CN103245796A - Two-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed and wind direction measurement method - Google Patents
Two-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed and wind direction measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103245796A CN103245796A CN2012100324904A CN201210032490A CN103245796A CN 103245796 A CN103245796 A CN 103245796A CN 2012100324904 A CN2012100324904 A CN 2012100324904A CN 201210032490 A CN201210032490 A CN 201210032490A CN 103245796 A CN103245796 A CN 103245796A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional ultrasonic wind speed and wind direction measurement method. According to the method, four ultrasonic probes with ultrasonic sending and receiving functions are adopted and every two opposite ultrasonic probes combine to form ultrasonic probe pairs TDew and TDsn, and two ultrasonic probes in each ultrasonic probe pair send and receive ultrasonic signals respectively and measure and acquire ultrasound propagation delay time received from the opposite probes respectively; the ultrasound propagation delay time of the ultrasonic probe pair TDsn is Tsn and Tns, and the ultrasound propagation delay time of the ultrasonic probe pair TDew is Tew and Twe; and current two-dimensional wind speed and wind direction are measured and calculated according to the measured ultrasound propagation delay time and the interval of the two opposite probes in each ultrasonic probe pair. By means of the method, the measured two-dimensional wind speed and wind direction can be accurately calculated, and the method is suitable for wind speed and wind direction measurement in a severe environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the wind speed and direction fields of measurement, relate in particular to a kind of two-dimensional ultrasonic speed and wind direction measuring method for wind.
Background technology
At present, Chang Yong measuring wind speed instrument has vane anemoscope, Pitot tube (or claiming pitot tube) anemoscope, hot line hot film anemometer, ultrasonic wind speed instrument etc.
The vane anemoscope generally is made up of the drag cup shell of 3-4 semispheres or parabolic cone shape, and the cup shell is fixed on the support that is mutually hexagonal angle or mutually at an angle of 90 the isometric spiral arm of cross bracket.Because the volume of vane anemoscope is bigger, rotator inertia can cause hesitation, and response speed is slow; And the existence of rotatable parts produces wearing and tearing; Be subjected to boisterous infringement easily, sand and dust and salt fog also can cause corrosion to it; Because the existence of friction can't be measured when being lower than certain wind speed.
The Pitot tube anemoscope belongs to the contact type measurement of single-point, fixed length, need measure the density of fluid during measuring wind, and the density of fluid changes with variation of temperature, its output square is directly proportional with wind speed, when wind speed is low, the pressure reduction that produces is less, when wind speed is low sensitivity lower, be difficult to realize accurate measurement; Be not suitable in the environment of flue dust gas, carrying out the measurement of wind speed, use to be subjected to certain restriction.
The principle of work of hot line hot film anemometer is that a length is placed in the wind field as sensitive element much larger than the fine wire probe of hot blast instrument diameter or the layer of metal thin-film component that spreads on the glass material support, by electric current to tinsel or metallic film heating.When wind speed changed, the temperature of tinsel or metallic film also changed thereupon, thereby changes its resistance value, obtained and the dull relevant output signal of wind speed.The hot line hot film anemometer can not be measured wind direction, and it belongs to contact type measurement, and probe can be given birth to certain disturbance to measured stream field flow movable property; Simultaneously because heater strip exists oxidized and pollution problems, and hot line ruptures easily, so need carry out periodic maintenance and calibration to anemoscope; Sensitivity reduces with the increase of wind speed, has significantly non-linearly, relatively is fit to the measurement of low wind speed.
