CN103258116A - Method for constructing atmospheric pollutant diffusion model - Google Patents
Method for constructing atmospheric pollutant diffusion model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing an atmospheric pollutant diffusion model. The method includes the following steps of establishing three-dimensional space rectangular coordinates, determining factors which influence atmospheric pollution diffusion, simplifying a fundamental form of a Gaussian model, and obtaining the atmospheric pollutant diffusion model. The method can be widely applied to survey regions with various dimensions, and is particularly suitable for medium and small dimensions. Besides, the method is high in computational efficiency, low in requirement to meteorological data, and capable of reflecting a diffusing process of atmospheric pollution to the greatest extent in a simple mode. Under the conditions that a rang is small, a weather field is simple, the underlying surface and topographic conditions are relatively not complex, and secondary pollutant is not considered or processed simply, a concentration field calculated through the method and a concentration field calculated through a complicated numerical method are comparatively fit, errors are mainly derived from input parameters of the model (such as precision degree of pollution source data), the model is simple, input data are less, and programming and developing are convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of construction method of model, be specifically related to a kind of construction method of atmosphere pollution diffusion model.
Background technology
Pollutions such as the outdoor electrical equipment of transmission line of electricity and transformer station often is subjected to industrial filth or nature is saline and alkaline, flying dust, birds droppings.When dry climate, pollution layer resistance is very big, and insulating property can not reduce, but at the air humidity height, descend as unfavorable meteorological conditions such as mist, dew, light rain, snow, after the electrolyte in the pollution layer is moistening, surface conductivity is increased, decreasing insulating, and ash wherein grades and can keep moisture, promotes that pollution layer further makes moist, thereby dissolves more electrolyte, its surface conductance and leakage current will increase greatly under the impressed voltage effect, thereby may cause along the filthy surface of insulation pollution flashover taking place.
Existing atmospheric diffusion theory and experimental study show, atmosphere pollution spreads in atmosphere and is subjected to influence of various factors, the construction method of atmosphere pollution diffusion model as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the described factor that influences air pollution diffusion comprises: source strength, cigarette edge significant height, aiutage outlet wind speed, diffusion parameter, mixolimnion height and lateral separation.The citation form of Gauss model is:
In the prior art, mainly research pollution flashover mechanism research and means proof equivalent salt density or the close sign to pollution level of ash by experiment, and research and develop some on-line monitoring equipment natural contamination is monitored, operation of power networks is safeguarded the dirt differentiation Butut that needs, adopt by to test insulator nature contamination situation collection result, carry out ex-post analysis.But often to distinguish the data that Butut relies on are the year before test datas in dirt then, and consider few to the changing condition of current environment, thereby it is perspective that the dirty formulation of distinguishing Butut is not had, and for guaranteeing line security, still spend a large amount of funds to carry out regular accent and climb cleaning every year.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of construction method of atmosphere pollution diffusion model, the survey region that can be widely used in various yardsticks, wherein be applicable to Small and Medium Sized, and has the operation efficiency height, low to the meteorological data demand, simulate characteristics such as effective under the small scale, and reacted the diffusion process of atmospheric pollution to greatest extent in simple mode, less in scope, meteorological field is simple, underlying surface is relative with topographic condition uncomplicated, do not consider or the situation of simple process secondary pollution under, the concentration field that calculates with its and the concentration field that goes out with numerous and diverse numerical calculations are comparatively identical, error is mainly derived from the input parameter (as the order of accuarcy of pollution source data) of model, and model is simple, the input data are few and be convenient to programming development.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of construction method of atmosphere pollution diffusion model, be characterized in,
Above-mentioned method comprises following steps:
Step 1, set up the three dimensions rectangular coordinate;
Step 2, definite factor that influences air pollution diffusion;
The citation form of step 3, simplification Gauss model;
Step 4, draw the air pollution diffusion model.
The three dimensions rectangular coordinate is being the Z axle by the discharging point source and perpendicular to the axle on ground in the above-mentioned step 1, and the intersection point on Z axle and ground is initial point, and cardinal wind is X-axis, is Y-axis foundation perpendicular to X-axis and the straight line by initial point in the surface level.
