on the overwrought surface of repairing., described carve moulds the overwrought surface spraying organosilicon of reparation if being tile carving, stone carving, floriation or ash.If described carve is woodcarving, the overwrought surface lacquer of reparation is coated with the clear or tung oil of water white mute light.
In the step 1, can obtain the three-dimensional data of carve to be repaired by the mode of 3 D laser scanning.Three-dimensional data can comprise overwrought spatial shape and detail data.Can adopt three-dimensional laser scanner to carry out 3 D laser scanning.Three-dimensional laser scanner can be based on the pulsed three-dimensional laser scanner of pulse, also can be based on the three-dimensional laser scanner of phase difference, can also be based on the three-dimensional laser scanner of range of triangle principle.Three-dimensional laser scanner mainly comprises 3D scanning system and dual camera sensor.
In the step 2, the three dimensional computer modeling of carve to be repaired can be kept in the computer, with this foundation as follow-up reparation, and preserve as present situation data accurately.
In the step 4, preferably according to moulded dimension: the ratio of full size=1:1 is carried out 3D and is printed.For big part carve, the mode that can adopt reduce in scale to print.With the foundation of printer model as craftsman's site operation.In the step 5, repair materials adopts the material identical materials with former carve.Allow to approach and difference slightly at color, to reach the requirement of " far away see consistent, the near sight coordinated ".The process of field repair is as damaging original carve, can be used for remedying because the carve that work mistake or misoperation cause is destroyed with the three dimensional computer modeling of carve to be repaired or overwrought model as the accurate foundation of repairing again.
Also can, in the step 4, carry out 3D according to the ratio of moulded dimension: full size=1:1 and print, make overwrought model, can repair partly according to moulded dimension: full size is less than or equal to the ratio of 98:100 and carries out the 3D printing, makes the repairing model of repairing part; In the step 5, repairing model is sticked on the carve to be repaired, according to overwrought model repairing model is carried out surface treatment, finish the reparation to carve to be repaired.
In order to make reparation more accurate, can adopt the mode of successively repairing,, successively repair to step 5 by repeating step one.After adopting this kind method, by comparing the three dimensional computer modeling after adjacent twice simulation repaired, can obtain the degree of accuracy of this layer reparation.
Repair the material object of part less than the fact damaged part, can have the space therebetween, the space is filled by adhesive, decorative material or other auxiliary material.
The repairing model of overwrought model, reparation part all can adopt lamination layer structure, and described lamination layer structure comprises model internal layer, model skin.Like this, described ectonexine separately just can reduce the requirement to the internal layer material, and the model internal layer just can the lower cheap material of use cost.Thereby can reduce maintenance cost.
Can use 3D print system printer model internal layer.The 3D print system is provided with at least two containers and two corresponding spray equipments, accommodates magnesium phosphate cement as material container at least one described containers, contains potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesia borax in the described magnesium phosphate cement;
The spray equipment that connects is as the material spray equipment; Accommodate water at least one described containers, as water receptacle, the spray equipment that connects is as the water spray equipment;
The magnesium phosphate cement in spraying one deck material container on the print platform at first, form one material bed, the cross section structure of printing objects sprays water as required then, magnesium phosphate cement is met the water after-hardening, after sclerosis, to can obtain needed model less than removing with the magnesium phosphate cement powder of water reaction.
The water-soluble apparent acidity of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the water-soluble apparent alkalescence of magnesia, the hydration reaction of magnesium phosphate cement is the acid-base neutralization reaction based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesia.Behind magnesium phosphate cement and water mix, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the magnesium phosphate cement is at first soluble in water, and rapid ionization is generated H+ and PO43-, makes solution be faintly acid; Under solutions of weak acidity, MgO dissolving produces Mg2+, dissolves and the Mg2+ that is diffused in the liquid phase reacts generation unbodied magnesium-potassium phosphate complex compound aquation gel, i.e. phosphate hydrated product MgKPO4.6H2O rapidly with K+, PO43-.Along with the carrying out of reaction, product crystallization is gradually separated out.