The ultrasonic wind speed instrument does not have mechanical component, does not have mechanical wear, obstruction, problem such as freezing, and long service life is in light weight; Belong to non-contact measurement, do not disturb wind field basically, the no pressure loss, less demanding to measurement environment, wide accommodation; Advantages such as installation and maintenance are convenient.Traditional ultrasonic wind speed and direction is measured and is mostly adopted the ultrasonic signal to receiving to be shaped to square-wave signal, calculates the method for the time delay that receives signal then; But this method precision is lower, is difficult to satisfy the measuring accuracy requirement of wind speed and direction.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of two-dimensional ultrasonic speed and wind direction measuring method for wind, this method can accurately obtain hyperacoustic time delay, wind speed and direction measuring accuracy and resolution have been improved, improve the antijamming capability of measuring equipment, the wind speed and direction that can effectively be applied to fields such as meteorology, wind-powered electricity generation is measured.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, two-dimensional ultrasonic speed and wind direction measuring method for wind of the present invention adopts four ultrasonic probes with ultrasonic transmission/reception function, constitute two ultrasonic probes in twos relatively to TDew and TDsn, two ultrasonic probes of each ultrasonic probe centering send respectively and received ultrasonic signal, measure respectively and obtaining probe and receive ultrasound wave propagation delay time from the other side, the right ultrasound wave propagation delay time of TDsn ultrasonic probe is Tsn and Tns, the right ultrasound wave propagation delay time of TDew ultrasonic probe is Tew and Twe, according to the ultrasound wave propagation delay time of measuring, and the spacing of relative two probes of this ultrasonic probe centering, obtain:
d/Tsn = C + Vs (1)
d/Tns = C – Vs (2)
d/Tew = C + Ve (3)
d/Twe = C – Ve (4)
Formula (1) d to the formula (4) is the distance between two ultrasonic probes of each ultrasonic probe centering, C is the current velocity of sound, Vs is the component that current wind speed makes progress TDsn ultrasonic probe the other side, and Ve is the component that current wind speed makes progress TDew ultrasonic probe the other side
Obtain from formula (1) and formula (2): Vs=d/2 (1/Tsn-1/Tns) (5)
Obtain from formula (3) and formula (4): Ve=d/2 (1/Tew-1/Twe) (6)
Through type (5) and formula (6) calculate current two-D wind speed wind direction thereby measure.
Further, above-mentioned two ultrasonic probes to TDsn and TDew in the distribution that is orthogonal of same surface level.
Further, above-mentioned two ultrasonic probes are among TDsn and the TDew, and two ultrasonic probe spacings face to face equate.
Further, each ultrasonic probe obtains probe the ultrasound wave propagation delay time Tsn, Tns, Tew and the Twe that receive from the other side to measurement and comprises the steps:
Step 1, come from the ultrasound wave that the other side sends with the TDsn ultrasonic probe to measuring mutually to receive with two ultrasonic probes of TDew ultrasonic probe centering;
Step 2, the ultrasonic signal that receives is carried out analog to digital conversion;
In the formula (7), the numerical value after the match of y (x) expression envelop data, x represents the positional information of ultrasound wave waveform, the x value is 1,2 ... .. n, a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, c1, c2, c3 are respectively scale-up factor,
Step 6, determine in the mathematic(al) representation (7) that ultrasound wave opens that to shake a little be the position of curvature maximum of points, thus definite ultrasound wave propagation delay time Tsn, Tns, Tew, Twe;
Scale-up factor a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, c1, c2, the c3 of through type (7) determine y (x) corresponding x value when getting maximal value, are designated as Xmax; Calculate y (x) then respectively to the first order derivative of x---with y1 (x) expression, y (x) is to the second derivative of x---with y11 (x) expression, again according to the mathematic(al) representation of formula (8), in X gets the 1-Xmax scope, calculate the corresponding x value of K (x) value that all K (x) are worth and find out maximum, be designated as Xsm, Xsm is ultrasound wave and opens a position of curvature maximum of points that shakes, and Xsm is just obtained ultrasonic probe centering ultrasound wave propagation delay time Tsn, Tns, Tew, Twe divided by the sample frequency of original signal;
K(x) = | y11(x) | / (1 + y1(x) * y1(x) )^3/2 (8)
K (x) is the different corresponding curvature value of x in the formula (8).
