CN103249883A - 用于热气体过滤的低伸长率结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了包含纤维垫的结构,所述纤维垫插入了最低基重为35gsm的高模量稀松布中。所述结构根据ISO9073-3标准规范在50N下在5cm织物条带上沿MD具有降低的拉伸伸长率。所述结构具有至少9盎司/平方码(305克/平方米)的基重。对于在典型的热烟道气体过滤条件下的使用,所述结构还具有至少150℃至190℃的耐热性,优选大于200℃高达260℃的耐热性。通过这些结构制成的滤器袋在其整个滤器使用寿命上提供了受控的尺寸稳定性。此外,这类稳定结构适于与易碎膜进行层合,尤其是e-PTFE膜,其中对所述膜造成了最低量的机械损伤。
Description
背景技术
随着颗粒物排放的环境标准变得更加严格,织物滤器的使用已有显著增长。使用织物滤器是因为它们高效、易用并且在很多情况下是控制这类排放的最低廉方法。滤袋的织物是极端重要的,这是因为在相同环境下一种织物可能比另一种织物更好的地发挥功能。在过滤过程中,过滤介质在其表面或深度上阻止并收集了颗粒。在其全部工作寿命中,并且根据过滤设备设计,介质维持了其自重再加上收集的颗粒质量。这导致了机械应力和随后的介质尺寸变化,诸如伸长。在其整个使用寿命上具有改善的过滤容量的新滤器织物结构是期望的目标。本发明是具有低伸长率的滤器织物和滤器,能够在其整个过滤使用寿命中维持改善的尺寸稳定性。
发明内容
本发明提供了织物层合结构,其在伸长力循环开始时具有在热气体过滤中的粉尘负荷和清洁循环中维持滤器介质尺寸稳定性所需的最低的伸长特性。所述织物包含耐高温纤维的纤维垫。该垫被缠结(诸如水刺或针刺)于支承稀松布之上,其中所述支承稀松布具有至少35克/平方米的基重,并且所述支承稀松布位于所述纤维垫内部从而使所述垫的纤维与所述支承稀松布缠结。
所述纤维垫的纤维可包括诸如但不限于以下的材料:芳族聚酰胺、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚芳硫醚、聚酸亚胺、聚砜纤维。所述织物层合结构具有至少9盎司/平方码(305克/平方米-gsm)的基重。所述支承稀松布可包含低伸长率的有机纤维,诸如但不限于对芳族聚酰胺;或无机纤维,诸如但不限于玻璃、金属等等的纤维。优选地所述支承稀松布是织造物,或在所述稀松布包含玻璃纤维时其为“铺设”结构。
所述支承稀松布和织物层合体的纵向(MD)伸长率是根据ISO9073-3在50牛顿(N)的力下在5cm宽的织物条带上测量的:所述织物层合体可通过对纤维垫和支承稀松布一起进行针刺、射流喷网(或水刺)而制成。此外,这类低伸长率的射流喷网织物能够被层合于易碎的膜上并且在最终使用期间对该膜提供最低量的机械损伤。
本发明还涉及具有至少305克/平方米(gsm)的基重的织物结构,其包含纤维垫,其中所述织物结构根据标准测试ISO9073-3在50牛顿的负荷下在5cm宽的条带上具有小于3.0%纵向延伸伸长率,并且其中所述织物结构在150℃下老化2年后的耐热性被定义为至少30%的初始拉伸强度保留率。所述纤维垫被缠结(优选地,水刺)于支承稀松布之上,其中所述稀松布具有至少35克/平方米的基重,并且所述稀松布位于所述纤维垫内部。
本发明还涉及包含所述织物的滤器组件以及用于制造所述织物层合结构的方法。
本发明还涉及形成织物层合结构的方法,其包括以下步骤:
i.提供适于缠结的形式的松散纤维的垫,
ii将支承稀松布插入所述松散纤维的垫内,或邻近并接触所述松散纤维絮,
iii.缠结所述松散纤维和所述支承稀松布(优选地通过水刺或针刺进行)以形成结构,其中所述松散纤维变得与所述支承稀松布缠结。