Simplify the citation form of Gauss model in the above-mentioned step 3, particle diameter is less than the flue dust of 15 μ m, is divided into following two kinds of situations according to the difference of wind speed:
In the formula:
---effective stack height is pollution source space (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, the unit: mg/m more arbitrarily on the leeward of H
3
Y---lateral separation;
σ
y, σ
z---the level represented with the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION standard deviation and the diffusion parameter on the vertical direction, they change unit with wind direction down apart from emission source apart from x: m;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
U---the mean wind speed at throat place calculates unit: m/s according to 10 meters eminence wind velocity U of geometric height Hs and ground 10 of chimney;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
The number of times that n---pollutant reflects between inversion layer and the earth;
D---mixolimnion height, unit: m;
2. little wind is 1.5m/s ﹥ U10 〉=0.5m/s or quiet wind when being U10 ﹤ 0.5m/s, gaseous contamination substrate concentration appraising model:
In the formula:
---effective stack height is pollution source space (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, the unit: mg/m more arbitrarily on the leeward of H
3
Y---lateral separation;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
Be the quiet wind duration T---integral time, unit: s;
The number of times that n---pollutant reflects between inversion layer and the earth;
D---mixolimnion height, unit: m;
σ
x, σ
y, σ
z---be respectively x, y, the cigarette group diffusion parameter on the z direction, they are relevant with the working time of cigarette group, unit: m.
Simplify the citation form of Gauss model in the above-mentioned step 3, particle diameter is greater than the computation model of the flue dust of 15 μ m:
In the formula:
---the space is (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, unit: mg/m more arbitrarily
3 
---reflection coefficient;
Y---lateral separation;
σ
y, σ
z---the level represented with the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION standard deviation and the diffusion parameter on the vertical direction, they change unit with wind direction down apart from emission source apart from x: m;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
The air pollution diffusion model is divided into following two kinds of situations in the above-mentioned step 4:
(1) the concentration appraising model of gaseous contaminant:
When 1. wind arranged is U10 〉=1.5m/s:
In the formula:
---effective stack height is pollution source space (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, the unit: mg/m more arbitrarily on the leeward of H
3
Y---lateral separation;
σ
y, σ
z---the level represented with the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION standard deviation and the diffusion parameter on the vertical direction, they change unit with wind direction down apart from emission source apart from x: m;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
U---the mean wind speed at throat place calculates unit: m/s according to 10 meters eminence wind velocity U of geometric height Hs and ground 10 of chimney;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
The number of times that n---pollutant reflects between inversion layer and the earth;
D---mixolimnion height, unit: m;
2. little wind is 1.5m/s ﹥ U10 〉=0.5m/s or quiet wind when being U10 ﹤ 0.5m/s:
Y---lateral separation;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
Be the quiet wind duration T---integral time, unit: s;
The number of times that n---pollutant reflects between inversion layer and the earth;
D---mixolimnion height, unit: m;
σ
x, σ
y, σ
z---be respectively x, y, the cigarette group diffusion parameter on the z direction, they are relevant with the working time of cigarette group, unit: m;
(2) the concentration appraising model of flue dust:
In the formula:
---the space is (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, unit: mg/m more arbitrarily
3
Y---lateral separation;
σ
y, σ
z---the level represented with the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION standard deviation and the diffusion parameter on the vertical direction, they change unit with wind direction down apart from emission source apart from x: m;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
---flue dust settling velocity, unit: m/s;
---the density of smoke particle, unit: kg/m
3
The construction method of a kind of atmosphere pollution diffusion model of the present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages: the survey region that can be widely used in various yardsticks, wherein be applicable to Small and Medium Sized, and has the operation efficiency height, low to the meteorological data demand, simulate characteristics such as effective under the small scale, and reacted the diffusion process of atmospheric pollution to greatest extent in simple mode, less in scope, meteorological field is simple, underlying surface is relative with topographic condition uncomplicated, do not consider or the situation of simple process secondary pollution under, the concentration field that calculates with its and the concentration field that goes out with numerous and diverse numerical calculations are comparatively identical, error is mainly derived from the input parameter (as the order of accuarcy of pollution source data) of model, and model is simple, the input data are few and be convenient to programming development.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the construction method of a kind of atmosphere pollution diffusion model of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by describing a preferable specific embodiment in detail, the present invention is further elaborated.
A kind of construction method of atmosphere pollution diffusion model, method comprises following steps:
Step 1, set up the three dimensions rectangular coordinate;
Step 2, definite factor that influences air pollution diffusion;
The citation form of step 3, simplification Gauss model;
Step 4, draw the air pollution diffusion model.
The three dimensions rectangular coordinate is being the Z axle by the discharging point source and perpendicular to the axle on ground in the step 1, and the intersection point on Z axle and ground is initial point, and cardinal wind is X-axis, is Y-axis foundation perpendicular to X-axis and the straight line by initial point in the surface level.
