CN103248209B - 转换器组件和包括转换器组件的电站 - Google Patents

转换器组件和包括转换器组件的电站 Download PDF

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CN103248209B
CN103248209B CN201310042765.7A CN201310042765A CN103248209B CN 103248209 B CN103248209 B CN 103248209B CN 201310042765 A CN201310042765 A CN 201310042765A CN 103248209 B CN103248209 B CN 103248209B
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converter
unit
components
inverter
converter unit
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CN103248209A (zh
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萨米·彼得松
何艺文
格拉尔多·埃斯科巴尔
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ABB Schweiz AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

公开了转换器组件和包括转换器组件的电站，该转换器组件包括直流-直流转换器部件(4)、逆变器部件(6)、直流链路(5)、输入电容器部件(2)、电感器部件(7)和中性导体(8)，直流-直流转换器部件(4)包括至少一个直流-直流转换器单元(41，42)，输入电容器部件(2)包括用于至少一个直流-直流转换器单元(41，42)中的每一个的输入电容器单元，各输入电容器单元都具有中点(21,22)，中性导体(8)连接到逆变器部件(6)的输出侧的中性点(85)，且电感器部件(7)包括介于逆变器部件(6)的各输出端和逆变器部件(6)的输出侧的中性点(85)之间的逆变器侧电感器(Linv)。中性导体(8)连接到各输入电容器单元的中点(21,22)。

Description

转换器组件和包括转换器组件的电站
技术领域
本发明涉及转换器组件，更具体地，涉及用于避免转换器组件中的接地泄漏电流。
背景技术
高频共模电压是接地泄漏电流的主要来源。在本领域中，接地泄漏电流所造成的问题是已知的。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种能够有效地减小高频共模电流的转换器组件和使用该转换器组件的电站。本发明的目的通过包括直流-直流转换器部件、逆变器部件、直流链路、输入电容器部件、电感器部件和中性导体的转换器组件来实现，所述直流-直流转换器部件包括至少一个直流-直流转换器单元，所述直流链路将至少一个直流-直流转换器单元的输出电连接到逆变器部件的输入，所述输入电容器部件包括用于至少一个直流-直流转换器单元的每个直流-直流转换器单元的输入电容器单元，每个所述输入电容器单元连接在相应的直流-直流转换器单元的输入端之间并且具有中点，所述中性导体连接到逆变器部件的输出侧的中性点，以及所述电感器部件包括在逆变器部件的各个输出端与逆变器部件的输出侧的中性点之间的逆变器侧电感器，所述转换器组件的特征在于所述中性导体连接到各个输入电容器单元的中点。
本发明是基于在中性导体与至少一个直流-直流转换器单元的输入中点电隔离的同时将所述中性导体连接到各个输入电容器单元的中点的构思。因此，共模电流滤波被结合到一个电路中，这意味着共模电流在整个系统内循环。
本发明的转换器组件的一个优点是，位于所述逆变器部件的输出端与所述逆变器的输出侧的中点之间的逆变器侧电感器有助于对直流-直流转换器部件产生的共模电流的滤波。此外，直流-直流转换器部件的直流-直流转换器单元的关断或旁路不影响高频共模电流的衰减。
附图说明
在下文中将参照附图通过优选实施例来更详细地描述本发明，在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的包括转换器组件的电站;
图2示出了根据本发明另一个实施例的包括转换器组件的电站;
图3示出了图2的电站的直流-直流转换器部件和逆变器部件的更详细的结构。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的包括用于产生直流电流的电源部件和转换器组件的电站。
图1中的转换器组件是无变压器的转换器组件，或非隔离式转换器组件。所述转换器组件包括：直流-直流转换器部件4、逆变器部件6、直流链路5、输入电容器部件2、电感器部件7和中性导体8。
所述直流-直流转换器部件4包括并联的直流-直流转换器单元41和42。直流-直流转换器单元41和直流-直流转换器单元42都具有相对于其中点对称的结构。
直流链路5将直流-直流转换器单元41和42的输出电连接到逆变器部件6的输入。输入电容器部件2包括用于直流-直流转换器单元41和42的每一个的输入电容器单元。每个输入电容器单元被连接于对应的直流-直流转换器单元的输入端之间，并具有中点。对应于直流-直流转换器单元41的输入电容器单元的中点用附图标记21表示，对应于直流-直流转换器单元42的输入电容器单元的中点用附图标记22表示。
输入电容器单元的中点与对应的直流-直流转换器单元的正输入端之间的电容基本上等于输入电容器单元的中点与对应的直流-直流转换器单元的负输入端之间的电容。例如，中点21与对应的直流-直流转换器单元41的正输入端之间的电容Ci等于中点21与直流-直流转换器单元41的负输入端之间的电容Ci。
中性导体8连接到逆变器部件6上的输出侧的中点85并且连接到每个输入电容器单元的中点。逆变器部件6的每个输出端和逆变器部件6的输出侧的中点85之间存在中性点滤波电容器Cf。
电感器部件7包括介于逆变器部件6的每个输出端与逆变器部件6的输出侧上的中点85之间的逆变器侧电感器Linv。每个逆变器侧电感器Linv与逆变器部件6的负载串联，所述负载包括电网9。
直流链路5包括滤波电容器单元和储能单元。所述滤波电容器单元包括串联在直流链路5的正汇流条和直流链路5的负汇流条之间的两个滤波电容器Co。所述滤波电容器的中点通过中点导体51被连接到直流-直流转换器单元41和42的每个的输出端中点。所述储能单元包括串联于直流链路5的正汇流条与直流链路5的负汇流条之间的两个储能电容器Cdc。
直流-直流转换器单元41和42中的每一个都能够逐步提升直流电压。所述直流-直流转换器单元41和42可以包括升压转换器。在另一实施例中，直流-直流转换器单元也能够逐步降低直流电压。
逆变器部件6的调制序列与直流-直流转换器单元41和42中每一个的调制序列同步。由于所述同步，对于逆变器部件6和直流-直流转换器单元41和42，调制周期同时开始和结束。所述同步导致了中性导体8中的自然电流纹波消除。
电源部件包括用于每个直流-直流转换器单元的电源单元。每个电源单元具有供电端子，并适配于产生直接电流以及经由所述供电端子从电源单元供给直流电流。每个电源单元的供电端子被连接到对应的直流-直流转换器单元的输入端。
图1的电站是一个太阳能电站。每个电源单元包括适配于将太阳能转换为直流电流的光伏电池单元。光伏电池单元PV1的供电端子被连接到直流-直流转换器单元41的输入端。光伏电池单元PV2的供电端子被连接到直流-直流转换器单元42的输入端。
图2示出了包括根据本发明另一实施例的转换器组件的电站。所述转换器组件包括直流-直流转换器部件4'、逆变器部件6'、直流链路5'、输入电容器部件2'、电感器部件7'和中性导体8'。所述直流-直流转换器部件4'包括具有关于其中点对称的结构的直流-直流转换器单元41'。
图2的电站和图1的电站之间的主要差别在于，图2的电站只包括一个光伏电池单元（表示为PV1'）和一个直流-直流转换器单元41'。此外，逆变器部件6'的输出侧的中性点85'接地，而逆变器部件6的输出侧的中性点85仅包括所谓的没有电连接到电网的虚拟接地，所述虚拟接地使得能够更好地利用直流链路电压。另外的差别可以在直流链路5'中被发现。
直流链路5'将直流-直流转换器单元41'的输出电连接到逆变器部件6'的输入。直流链路5'包括储能单元，但没有独立的滤波电容器单元。储能单元包括串联于直流链路的5'的正汇流条和直流链路的5'的负汇流条之间的两个储能电容器C'dc。中点导体51'将直流-直流转换器单元41'的输出中点连接到储能单元的中点和逆变器部件6'的输入中点。
直流-直流转换器部件4'包括三电平升压转换器，其也被称为镜像或对称升压转换器。逆变器部件6'包括三相三电平中性点钳位式逆变器桥。图3示出了升压转换器和逆变器桥的更详细的结构。直流-直流转换器部件4'包括两个转换器电感器L'con，两个转换器开关S'con和两个转换器二极管D'con。逆变器部件6'包括12个逆变器开关S'inv和6个逆变器二极管D'inv。
根据本发明的转换器组件并不限于升压转换器和三电平逆变器。在替代的实施例中，直流-直流转换器部件可以包括不同类型的转换器，如降压-升压转换器，并且逆变器部件例如可以包括双电平逆变器或五电平逆变器。
另外，逆变器部件的相数并不限于三个。在替代的实施例中，逆变器部件可以包括单相或两相逆变器。在单相或两相逆变器的实施例中，逆变器部件只具有两个输出端。在逆变器部件的各个输出端和逆变器部件的输出侧的中性点之间，存在中性点滤波电容器。
对本领域技术人员来说，本发明可以各种方式来实施是显然的。本发明及其实施例不限于上面描述的例子，其可以在权利要求的范围内进行变化。