所述松散纤维包含本文所述的非织造垫所包含的任何材料。所述支承稀松布包含本文所述的本发明产品的支承稀松布所包含的任何材料。所述混合结构可具有本发明产品的织物层合结构可具有的任何物理或热力学特性。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的滤袋的一个实施例。
具体实施方式
定义
申请人特别将所有引用的参考文献的完整内容引入本公开内容中。此外,当数量、浓度或其它数值或参数以范围、优选范围或优选上限数值和优选下限数值的列表形式给出时,其应理解为具体地公开由任何范围上限或优选数值和任何范围下限或优选数值的任何一对所构成的所有范围,而无论所述范围是否被单独地公开。除非另行指出,凡在本文中给出某一数值范围之处,该范围均旨在包含其端点,以及位于该范围内的所有整数和分数。不旨在将本发明的范围限制为限定范围时详述的具体值。
术语“非织造材料”是指包括多根无规分布的纤维的纤维网。纤维通常可以彼此粘结,或者可以不粘结。纤维可以是短纤维或连续纤维。纤维可包含一种材料或多种材料,也可以是不同纤维的组合或者是分别由不同材料构成的类似纤维的组合。术语“垫”在本文可指松散或梳理纤维的集合。术语“垫”还可指非织造材料,此处对该含义的限制仅仅在于最终受权利要求书保护的结构是由其获得的。
术语“射流喷网”、“水刺”和“水成网”在本文是同义的。如本文所用,当应用于垫、织物或纤维网时术语“射流喷网”是指由一个或多个类型的优选的非连续纤维组成的材料纤维网,其中所述纤维经水刺而实现无粘结材料的机械粘结或热粘结。如本文所用,术语“水刺”或“进行水刺”或“进行水成网”是指一种方法,其中由一个或多个类型的纤维或细丝组成的材料纤维网经受高速度的水射流,使纤维缠绕来实现机械粘结。公开于美国专利3,508,308和3,797,074中的射流喷网法是本领域已知的可用于制造非织造织物和毡的方法例子。
“缠结”被理解为兼指水刺和针刺。
优选实施例说明
本发明提供了织物层合体,其在伸长力循环开始时具有在热气体过滤中的粉尘负荷和清洁循环中维持滤器介质尺寸稳定性所需的最低的伸长特性。所述织物层合体包含耐高温纤维的非织造垫或非织造结构,所述耐高温纤维诸如但不限于芳族聚酰胺、聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚芳硫醚、聚酸亚胺、聚砜纤维,所述垫具有至少9盎司/平方码(305克/平方米-gsm)的基重以及支承稀松布。所述支承稀松布可以是织造物或铺设织物,其包含低伸长率的纤维,诸如但不限于对芳族聚酰胺;玻璃或金属纤维。当根据ISO9073-3以50N的力沿5cm宽的稀松布条带测量MD伸长率时,支承稀松布的伸长率应当小于3%,或优选地小于1%或甚至0.1%。所述稀松布具有至少35克/平方米的基重,并且所述支承稀松布位于所述纤维垫或非织造材料内部。
在根据ISO9073-3以50N的力沿5cm宽的稀松布条带测量MD伸长率的情况下,所述最终织物层合体的伸长率应当小于3%,或优选1%或甚至0.1%。所述织物层合体可通过对一个或多个非织造垫和支承稀松布在一起进行射流喷网或水刺而制成。进行水刺前所述垫可包含松散纤维。进行缠结后,所述垫或非织造材料的纤维可穿透该稀松布并且总体结构可进行压缩和压实。如本文所用,术语“所述稀松布位于所述纤维垫的内部”是指垫的纤维和支承稀松布缠结,并且相对于水刺前的最初起始材料该总体结构可受到压实。
此外,这类低伸长率的织物层合体能够被层合于易碎的膜上,例如延展的聚四氟乙烯(e-PTFE),由此而对该膜提供最低量的机械损伤。在一个实施例中本发明涉及上文公开的织物层合结构,其层合于e-PTFE膜上。在所述e-PTFE膜和所述织物层合体之间还可能有粘合剂层,并且这一粘合剂在一个实施例中可能是氟化乙烯丙烯树脂(四氟乙烯/六氟丙烯共聚物)。