The citation form of Gauss model is to derive to come out under following assumed condition:
(1) pollutant axially is normal distribution at Y, Z, namely in Y-direction distribution function is arranged
, in the Z direction distribution function is arranged
Wherein a, b are undetermined parameter;
(2) in diffusion space, wind speed is uniform and stable, namely mean wind speed not in time, place and changing;
(3) source strength of pollutant is continuous and stable, and namely when diffusion time was longer, the concentration distribution of pollutants of discharging tended towards stability, and the concentration of fixed in space point does not change in time, only is the function of volume coordinate;
(4) pollutant does not decay in the diffusion process, and the total reflection effect is played on ground, does not absorb or adsorbs.
Simplify the citation form of Gauss model in the step 3, particle diameter is less than the flue dust of 15 μ m, is divided into following two kinds of situations according to the difference of wind speed:
Apart from the high mean wind speed U10 〉=1.5m/s of ground 10m, gaseous contamination substrate concentration appraising model is when 1. wind being arranged:
In the formula:
---effective stack height is pollution source space (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, the unit: mg/m more arbitrarily on the leeward of H
3
Y---lateral separation;
σ
y, σ
z---the level represented with the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION standard deviation and the diffusion parameter on the vertical direction, they change unit with wind direction down apart from emission source apart from x: m;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
U---the mean wind speed at throat place calculates unit: m/s according to 10 meters eminence wind velocity U of geometric height Hs and ground 10 of chimney;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
The number of times that n---pollutant reflects between inversion layer and the earth;
D---mixolimnion height, unit: m;
In the formula:
---effective stack height is pollution source space (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, the unit: mg/m more arbitrarily on the leeward of H
3
Y---lateral separation;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
Be the quiet wind duration T---integral time, unit: s;
The number of times that n---pollutant reflects between inversion layer and the earth;
D---mixolimnion height, unit: m;
σ
x, σ
y, σ
z---be respectively x, y, the cigarette group diffusion parameter on the z direction, they are relevant with the working time of cigarette group, unit: m.
Simplify the citation form of Gauss model in the step 3, particle diameter is greater than the computation model of the flue dust of 15 μ m:
In the formula:
---the space is (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, unit: mg/m more arbitrarily
3 
---reflection coefficient;
Y---lateral separation;
σ
y, σ
z---the level represented with the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION standard deviation and the diffusion parameter on the vertical direction, they change unit with wind direction down apart from emission source apart from x: m;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
---the density of smoke particle, unit: kg/m
3
---aerodynamics viscosity coefficient, unit: Pas.
A large amount of experimental datas show that relation as shown in table 1 is arranged between particle diameter, reflection coefficient, the settling velocity.
Concern between table 1 particle diameter, reflection coefficient, the settling velocity
Particle size range (
 |
<15 | 15~30 | 31~47 | 48~75 | 76~100 |
Mean grain size (
 |
22 | 38 | 60 | 85 | |
| Settling velocity ( ） | 0 | 0.0306 | 0.0913 | 0.2276 | 0.4567 |
Reflection coefficient (
 |
1 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0 |
The air pollution diffusion model is divided into following two kinds of situations in the step 4:
(1) the concentration appraising model of gaseous contaminant:
When 1. wind arranged is U10 〉=1.5m/s:
In the formula:
---effective stack height is pollution source space (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, the unit: mg/m more arbitrarily on the leeward of H
3
Y---lateral separation;
σ
y, σ
z---the level represented with the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION standard deviation and the diffusion parameter on the vertical direction, they change unit with wind direction down apart from emission source apart from x: m;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
U---the mean wind speed at throat place calculates unit: m/s according to 10 meters eminence wind velocity U of geometric height Hs and ground 10 of chimney;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
The number of times that n---pollutant reflects between inversion layer and the earth;
D---mixolimnion height, unit: m;
2. little wind is 1.5m/s ﹥ U10 〉=0.5m/s or quiet wind when being U10 ﹤ 0.5m/s:
In the formula:
---effective stack height is pollution source space (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, the unit: mg/m more arbitrarily on the leeward of H
3
Y---lateral separation;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
Be the quiet wind duration T---integral time, unit: s;
The number of times that n---pollutant reflects between inversion layer and the earth;
D---mixolimnion height, unit: m;
σ
x, σ
y, σ
z---be respectively x, y, the cigarette group diffusion parameter on the z direction, they are relevant with the working time of cigarette group, unit: m;
(2) the concentration appraising model of flue dust:
In the formula:
---the space is (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, unit: mg/m more arbitrarily
3
Y---lateral separation;
σ
y, σ
z---the level represented with the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION standard deviation and the diffusion parameter on the vertical direction, they change unit with wind direction down apart from emission source apart from x: m;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
---acceleration of gravity, unit: m/s
2
Although content of the present invention has been done detailed introduction by above preferred embodiment, will be appreciated that above-mentioned description should not be considered to limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read foregoing, for multiple modification of the present invention with to substitute all will be apparent.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. the construction method of an atmosphere pollution diffusion model is characterized in that, described method comprises following steps:
Step 1, set up the three dimensions rectangular coordinate;
Step 2, definite factor that influences air pollution diffusion;
The citation form of step 3, simplification Gauss model;
Step 4, draw the air pollution diffusion model.