Because magnesia surplus in the system, the product of separating out just covers mgo surface, forms one deck hydrated product film magnesia particle is closely connected to one.Along with the continuation of reaction, the K+ in the solution and PO43-progressively see through the hydrated product film and are penetrated into the MgO particle surface, form more hydrated product, and crystallization produces volumetric expansion and causes the hydrated product film rupture.MgO is exposed to again in the acid solution, and hydration reaction speed is accelerated again, generates a large amount of hydrated products.Along with being on the increase of hyrate, contact and adhesion make the magnesium phosphate cement slurry become one to be framework, to be the crystalline texture net of main binding material with the phosphate hyrate with the MgO particle each other, thereby make magnesium phosphate cement be hardened to the very hardenite of strong mechanical performance.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is preferably technical grade in the described magnesium phosphate cement, and purity is 99.8%; Magnesia purity is preferably 85%.At first, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax are handled 12h with the drying facility drying respectively, temperature is 50 ℃; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax that drying is crossed are crossed 150 μ m square hole screens respectively, guarantee that screen over-size is no more than 10%; The potassium dihydrogen phosphate of handling and borax are deposited separately under the condition of sealing, drying, and each component cooperates by proper proportion can be prepared into magnesium phosphate cement.
Also contain borax in the described magnesium phosphate cement, borax is preferably and is that technical grade, purity are 95%.Borax is the set retarder commonly used of magnesium phosphate cement, the B4O72-that the borax dissolving generates is adsorbed onto the MgO particle surface rapidly, form one deck based on the hydrated product layer of B4O72-and Mg2+, hinder contacting of the dissolving of MgO and K+, PO43-and MgO particle, reached the purpose to the magnesium phosphate cement slow setting.
Can make overwrought model, repair the repairing model of part by pasting the outer field mode of model at the model internal layer that prints.The outer field material of model is preferably identical with overwrought outer field material.
For prevent slurry that magnesium phosphate cement and water forms uncured fully before distortion, print platform is a box-like print platform, the opening of described box-like print platform is towards spray equipment.
In repair, operation for convenience, three-dimensional laser scanner connects computer, and computer connects the 3D print system.Spatial digitizer, computer, 3D print system just can share a CPU like this, reduce the totle drilling cost of system.Also make things convenient for simultaneously on-site working.
The specific embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, below further set forth the present invention.
Based on the overwrought restorative procedure of the historical building of 3D technology, step 1: the three-dimensional data of obtaining carve to be repaired.Can obtain the three-dimensional data of carve to be repaired by the mode of 3 D laser scanning.Three-dimensional data can comprise overwrought spatial shape and detail data.Can adopt three-dimensional laser scanner to carry out 3 D laser scanning.Three-dimensional laser scanner can be based on the pulsed three-dimensional laser scanner of pulse, also can be based on the three-dimensional laser scanner of phase difference, can also be based on the three-dimensional laser scanner of range of triangle principle.Three-dimensional laser scanner mainly comprises 3D scanning system and dual camera sensor.
Step 2: according to the three-dimensional data that obtains, set up the three dimensional computer modeling of carve to be repaired.The three dimensional computer modeling of carve to be repaired can be kept in the computer, with this foundation as follow-up reparation, and preserve as present situation data accurately.
Step 3: three dimensional computer modeling is carried out the computer simulation reparation.Can be by the research to the details of the three dimensional computer modeling of carve to be repaired, the contrast of carve of the same type, experienced technology craftsman's guidance simulates the state after overwrought the reparation, and please historical relic's protection be expounded through peer review in computer, determine embodiment.Can keep present situation to recovering according to inadequate carve, will not repair.
Step 4: the three dimensional computer modeling after will repairing carries out 3D to be printed, and makes overwrought model.Preferably according to moulded dimension: the ratio of full size=1:1 is carried out 3D and is printed.For big part carve, the mode that can adopt reduce in scale to print.With the foundation of printer model as craftsman's site operation.
Step 5: according to overwrought model, carve to be repaired is repaired.On-the-spot craftsman's reparation should be carried out in strict accordance with overwrought model, and material and technology adopt material and the technology of former carve as far as possible.Allow to approach and difference slightly at color, to reach the requirement of " far away see consistent, the near sight coordinated ".The process of field repair is as damaging original carve, can be used for remedying because the carve that work mistake or misoperation cause is destroyed with the three dimensional computer modeling of carve to be repaired or overwrought model as the accurate foundation of repairing again.
In order to make reparation more accurate, can adopt the mode of successively repairing,, successively repair to step 5 by repeating step one.After adopting this kind method, by comparing the three dimensional computer modeling after adjacent twice simulation repaired, can obtain the degree of accuracy of this layer reparation.