本发明还涉及包含所述织物的滤器组件。
在尘饼或表面过滤应用中,本发明人发现并入本发明的过滤织物和滤器在尘埃保持方面提供了恒定的高过滤性能,并且在其整个使用期间提供了低压降。本发明的目的是提供在尘饼形成期间施加的必需应力下具有低伸长率的织物,所述必需应力是由于表面的额外重量和压缩空气清理循环所导致的。据预计所述滤袋的更低和更均匀的伸长将导致更均匀的饼负荷和空气流,从而产生更低的跨滤器压降。通过在其整个过滤使用寿命上控制低伸长率性能,这类结构适用于极长的滤器并且适于功能性膜(诸如但不限于e-PTFE膜)的普遍用途,用于改善尘饼释放性能、定期清理循环之间的时间(即,经济原因)或改善尘埃颗粒对该滤器的透过。这一低伸长率的过滤材料实现了合理的拉伸对相对易碎的功能性膜(诸如e-PTFE膜)的应用而不对其机械损伤,并且降低了在使用寿命期间分层的风险。在该膜可能过早损坏的情况下,所使用的射流喷网结构仍将确保高水平的过滤性能直至该滤器使用寿命终结。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述织物层合体通过对纤维垫和支承稀松布水刺而形成。为产生水刺的射流喷网结构以用于诸如热空气过滤应用这样的技术应用,必须获得至少305g/m2的基重。常规水刺机通常产生小于135g/m2的织物。近年以来进一步发展了喷水混合设备从而在该机器上实现了更重的过滤介质基重。
所述织物层合体还可通过对非织造垫和支承稀松布共同针刺而形成。针刺法使用重复性地穿入穿出纤维网的倒钩制毡针(barbed felting needles)而实施。美国专利2,910,763和美国专利3,684,284中公开的针刺法是制造非织造织物和毡时非常有用的本领域中所熟知常规方法的例子。
作为最终结构的前体所需要的大体积纤维垫的制备可以与两种技术(针刺和/或射流喷网)相同。例如,在一个实施例中,可用诸如松棉机的装置将得自纤维捆的卷曲短纤维团开松,然后由任何可行的方法诸如气力输送共混。随后可使用如前所述的常规方法将所述纤维转化成为非织造纤维或毡。通常情况下这涉及通过使用诸如梳理机的装置来形成纤维网,然而也可使用其它方法,诸如纤维湿法成网。还可使用纤维气流成网系统而非交叉铺网机,其中在压实前将单纤维网制备以具有所期望的重量和最终短棒的各向同性纤维方向。因此,针刺法和水刺法之间的关键区别在于压实步骤。在针刺成毡中通过使用多刺金属针而进行压实,而水刺法使用通过数以千计的高压细微水射流而产生的水帘来压实棉絮。
本发明中可用的支承稀松布可以是无机物。具体地,所述支承稀松布可包括细丝玻璃纤维的“铺设”结构,诸如Kirson GMBH(Donau,Germany)制造的玻璃纤维。所述平铺稀松布看似网格或点阵。其由连续的玻璃细丝制造成为矩形稀松布。为了保持纱线处于所期望的成直角位置,必须将这些纱线接合在一起。与织造产品成对比,经纱和纬纱在平铺稀松布中的固定是通过化学粘合而实施的,所述化学粘合在射流喷网加工期间通过水射流而消除。
所述支承稀松布还可以是织造结构并且可包含金属纤维。所述支承稀松布还可包含对位芳族聚酰胺(p-芳族聚酰胺)纤维或由其组成。
