CN103249303B - 杀虫剂用助剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及提高某些杀虫剂活性的添加剂,当施加至植物外部叶子时显著提高该类杀虫剂效果,由此提高通常深入植物其他组织结构内而受保护的进食昆虫的杀灭率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及提高某些杀虫剂活性的添加剂,当施加至植物外部叶子时显著提高该类杀虫剂效果,由此提高通常深入植物其他组织结构内而受保护的进食昆虫的杀灭率。
背景技术
助剂工业迄今已致力于提高除草活性。例如,在美国专利号5,226,943中,公开了某些助剂与除草剂一起使用。该类助剂能够使植物保护组织改变,导致外源材料进入植物组织和随后在质外体和/或共质体体系内运输的可能性提高。外源化学品在植物内的该渗入和移动导致正常植物生活过程要携带那些化学品至可能最受那些化学品直接影响的植物区域的可能性提高。因此,外源化学品的该提高扩散有利于允许植物组织中该类外源化学品在远离其初始最早接触位置而起作用。
在施用杀虫剂领域,对显著改善杀虫剂效力的添加剂仍存在类似的增长的需求。本发明人已惊人地发现,某些类别表面活性剂当与某些杀虫剂一起施用时,当施用至植物外部叶子时可显著提高杀虫剂效力,由此提高通常深入植物其他组织结构如茎或根内而受保护的进食昆虫的杀灭率。
发明概述
本发明涉及提高某些杀虫剂活性的添加剂,当施加至植物外部叶子时显著提高该类杀虫剂效果,由此提高通常深入植物其他组织结构内而受保护的进食昆虫的杀灭率。这将提高许多农作物的质量和产率,因为昆虫引起的侵染率和组织损伤可以更经济和有效方式降低。本发明还涉及一种通过将至少一种下文描述的表面活性剂施用至昆虫栖息地而控制昆虫种群。本发明进一步涉及一种通过将如上所定义的协同增效杀虫剂组合物施用至昆虫栖息地而控制昆虫种群。
发明详述
由于进行广泛研究和开发,现已发现可通过向杀虫剂组合物中添加一种或多种表面活性剂而实现所述杀虫剂组合物的这些所需性能。所述表面活性剂为通过使脂肪胺、脂肪酰胺基胺或脂肪咪唑啉与氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯或氧化丁烯在单独步骤中反应(形成嵌段共聚物)或与氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯和/或氧化丁烯的无规混合物反应(共聚物)而获得的衍生物。
就本发明而言,可使用的杀虫剂包括但不限于烟碱类(nicotinoids),氟唑虫清(chlorfenapyr),除虫菊(pyrethrum)和增效醚(piperonyl butoxide)及其一种或多种的混合物或组合。向杀虫剂组合物中添加该类表面活性剂协同增效地改善其对许多昆虫的效力。此外,已发现可用如下的最终杀虫剂组合物获得最佳结果:
a)氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯或氧化丁烯之间的最小摩尔比为约13:2;
b)氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯或氧化丁烯之间的最大摩尔比为约1:14;
c)反应产物的总分子量为2500或更低。
本文上下文所用的术语脂肪胺或脂肪酰胺基胺/咪唑啉是指含有至少一个与一个或多个氮原子连接的高级C8-22烷基的化合物。
待烷氧基化和在本发明组合物中使用的脂肪胺或脂肪酰胺基胺/咪唑啉选自:
R一NH2,
RR’NH,
和
其中R为具有8-22个碳原子的脂族烃基,R'为氢或具有2-4个碳原子的烷基,且x为1-6的整数。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,使用以下结构式的化合物的最终组合物:
其中A和B之一为氢,另一个选自甲基和乙基,且p和q为具有2-50总和的整数。
已通过实验确定分子量高于约2500的产物确实溶解蜡膜,但不或几乎不渗入下面细胞膜,因为分子太大。本发明添加剂非常快速溶解和渗入植物叶子表面上的蜡膜,在它们穿过蜡膜之后,渗入下面细胞膜,并且所导致的细胞溢出(cell leakage)允许杀虫剂由该路径进入细胞。
本发明添加剂浓度应有效改善所伴随杀虫剂的吸收。太高剂量可导致太快穿过外层蜡膜,并且在蜡膜下面所导致的太高浓度将造成细胞膜破坏(强的细胞壁损伤和渗入),这仅导致杀虫剂的阻断。相比于不含本发明表面活性剂添加剂的组合物,发现在合适浓度下表面活性剂添加剂和所伴随杀虫剂的吸收得到显著改善。
在涉及添加剂和杀虫剂组合的一个实施方案中,添加剂应以0.01-1体积%的浓度使用,在另一实施方案中,为0.05-0.25体积%。
使用本发明添加剂似乎导致在亲水亲油性质之间准确和最佳平衡,并且它们有助于在水中溶解或乳化的杀虫剂在整个叶子中的吸收。这些添加剂构成组合了最大溶解蜡膜、渗入下面细胞膜和经由亲水亲油相运输的吸引人手段,条件是所述添加剂以合适浓度使用。
本发明添加剂还允许令人满意地渗入单子叶植物和双子叶植物。迄今已传统用于除草剂的添加剂例如基于乙氧基化脂肪胺,尽管它们容易穿过双子叶植物上的蜡膜,它们较不易渗入单子叶植物上蜡状表面膜。
添加剂也提供与使用杀虫剂组合物的相对湿度有关的主要改进。不同于乙氧基化脂肪胺,已发现本发明添加剂在高(超过65%)和低(20-40%)相对湿度下表现出令人满意的穿过植物叶子表面。乙氧基化脂肪胺仅在高相对湿度下显示出令人满意的结果。