2. the construction method of atmosphere pollution diffusion model as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described step 1 the three dimensions rectangular coordinate be with by the discharging point source and perpendicular to ground the axle be the Z axle, the intersection point on Z axle and ground is initial point, cardinal wind is X-axis, is that Y-axis is set up perpendicular to X-axis and the straight line by initial point in the surface level.
3. the construction method of atmosphere pollution diffusion model as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, simplifies the citation form of Gauss model in the described step 3, and particle diameter is less than the flue dust of 15 μ m, is divided into following two kinds of situations according to the difference of wind speed:
In the formula:
---effective stack height is pollution source space (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, the unit: mg/m more arbitrarily on the leeward of H
3
Y---lateral separation;
σ
y, σ
z---the level represented with the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION standard deviation and the diffusion parameter on the vertical direction, they change unit with wind direction down apart from emission source apart from x: m;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
U---the mean wind speed at throat place calculates unit: m/s according to 10 meters eminence wind velocity U of geometric height Hs and ground 10 of chimney;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
The number of times that n---pollutant reflects between inversion layer and the earth;
D---mixolimnion height, unit: m;
2. little wind is 1.5m/s ﹥ U10 〉=0.5m/s or quiet wind when being U10 ﹤ 0.5m/s, gaseous contamination substrate concentration appraising model:
In the formula:
---effective stack height is pollution source space (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, the unit: mg/m more arbitrarily on the leeward of H
3
Y---lateral separation;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
Be the quiet wind duration T---integral time, unit: s;
The number of times that n---pollutant reflects between inversion layer and the earth;
D---mixolimnion height, unit: m;
σ
x, σ
y, σ
z---be respectively x, y, the cigarette group diffusion parameter on the z direction, they are relevant with the working time of cigarette group, unit: m.
4. the construction method of atmosphere pollution diffusion model as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, simplifies the citation form of Gauss model in the described step 3, and particle diameter is greater than the computation model of the flue dust of 15 μ m:
In the formula:
---the space is (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, unit: mg/m more arbitrarily
3 
---reflection coefficient;
Y---lateral separation;
σ
y, σ
z---the level represented with the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION standard deviation and the diffusion parameter on the vertical direction, they change unit with wind direction down apart from emission source apart from x: m;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
5. the construction method of atmosphere pollution diffusion model as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the air pollution diffusion model is divided into following two kinds of situations in the described step 4:
(1) the concentration appraising model of gaseous contaminant:
When 1. wind arranged is U10 〉=1.5m/s:
In the formula:
---effective stack height is pollution source space (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, the unit: mg/m more arbitrarily on the leeward of H
3
Y---lateral separation;
σ
y, σ
z---the level represented with the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION standard deviation and the diffusion parameter on the vertical direction, they change unit with wind direction down apart from emission source apart from x: m;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
U---the mean wind speed at throat place calculates unit: m/s according to 10 meters eminence wind velocity U of geometric height Hs and ground 10 of chimney;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
The number of times that n---pollutant reflects between inversion layer and the earth;
D---mixolimnion height, unit: m;
2. little wind is 1.5m/s ﹥ U10 〉=0.5m/s or quiet wind when being U10 ﹤ 0.5m/s:
In the formula:
---effective stack height is pollution source space (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, the unit: mg/m more arbitrarily on the leeward of H
3
Y---lateral separation;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
Be the quiet wind duration T---integral time, unit: s;
The number of times that n---pollutant reflects between inversion layer and the earth;
D---mixolimnion height, unit: m;
σ
x, σ
y, σ
z---be respectively x, y, the cigarette group diffusion parameter on the z direction, they are relevant with the working time of cigarette group, unit: m;
(2) the concentration appraising model of flue dust:
In the formula:
---the space is (x, y, the pollutant levels of z) locating, unit: mg/m more arbitrarily
3
Y---lateral separation;
σ
y, σ
z---the level represented with the CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION standard deviation and the diffusion parameter on the vertical direction, they change unit with wind direction down apart from emission source apart from x: m;
Q---source strength, i.e. the speed that discharges pollutants of pollution source, unit: mg/s;
H---effective stack height, unit: m, it is geometric height and the atmosphere hoist height sum of chimney;
---acceleration of gravity, unit: m/s
2
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