可在本发明中用于非织造垫的间位芳族聚酰胺纤维包括间位定向的合成芳族聚酰胺。聚合物必须具有形成纤维的分子量以便成型为纤维。所述聚合物可包括主要为芳族的聚酰胺均聚物、共聚物、以及它们的混合物,其中至少85%的酰胺(--CONH--)连接基与两个芳环直接相连。所述环可以是未取代的或取代的。当两个环或基团沿着分子链相对于彼此间位取向时,所述聚合物为间位芳族聚酰胺。共聚物优选具有不大于10%的其它二胺替代用于形成所述聚合物的原有二胺,或具有不大于10%的其它二甲酰氯替代用于形成所述聚合物的原有二甲酰氯。添加剂可与芳族聚酰胺一起使用。并且已发现,按重量计最多达13%的其它聚合材料可与芳族聚酰胺共混或键合。优选的间位芳族聚酰胺是聚(间苯二甲酰间苯二胺)(MPD-I)及其共聚物。一种这类间位芳族聚酰胺是族聚酰胺,可获自E.I.du Pont deNemours and Company(Wilmington,Delaware),然而,间位芳族聚酰胺纤维可以多种形式获得,以商标得自Teijin Ltd.(Tokyo,Japan);以New间位芳族聚酰胺得自Yantai Spandex Co.Ltd.(Shandong Province,China);以及以Aramid1313得自Guangdong Charming Chemical Co.Ltd.(Xinhui in Guangdong,China)。间位芳族聚酰胺纤维本性是阻燃的,并且可利用多种方法通过干纺或湿纺纺丝;然而,美国专利公开3,063,966;3,227,793;3,287,324;3,414,645和5,667,743为用于制备可用于本发明中的芳族聚酰胺纤维的可用方法的例证。
可用于本发明的对位芳族聚酰胺纤维包括芳族聚酰胺聚合物,即,长链合成聚酰胺,其中85%或更多的酰胺键定向连接于两个芳香环。这些芳族聚酰胺是众所周知的并且可便利地商购自,例如,DuPont公司(Wilmington,Del.),其以商标经销一种这类产品。另一种芳族聚酰胺可以以商标获自Teijin Group的Twaron BV分公司。
间位芳族聚酰胺纤维和对位芳族聚酰胺纤维的共混物也可在本发明中用于非织造垫。
所述非织造垫还可包含聚芳硫醚。可用于本发明的聚芳硫醚(PAS)包括含有亚芳基硫醚单元的直链、支化或交联聚合物。聚芳硫醚聚合物及其合成在本领域中是已知的,另外此类聚合物也可商购获得。
可用于本发明的示例性聚芳基硫醚包括包含下式重复单元:-[(Ar1)n-X]m-[(Ar2)i-Y]j-(Ar3)k-Z]l-[(Ar4)o-W]p-的聚亚芳基硫醚,其中Ar1、Ar2、Ar3和Ar4为相同或不同,并且为6至18个碳原子的亚芳基单元;W、X、Y和Z为相同或不同,并且为选自-S02-、-S-、-SO-、-CO-、-O-、-COO-的二价连接基团,或1至6个碳原子的亚烷基或次烷基,并且其中至少一个所述连接基团为-S-;且n、m、i、j、k、l、o和p独立地为零或1、2、3或4,受制于它们的总数不小于2的前提条件。亚芳基单元Ar1、Ar2、Ar3和Ar4可选择性地被取代或未取代。有利的亚芳基体系为亚苯基、亚联苯基、亚萘基、蒽和菲。聚芳硫醚通常包含至少30摩尔%,具体地讲至少50摩尔%,并且更具体地讲至少70摩尔%的亚芳基硫醚(-S-)单元。优选地,聚芳硫醚聚合物包含至少85摩尔%的直接连接到两个芳环上的硫醚键。有利的是,聚芳硫醚聚合物为聚苯硫醚(PPS),其在本文中定义为包含亚苯基硫醚结构-(C6H4-S)n-(其中n为1或更大的整数)作为其组分。
可优选使用具有一种亚芳基作为主要组分的聚芳硫醚聚合物。然而,根据可加工性和耐热性,也可使用包含两种或更多种亚芳基的共聚物。包含对亚苯基硫醚重复单元作为主要组分的聚苯硫醚(PPS)树脂是尤其优选的,因为它具有优异的可加工性并且在工业上为易于获得的。此外,还可使用聚亚芳基酮硫醚、聚亚芳基酮酮硫醚、聚芳硫醚砜等。
可行共聚物的具体例子包括具有对亚苯基硫醚重复单元和间亚苯基硫醚重复单元的无规或嵌段共聚物、具有亚苯基硫醚重复单元和亚芳基酮硫醚重复单元的无规或嵌段共聚物、具有亚苯基硫醚重复单元和亚芳基酮酮硫醚重复单元的无规或嵌段共聚物、和具有亚苯基硫醚重复单元和亚芳基砜硫醚重复单元的无规或嵌段共聚物。