In order further the historical building carve to be protected, after step 5, can increase by a step, i.e. step 6: carry out protective treatment on the overwrought surface of repairing.The mode of protection has multiple: if overwrought mould for tile carving, stone carving, floriation or ash, the protective material that the overwrought surperficial spraying colorless of reparation is transparent, hydrophobic is ventilative is as organosilicon etc.If overwrought is woodcarving, the overwrought surface of reparation can adopt the water white transparency matte varnish to be coated with or tung oil is brushed twice.
Three dimensional computer modeling after will repairing in the step 4 carries out 3D to be printed, and when making overwrought model, can repair part according to moulded dimension: the ratio that full size is less than or equal to 98:100 is carried out 3D and is printed, and makes the repairing model of repairing part.In the step 5, make the material object of repairing part according to overwrought model in the ratio of 1:1, the material object of repairing part is sticked on the carve to be repaired, carry out surface treatment by overwrought model to repairing part, finish the reparation to carve to be repaired.Repair the material object of part less than the fact damaged part, can have the space therebetween, the space is filled by adhesive, decorative material or other auxiliary material.
The repairing model of overwrought model, reparation part all can adopt lamination layer structure, and lamination layer structure comprises model internal layer, model skin.Like this, ectonexine separately just can reduce the requirement to the internal layer material, and the model internal layer just can the lower cheap material of use cost.Thereby can reduce maintenance cost.
Can use 3D print system printer model internal layer.The 3D print system is provided with at least two containers and two corresponding spray equipments, accommodates magnesium phosphate cement as material container at least one containers, contains potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesia in the magnesium phosphate cement;
The spray equipment that connects is as the material spray equipment; Accommodate water at least one containers, as water receptacle, the spray equipment that connects is as the water spray equipment;
The magnesium phosphate cement in spraying one deck material container on the print platform at first, form one material bed, the cross section structure of printing objects sprays water as required then, magnesium phosphate cement is met the water after-hardening, after sclerosis, to can obtain needed model less than removing with the magnesium phosphate cement powder of water reaction.
The water-soluble apparent acidity of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the water-soluble apparent alkalescence of magnesia, the hydration reaction of magnesium phosphate cement is the acid-base neutralization reaction based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesia.Behind magnesium phosphate cement and water mix, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the magnesium phosphate cement is at first soluble in water, and rapid ionization is generated H+ and PO43-, makes solution be faintly acid; Under solutions of weak acidity, MgO dissolving produces Mg2+, dissolves and the Mg2+ that is diffused in the liquid phase reacts generation unbodied magnesium-potassium phosphate complex compound aquation gel, i.e. phosphate hydrated product MgKPO4.6H2O rapidly with K+, PO43-.Along with the carrying out of reaction, product crystallization is gradually separated out.
Because magnesia surplus in the system, the product of separating out just covers mgo surface, forms one deck hydrated product film magnesia particle is closely connected to one.Along with the continuation of reaction, the K+ in the solution and PO43-progressively see through the hydrated product film and are penetrated into the MgO particle surface, form more hydrated product, and crystallization produces volumetric expansion and causes the hydrated product film rupture.MgO is exposed to again in the acid solution, and hydration reaction speed is accelerated again, generates a large amount of hydrated products.Along with being on the increase of hyrate, contact and adhesion make the magnesium phosphate cement slurry become one to be framework, to be the crystalline texture net of main binding material with the phosphate hyrate with the MgO particle each other, thereby make magnesium phosphate cement be hardened to the very hardenite of strong mechanical performance.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is preferably technical grade in the magnesium phosphate cement, and purity is 99.8%; Magnesia purity is preferably 85%.At first, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax are handled 12h with the drying facility drying respectively, temperature is 50 ℃; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and borax that drying is crossed are crossed 150 μ m square hole screens respectively, guarantee that screen over-size is no more than 10%; The potassium dihydrogen phosphate of handling and borax are deposited separately under the condition of sealing, drying, and each component cooperates by proper proportion can be prepared into magnesium phosphate cement.
Also contain borax in the magnesium phosphate cement, borax is preferably and is that technical grade, purity are 95%.Borax is the set retarder commonly used of magnesium phosphate cement, the B4O72-that the borax dissolving generates is adsorbed onto the MgO particle surface rapidly, form one deck based on the hydrated product layer of B4O72-and Mg2+, hinder contacting of the dissolving of MgO and K+, PO43-and MgO particle, reached the purpose to the magnesium phosphate cement slow setting.