Claims (8)

1.一种转换器组件，其包括直流-直流转换器部件(4)、逆变器部件(6)、直流链路(5)、输入电容器部件(2)、电感器部件(7)和中性导体(8)，所述直流-直流转换器部件(4)包括至少一个直流-直流转换器单元(41，42)，所述直流链路(5)将所述至少一个直流-直流转换器单元(41，42)的输出电连接到所述逆变器部件(6)的输入，所述输入电容器部件(2)包括用于所述至少一个直流-直流转换器单元(41，42)中的每一个的输入电容器单元，各个输入电容器单元被连接于对应的直流-直流转换器单元(41，42)的输入端之间，并具有中点(21,22)，所述中性导体(8)被连接到所述逆变器部件(6)的输出侧的中性点(85)以及各个输入电容器单元的中点(21,22)，以及所述电感器部件(7)包括介于所述逆变器部件(6)的每个输出端和所述逆变器部件(6)的输出侧的中性点(85)之间的逆变器侧电感器(Linv)，其特征在于，所述逆变器部件(6)的调制序列与所述至少一个直流-直流转换器单元(41,42)的每一个的调制序列同步。
2.如权利要求1所述的转换器组件，其特征在于，每个逆变器侧电感器(Linv)都与所述逆变器部件(6)的负载串联连接。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的转换器组件，其特征在于，在所述逆变器部件(6)的各个输出端和所述逆变器部件(6)的输出侧的中性点(85)之间存在中性点滤波电容器(Cf)。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的转换器组件，其特征在于，所述直流-直流转换器部件(4)的至少一个直流-直流转换器单元(41,42)中的每一个都具有关于所述直流-直流转换器单元(41,42)的中点对称的结构。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的转换器组件，其特征在于，所述至少一个直流-直流转换器单元(41,42)能够逐步提升直流电压。
6.如权利要求5所述的转换器组件，其特征在于，所述至少一个直流-直流转换器单元(41,42)能够逐步降低直流电压。
7.一种电站，包括电源部件，所述电源部件包括具有供电端子的至少一个电源单元，各个电源单元适配于产生直流电流，并经由所述供电端子从所述电源单元供给直流电流，其特征在于，所述电站包括根据权利要求1或2的转换器组件，各个电源单元的供电端子被连接到对应的直流-直流转换器单元(41,42)的输入端。
8.如权利要求7所述的电站，其特征在于，所述电站是太阳能电站，其中每个电源单元包括适配于将太阳能转换为直流电流的光伏电池单元。
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