聚芳硫醚可任选包含没有不利影响其所期望特性的其它组分。可用作附加组分的示例性材料将无限制地包括抗微生物剂、颜料、抗氧化剂、表面活性剂、蜡、流动促进剂、颗粒、以及加入以增强聚合物可加工性的其它材料。这些和其它添加剂可以常规量使用。
图1示出了本发明的滤袋的一个实施例。滤袋1具有封闭端2、开口端3和管状部分4。在所示的实施例中,所述滤袋还具有与所述袋开口端相连的弹簧钢金属扣环5。该袋的管状部分4由重叠的过滤织物层合结构组成,形成用三重线迹7缝合的接缝6。在该实施例中,所述袋的封闭端也可由过滤毡构成,所述层合结构在8处与用于所述管状部分的袋末端缝合。尽管该图是一个优选实施例,但是也可利用袋式过滤器的其它可能的构造、取向、部件和特性,例如在授予Wittemeier等人的美国专利3,524,304;授予Hixenbaugh的美国专利4,056,374;授予Peterson的美国专利4,310,336;授予Reier的美国专利4,481,022;授予Tafara的美国专利4,490,253;和/或授予Tafara的美国专利4,585,833中公开的那些。
在一些实施例中,如图1中所示,所述滤袋的封闭端2为与所述管状部分相缝合的过滤毡盘片。在某些其它实施例中,所述封闭端由某些其它材料制成,例如在某些情况下可能需要金属封闭端。在其它实施例中,所述封闭端可以不同于缝合的某些其它方式进行封闭例如超声、粘合或热接合或密封。在另一个实施例中,用于所述袋管状部分的所述毡可折在一起或折叠,然后密封,以形成封闭端。
在一些实施例中,所述袋的开口端3可具有金属构件以将所述袋连结到窝眼盘。在某些其它实施例中,规定所述袋开口端的尺寸,使得将所述袋在特别设计的窝眼盘上滑动时,可获得紧密的贴合性。
在本发明的一些实施例中,用于管状部分4并且任选地用于封闭端2的过滤材料是本发明的织物层合结构。
在一些实施例中,本发明的管状部分4并且任选地本发明滤袋的封闭端2是单层过滤材料。在某些其它实施例中,所述管状部分由在袋脉冲期间提供稳定性的稀松布或补强布支承的过滤材料制得。在图1所示的一个优选的实施例中,所述过滤材料重叠形成具有接缝6的过滤材料圆柱体,然后用高温丝扣缝合,诸如具有3至6股间位芳族聚酰胺纤维、含氟聚合物纤维、玻璃纤维或它们组合或共混物的丝线。在其它实施例中,所述重叠接缝可通过超声、粘合剂、热或所有这些接缝方法的某些组合来密封。
测试方法
拉伸强度
过滤材料拉伸强度根据“ISO9073-3:标准测试方法”而测量。对于各个样品进行三组(3)测试并且对结果进行平均并加以报告。
过滤性能测试-VDI测试
对于干净且未经使用的过滤介质,根据2004年10月出版的VDI3926第1部分“Standard Test for the Evaluation of Cleanable Filter Media”测试过滤性能。简而言之,将直径15cm的织物样品置于样品夹持器中并且进行指明的过滤、清理和老化循环。在所述老化循环中,针对该性能测试期的最后五个(5)循环测量并报告了诸如漏尘率、平均压降和脉冲循环时间这样的关键性能参数。
为在特定时期的现场使用后测定从袋式过滤器中收取的使用后过滤介质的性能,使用与VDI3926测试方法中相同的装置开发了“特别VDI测试”。从使用后滤袋上切下直径15cm的织物样品并且置于样品夹持器中。随后在实验室测试装置上对“现场老化(field-aged)”织物样品进行30轮正常过滤循环。针对最后五个(5)循环测量并报告了诸如漏尘率、压降和脉冲循环时间这样的关键性能参数。这一测试通过在实验室中模拟现场使用条件而为所述织物在现场将如何表现提供了有用的数据。