Can make overwrought model, repair the repairing model of part by pasting the outer field mode of model at the model internal layer that prints.The outer field material of model is preferably identical with overwrought outer field material.
For prevent slurry that magnesium phosphate cement and water forms uncured fully before distortion, print platform is a box-like print platform, the opening of box-like print platform is towards spray equipment.
In repair, operation for convenience, three-dimensional laser scanner connects computer, and computer connects the 3D print system.Spatial digitizer, computer, 3D print system just can share a CPU like this, reduce the totle drilling cost of system.Also make things convenient for simultaneously on-site working.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in above-described embodiment and the specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. based on the overwrought restorative procedure of the historical building of 3D technology, it is characterized in that,
Step 1: the three-dimensional data of obtaining carve to be repaired;
Step 2: according to the three-dimensional data that obtains, set up the three dimensional computer modeling of carve to be repaired;
Step 3: three dimensional computer modeling is carried out the computer simulation reparation;
Step 4: the three dimensional computer modeling after will repairing carries out 3D to be printed, and makes overwrought model;
Step 5: according to overwrought model, carve to be repaired is repaired.
2. the overwrought restorative procedure of the historical building based on the 3D technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step 1, obtain the three-dimensional data of carve to be repaired by the mode of 3 D laser scanning.
3. the overwrought restorative procedure of the historical building based on the 3D technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step 4, carrying out 3D according to the ratio of moulded dimension: full size=1:1 prints, make overwrought model, can repair partly according to moulded dimension: full size is less than or equal to the ratio of 98:100 and carries out the 3D printing, makes the repairing model of repairing part;
In the step 5, repairing model is sticked on the carve to be repaired, according to overwrought model repairing model is carried out surface treatment, finish the reparation to carve to be repaired.
4. the overwrought restorative procedure of the historical building based on the 3D technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt the mode of successively repairing,, successively repair to step 5 by repeating step one.
5. the overwrought restorative procedure of the historical building based on the 3D technology according to claim 3 is characterized in that: overwrought model, repair the repairing model of part, all adopt lamination layer structure, described lamination layer structure comprises model internal layer, model skin.
6. the overwrought restorative procedure of the historical building based on the 3D technology according to claim 5 is characterized in that: use 3D print system printer model internal layer;
The 3D print system is provided with at least two containers and two corresponding spray equipments, accommodates magnesium phosphate cement as material container at least one described containers, contains potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesia in the described magnesium phosphate cement;
The spray equipment that connects is as the material spray equipment; Accommodate water at least one described containers, as water receptacle, the spray equipment that connects is as the water spray equipment;
The magnesium phosphate cement in spraying one deck material container on the print platform at first, form one material bed, the cross section structure of printing objects sprays water as required then, magnesium phosphate cement is met the water after-hardening, after sclerosis, to can obtain needed model less than removing with the magnesium phosphate cement powder of water reaction.
7. the overwrought restorative procedure of the historical building based on the 3D technology according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: by pasting the outer field mode of model at the model internal layer that prints, make overwrought model, repair the repairing model of part, the outer field material of model is identical with overwrought outer field material.
8. according to any overwrought restorative procedure of described historical building based on the 3D technology in the claim 1 to 7, it is characterized in that: step 6: carry out protective treatment on the overwrought surface of repairing.
9. the overwrought restorative procedure of the historical building based on the 3D technology according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described carve is that tile carving, stone carving, floriation or ash are moulded, the overwrought surface spraying organosilicon of reparation protects.
10. the overwrought restorative procedure of the historical building based on the 3D technology according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described carve is woodcarving, the overwrought surface lacquer of reparation is coated with the clear or tung oil of water white mute light, protects.
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| CN104385640A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-04 | 合肥斯科尔智能科技有限公司 | High-precision repairing method for three-dimensional printed product |
| CN104401016A (en) * | 2014-10-20 | 2015-03-11 | 合肥斯科尔智能科技有限公司 | Method for repairing degraded product through three-dimensional printing |
| CN105513054A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-04-20 | 北京市计算中心 | Three-dimensional-scanning-based rubbing method |
| CN111042566A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-21 | 青海民族大学 | Ancient building outer wall repairing method |
| CN111572261A (en) * | 2020-05-23 | 2020-08-25 | 上海建为历保科技股份有限公司 | Brick carving repair method |
| US11636282B2 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2023-04-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Machine learned historically accurate temporal classification of objects |
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