Because two-dimensional ultrasonic speed and wind direction measuring method for wind of the present invention has adopted technique scheme, namely adopt four ultrasonic probes with ultrasonic transmission/reception function, constitute ultrasonic probe in twos relatively to TDew and TDsn, two ultrasonic probes of each ultrasonic probe centering send respectively and received ultrasonic signal, measure respectively and obtaining probe and receive ultrasound wave propagation delay time from the other side, the right ultrasound wave propagation delay time of TDsn ultrasonic probe is Tsn and Tns, the right ultrasound wave propagation delay time of TDew ultrasonic probe is Tew and Twe, according to the ultrasound wave propagation delay time of measuring, and the spacing of relative two probes of this ultrasonic probe centering, measure and calculate current two-D wind speed wind direction.This method can be carried out accurate Calculation to the wind speed and direction of measuring two dimension, adapts to wind speed and direction measurement under the rugged surroundings.
Description of drawings
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments:
Fig. 1 is the control block diagram of ultrasonic probe in the two-dimensional ultrasonic speed and wind direction measuring method for wind of the present invention;
Fig. 2 arranges synoptic diagram for ultrasonic probe in the two-dimensional ultrasonic speed and wind direction measuring method for wind of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the envelope of ultrasonic signal and signal in this method.
Embodiment
Two-dimensional ultrasonic speed and wind direction measuring method for wind of the present invention adopts four ultrasonic probes with ultrasonic transmission/reception function, constitute two ultrasonic probes in twos relatively to TDew and TDsn, two ultrasonic probes of each ultrasonic probe centering send respectively and received ultrasonic signal, measure respectively and obtaining probe and receive ultrasound wave propagation delay time from the other side, the right ultrasound wave propagation delay time of TDsn ultrasonic probe is Tsn and Tns, the right ultrasound wave propagation delay time of TDew ultrasonic probe is Tew and Twe, according to the ultrasound wave propagation delay time of measuring, and the spacing of relative two probes of this ultrasonic probe centering, obtain:
d/Tsn = C + Vs (1)
d/Tns = C – Vs (2)
d/Tew = C + Ve (3)
d/Twe = C – Ve (4)
Formula (1) d to the formula (4) is the distance between two ultrasonic probes of each ultrasonic probe centering, C is the current velocity of sound, Vs is the component that current wind speed makes progress TDsn ultrasonic probe the other side, and Ve is the component that current wind speed makes progress TDew ultrasonic probe the other side
Obtain from formula (1) and formula (2): Vs=d/2 (1/Tsn-1/Tns) (5)
Obtain from formula (3) and formula (4): Ve=d/2 (1/Tew-1/Twe) (6)
Through type (5) and formula (6) calculate current two-D wind speed wind direction thereby measure.
Further, above-mentioned two ultrasonic probes to TDsn and TDew in the distribution that is orthogonal of same surface level.
Further, above-mentioned two ultrasonic probes are among TDsn and the TDew, and two ultrasonic probe spacings face to face equate.
Further, each ultrasonic probe obtains probe the ultrasound wave propagation delay time Tsn, Tns, Tew and the Twe that receive from the other side to measurement and comprises the steps:
Step 1, come from the ultrasound wave that the other side sends with the TDsn ultrasonic probe to measuring mutually to receive with two ultrasonic probes of TDew ultrasonic probe centering;
Step 2, the ultrasonic signal that receives is carried out analog to digital conversion;
In the formula (7), the numerical value after the match of y (x) expression envelop data, x represents the positional information of ultrasound wave waveform, the x value is 1,2 ... .. n, a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, c1, c2, c3 are respectively scale-up factor,
Step 6, determine in the mathematic(al) representation (7) that ultrasound wave opens that to shake a little be the position of curvature maximum of points, thus definite ultrasound wave propagation delay time Tsn, Tns, Tew, Twe,
Scale-up factor a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, c1, c2, the c3 of through type (7) determine y (x) corresponding x value when getting maximal value, are designated as Xmax; Calculate y (x) then respectively to the first order derivative of x---with y1 (x) expression, y (x) is to the second derivative of x---with y11 (x) expression, again according to the mathematic(al) representation of formula (8), in X gets the 1-Xmax scope, calculate the corresponding x value of K (x) value that all K (x) are worth and find out maximum, be designated as Xsm, Xsm is ultrasound wave and opens a position of curvature maximum of points that shakes, and Xsm is just obtained ultrasonic probe centering ultrasound wave propagation delay time Tsn, Tns, Tew, Twe divided by the sample frequency of original signal;
K(x) = | y11(x) | / (1 + y1(x) * y1(x) )^3/2 (8)
K (x) is the different corresponding curvature value of x in the formula (8).