实例
A)不具有、具有金属、玻璃和PPS稀松布的PPS射流喷网结构
比较例A
不具有稀松布的PPS纤维射流喷网过滤结构
PPS纤维的射流喷网织物通过在常规的开棉进料系统中加工来自TorayJapan的250kg PPS纤维来制备,并将其气力输送至底部和顶部棉梳。在进入水刺设备前将所述棉梳网编成所期望的重量。所述水刺设备配备有7组水射流喷头,其各自具有最高达200巴的压力范围。所述水刺法在约5米/分钟的速度下进行并且制成的纤维具有523克/平方米的基重。
实例1
具有金属网稀松布的PPS纤维的射流喷网过滤结构
遵循与实例1中的描述相类似的工序制造射流喷网过滤结构,不同的是在进行水刺前插入了420gsm的重金属网稀松布。所制成的过滤结构具有781克/平方米的基重。
实例2
具有平铺玻璃稀松布的PPS纤维的射流喷网过滤结构
遵循实例1中描述的工序制造射流喷网过滤结构,不同的是在进行水刺前插入了68gsm的平铺玻璃稀松布。所制成的过滤结构具有417克/平方米的基重。
比较例B
具有PPS稀松布的PPS纤维的针刺毡结构
遵循标准的针刺成毡工序制造了基准的针刺毡结构,其包含142gsm的PPS织造稀松布。所制成的针刺毡对照物结构具有523克/平方米的基重。
表1概述了上述样品的过滤毡的特征。
表1:过滤毡特征
毡特征 | 比较例A | 实例1 | 实例2 | 比较例B |
基重(gsm) | 417 | 781 | 471 | 523 |
厚度(微米) | 1839 | 1877 | 1602 | 2186 |
密度(g/cm3) | 0.23 | 0.42 | 0.29 | 0.24 |
透气率(L/cm2/min) | 159 | 166 | 76 | 247 |
孔径(微米) | 18 | 19 | 15 | 26 |
孔体积(%) | 83 | 70 | 79 | 83 |
表2概述了表1的实例的性能特征。
表2:测试结果
表2显示了
a)生产不具有、具有易碎(玻璃)和极结实(金属)稀松布的射流喷网结构的可行性;
b)较轻的射流喷网结构的过滤性能(VDI3926过滤测试)优于由PPS纤维制成的基准针刺毡。
比较例C
KD的射流喷网织物通过在常规的开棉进料系统中加工来自DuPont的250kgKD纤维来制备,并将其气力输送至底部和顶部棉梳。在进入水刺设备前将所述棉梳网编成所期望的重量。在进行水刺前,将通过T450制成的65gsm稀松布插入所述2层棉梳网之间。所述水刺设备配备有7组水射流喷头,其各自具有最高达200巴的压力范围。所述水刺法在约6m/分钟的速度下进行并且制成的纤维具有405克/平方米的基重。
实例3
遵循实例5中描述的工序制造射流喷网过滤结构,不同的是在进行水刺前插入了68gsm的平铺玻璃稀松布。所制成的过滤结构具有420克/平方米的基重。
比较例D和E
遵循比较例C中描述的工序制造射流喷网过滤结构,不同的是在进行水刺前未插入稀松布。所制成的滤器结构具有399和418克/平方米的基重。
根据ISO9073-3标准规范在50N下在5cm的织物条带沿纵向(MD)的拉伸力实施拉伸测试。通过比较在50牛顿下在5cm宽度上沿MD的伸长率,实例5示出了0.1%的极低伸长率系数,而比较例C示出了平均0.9%,偏差介于0.6和3.5%之间,并且对照无稀松布结构D和E大约平均1.55%,偏差处于1.2%和2.9%之间。这些数据示出了与比较例相比本发明的结构的较低伸长率。
C)长期性能测试
在过滤现场测试条件下的性能证实,在平均170℃的现场测试条件下经过33个月后,玻璃的平铺稀松布并未变脆,所述稀松布中的玻璃纤维也没有断裂。在这一老化后保持了拉伸强度的33%。