在一个实施方案中,本发明添加剂为式I和II的那些,其中氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯或氧化丁烯之间的摩尔比为50:50-20:80。在这些范围内,对于该类化合物发现合适的亲油亲水平衡。
这些产品分散于水中导致形成可见的、稳定的、油状悬浮液。
在另一实施方案中,使用由乙氧基化和丙氧基化牛油脂肪胺组成的添加剂。该类添加剂例如由下式化合物表示:
其中R为牛油脂肪胺的烃基,p为2-3,且q为4-6,和
其中R为牛油脂肪胺的烃基,m为2-3,且n为2-6。
可通过将添加剂与杀虫剂产品一起在紧临施用之前添加至喷雾罐中或通过配制有效量即用添加剂至杀虫剂产品中或可能的话通过两种方法组合而进行共施用。
实现所需杀虫剂效力提高效果所需要的添加剂的量随着目标植物类型、目标植物年龄或发育生长阶段、植物相对健康、光合率等以及杀虫剂化学性质、配制剂类型和组分、施用方法和施用率而改变,且举几种。发现在水基常规喷雾施用中0.1-1.0体积%助剂通常是有效的。共混组合物可在水基常规喷雾施用中以约0.1-5%的浓度使用。对于接触利用率(contactavailability)和剂量转移(dose transfer),更少量助剂可有效改善施用至目标表面的杀虫剂效力。
即用杀虫剂组合物通常含有浓度为0.01-1体积%的一种或多种本发明添加剂,在另一实施方案中为0.01-0.5体积%。该类组合物也可为浓缩组合物,其原位混合和/或稀释以在合适浓度下使用。此外,本发明涉及原位施用本发明组合物至植物。
本发明通过以下非限制性实施例进一步描述。
实施例1
欧洲玉米螟(European corn borer)
欧洲玉米螟为玉米田中严重的害虫。每个植株的玉米螟数量可为1-6个。该昆虫造成的产率损失为每个植株每个玉米螟2-10%。将杀虫剂单向喷雾至玉米田以控制玉米螟。该方案的目标为研究Adsee AB650、AdseeAB600和Adsee CE24/19在控制玉米螟中对一种杀虫剂“Pounce”的作用。
生活周期
欧洲玉米螟在美国主要玉米栽培区通常一年经历两代。欧洲玉米螟幼虫在玉米植株的所有地上组织上进食。它们也在玉米穗(tassel ear)、穗柄(ear shank)和茎(stalk)内钻入、进食和掘地道,形成孔穴。由玉米螟产生的孔穴干扰水和养料的运输。孔穴也降低茎和穗柄的强度,从而造成玉米植株茎折断和穗掉落,大风或其他不利环境条件使其加重。
产率损失
幼虫破坏导致的产率损失主要是由于穗和核尺寸降低(生理性损失)以及植株折断和穗掉落(潜在的收获损失)。幼虫进食穗可导致种子产率损失和/或玉米种、爆花用玉米和新鲜市售甜玉米的质量降低。在1-6个玉米螟/植株范围内,幼虫平均数与产率之间的关系似乎是线性的,且可能为每个植株每个玉米螟约2-10%产率损失。
存在几种方式控制玉米螟破坏:选择抗性玉米品种,使用栽培管理,播种工程BT杂交玉米和施用农药如BT、Pounce等。
Pounce
Pounce为来自FMC的产品,其通用名为氯菊酯(permethrin)。氯菊酯为合成除虫菊酯(pyrethroid),其为类似于天然杀虫剂除虫菊的合成化学品,来自菊花植物,但保持长期有效。合成除虫菊酯类为最老类别的已知有机杀虫剂。它们通过快速麻痹昆虫神经系统而起作用。氯菊酯为广谱杀虫剂,其在美国EPA注册且在1977年首次推向市场。氯菊酯当被昆虫摄入时起胃毒剂作用或通过与目标害虫直接接触而起接触毒剂作用。其灭杀成虫、卵和幼虫,且对昆虫具有轻微的驱除作用。在施用之后,该材料的杀虫活性持续长达12周。
在坚果、水果、蔬菜、棉花、玉米、观赏植物、蘑菇、马铃薯和谷类作物上使用氯菊酯对抗许多害虫。氯菊酯可以粉剂、可乳化浓缩物、烟剂、ULV(超低容量)和可湿性粉末配制剂获得。
实验研究几种本发明表面活性剂在控制玉米螟中对Pounce效力的影响。对于Pounce效力测试如下表面活性剂:
Adsee AB600-烷氧基化牛油脂肪胺乙氧基化物。(牛油脂肪胺+2EO+12PO+5EO)
Adsee AB650-含有AB600和乙氧基化脱水山梨醇单月桂酸酯(AgniqueSML-U,Tween20)的表面活性剂共混物。
Adsee CE24/19-基于C12的烷基醚柠檬酸盐。
将来自FMC(38.4%EC)的市购Pounce配制剂以4oz/英亩与两种浓度0.25%和0.125%(v/v)的上述表面活性剂一起施用至玉米作物。
喷雾体积:20GPA,3次重复的随机设计
○处理面积:10ft X20ft
○杀虫剂施用率:4oz/A
○施用时间:
●第一次处理:07/09
●第二次处理:07/22
○等级:(约11WAT)
○评价作物品种内部和外部。
处理
在第二次处理之后11周收集数据。标记为茎外部观察的数据为玉米植株的破坏百分数,如整个试验区肉眼看到的那样。这通过玉米穗上方茎折断量确定。标记为茎内部观察的数据为玉米茎的破坏量。每个试验区随机选取10个植株并通过在穗上方沿纵向切断茎和观察玉米茎内玉米螟破坏来检查。基本上证实破坏是由玉米螟造成的,而不是任何其他原因。在两组数据中,高数值表示控制差,较低数值表示控制良好。
结果和讨论
外部观察
在不经任何处理下,约57%玉米被玉米螟侵染。Pounce单独将侵染水平降低至48%。当Pounce与以0.25%测试的任意助剂组合时,存在显著下降(细节见图1)。
内部观察