根据ISO9073-3标准规范在25牛顿下在2.5的织物条带沿纵向(MD)的拉伸力对这一样品实施拉伸测试。对拉伸强度随时间损失的测量出人意料地显示,所述玻璃稀松布在50N下表现出小于1%的伸长率。
Claims (15)
1.包含纤维垫的织物结构,所述纤维垫缠结于支承稀松布上并且具有至少305克/平方米(gsm)的基重,其中所述织物结构根据标准测试ISO9073-3在50牛顿(N)的负荷下在5cm的宽度上具有小于3.0%的纵向延伸伸长率,并且其中所述织物结构在150℃下老化2年后的耐热性被定义为至少30%的初始拉伸强度保留率,并且其中所述支承稀松布具有至少35克/平方米的基重并且所述稀松布位于所述纤维垫的内部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的结构,其中所述结构的伸长率是根据标准测试ISO9073-3在50牛顿的负荷下在5cm范围小于1.0%的纵向延伸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的织物结构,其中所述纤维垫包含由聚合物制成的纤维,所述聚合物得自:间位芳族聚酰胺、间-酰胺-酰亚胺、对位芳族聚酰胺、聚-酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚醚酮酮(PEKK)、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、以及前述的组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的织物结构,其中所述支承稀松布根据标准测试ISO9073-3在50牛顿的负荷下在5cm范围具有小于3.0%的纵向延伸。
5.根据权利要求4所述的织物结构,其中所述支承稀松布根据标准测试ISO9073-3在50牛顿的负荷下在5cm范围具有小于1.0%的纵向延伸。
6.根据权利要求1所述的织物结构,其中所述织物层合结构在190℃下在1年后的耐热性被定义为至少30%的拉伸强度保留率。
7.根据权利要求1所述的织物结构,其中所述织物层合结构在210℃下在1年后的耐热性被定义为至少30%的拉伸强度保留率。
8.根据权利要求1所述的织物结构,其中所述织物层合结构在250℃下在1年后的耐热性被定义为至少30%的拉伸强度保留率。
9.根据权利要求1所述的织物结构,其中所述支承稀松布包含无机纤维。
10.根据权利要求9所述的织物结构,其中所述支承稀松布包含玻璃纤维。
11.根据权利要求10所述的织物结构,其中所述支承稀松布具有小于或等于100克/平方米的基重。
12.根据权利要求9所述的织物结构,其中所述支承稀松布包含金属纤维。
13.根据权利要求1所述的织物结构,其中所述支承稀松布包含对位芳族聚酰胺纤维。
14.包含权利要求1的织物结构的袋式过滤器。
15.形成织物层合结构的方法,包括以下步骤:
I.提供适于缠结的形式的松散纤维的垫,
II.将支承稀松布插入所述松散纤维的垫内,或邻近并接触所述松散纤维的垫,
III.缠结所述松散纤维和所述支承稀松布以形成结构,所述结构中所述松散纤维变得与所述支承稀松布缠结,
其中步骤III的结构具有至少305克/平方米(gsm)的基重,并且根据标准测试ISO9073-3在50牛顿(N)的负荷下在5cm的宽度上具有小于3.0%的纵向延伸伸长率,其中所述结构在150℃下老化2年后的耐热性被定义为至少30%的初始拉伸强度保留率,并且其中所述支承稀松布具有至少35克/平方米的基重。
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