类似于外部观察,内部数据表明在较高浓度下测试的助剂显著改善杀虫剂效力。然而,Adsee AB650和Adsee AB600在0.25%下都表现出更一致的性能。当在大田中杀虫剂与以0.25%测试的两种助剂任一种组合时,玉米螟侵染水平下降低于30%(细节见图2)。
总体上,当与在较高浓度下(0.25%,而不是0.125%)的助剂组合时,Pounce在控制玉米螟中的效力得到显著改善。
Claims (16)
1.包含至少一种杀虫活性成分和一种或多种下式的烷氧基化脂肪胺的杀虫剂组合物:
其中R为具有8-22个碳原子的脂族烃基,R'为氢或具有2-4个碳原子的烷基,x为1-6的整数,A和B之一为氢,另一个选自甲基和乙基,并且其中氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯基团为无规的或呈嵌段方式,且p和q为具有2-50总和的整数;并且
其中一种或多种烷氧基化脂肪胺在组合物中以0.1-1.0体积%存在,
其中所述至少一种杀虫活性成分选自除虫菊和合成除虫菊酯。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其包含具有下式的烷氧基化脂肪胺:
其中p为2-3且q为4-6。
3.根据权利要求1的组合物,其包含具有下式的烷氧基化脂肪胺:
其中m为2-3且n为2-6。
4.根据权利要求2的组合物,其包含具有下式的烷氧基化脂肪胺:
其中A和B之一为氢,另一个为甲基,并且其中氧化乙烯和氧化丙烯基团为无规的或呈嵌段方式。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物,其中p:q为50:50-20:80。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物,其中p:q为56:44-29:71。
7.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物,其中p为5.0-9.5且q为12.0-7.5。
8.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中p为5.0-9.5且q为12.0-7.5。
9.根据权利要求6的组合物,其中p为5.0-9.5且q为12.0-7.5。
10.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物,其中p为5.0且q为12.0。
11.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的组合物,其中R为牛油脂肪胺的烃基。
12.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中R为牛油脂肪胺的烃基。
13.根据权利要求6的组合物,其中R为牛油脂肪胺的烃基。
14.根据权利要求7的组合物,其中R为牛油脂肪胺的烃基。
15.一种控制作物的昆虫种群的方法,所述昆虫种群位于所述作物的组织结构内,所述方法包括向所述作物的外部叶子施用根据权利要求1-14中任一项的杀虫剂组合物。
16.根据权利要求1-14中任一项的杀虫剂组合物在控制作物的昆虫种群中的用途,其中将杀虫剂组合物施用至作物的外部叶子。
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PCT/EP2011/072263 WO2012080099A1 (en) | 2010-12-13 | 2011-12-09 | Adjuvants for insecticides |
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US20130261083A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
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CN103249303A (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
ES2623283T3 (es) | 2017-07-10 |
EP2651218B1 (en) | 2017-02-15 |
AR084149A1 (es) | 2013-04-24 |
NZ610473A (en) | 2014-10-31 |
BR112013013907A2 (pt) | 2018-04-17 |
PL2651218T3 (pl) | 2017-08-31 |
ZA201303842B (en) | 2014-02-26 |
JP2013544869A (ja) | 2013-12-19 |
WO2012080099A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
AU2011344426A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
RU2013130727A (ru) | 2015-01-20 |
RU2587045C2 (ru) | 2016-06-10 |
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