As shown in Figure 1, four ultrasonic probes 1 are formed measuring unit, utilize the ultrasonic measurement wind speed and direction; Ultrasound wave drives and receiving circuit 2 is responsible for driving four ultrasonic probes 1, and the signal that four ultrasonic probes 1 are received such as amplifies at processing; Analog signal conversion after analog to digital conversion circuit 3 will be handled becomes digital signal; The work of CPU (central processing unit) 4 control ultrasound waves drivings and receiving circuit 2 and analog to digital conversion circuit 3, and the digital signal that collects carried out The disposal of gentle filter, carry out the envelope data that the Hilbert Huang obtains signal simultaneously, use gauss hybrid models to obtain the mathematic(al) representation of envelope data, ultrasound wave opens the position of point of maximum curvature of a little satisfying condition down that shakes in the computational mathematics expression formula, obtain each ultrasonic probe centering ultrasound wave propagation delay time Tsn, Tns, Tew and Twe, obtain current wind speed and direction data thereby convert.
As shown in Figure 2, in this method ultrasonic probe to TDsn and TDew in the orthogonal thereto distribution of same surface level.Spacing equates the ultrasonic probe of each ultrasonic probe centering with respect to becoming 180 degree to install also.
As shown in Figure 3, the right ultrasonic signal 5 of ultrasonic probe forms the envelope 6 of ultrasonic signal by the Hilbert Huang, its left side point of maximum curvature is ultrasound wave and opens and shake a little 7, by gauss hybrid models envelope 6 is carried out data fitting, obtain the gauss hybrid models mathematic(al) representation of data fitting curve, accurately calculate by this mathematic(al) representation that ultrasound wave opens the some positional information of 7 point of maximum curvature of shaking in envelope 6 data, thereby converse each ultrasonic probe centering ultrasound wave propagation delay time Tsn, Tns, Tew and Twe have improved precision and resolution that current wind speed and direction is measured.
Claims (4)
1. two-dimensional ultrasonic speed and wind direction measuring method for wind, it is characterized in that: adopt four ultrasonic probes with ultrasonic transmission/reception function, constitute two ultrasonic probes in twos relatively to TDew and TDsn, two ultrasonic probes of each ultrasonic probe centering send respectively and received ultrasonic signal, measure respectively and obtaining probe and receive ultrasound wave propagation delay time from the other side, the right ultrasound wave propagation delay time of TDsn ultrasonic probe is Tsn and Tns, the right ultrasound wave propagation delay time of TDew ultrasonic probe is Tew and Twe, according to the ultrasound wave propagation delay time of measuring, and the spacing of relative two probes of this ultrasonic probe centering, obtain:
d/Tsn = C + Vs (1)
d/Tns = C – Vs (2)
d/Tew = C + Ve (3)
d/Twe = C – Ve (4)
Formula (1) d to the formula (4) is the distance between two ultrasonic probes of each ultrasonic probe centering, C is the current velocity of sound, Vs is the component that current wind speed makes progress TDsn ultrasonic probe the other side, and Ve is the component that current wind speed makes progress TDew ultrasonic probe the other side
Obtain from formula (1) and formula (2): Vs=d/2 (1/Tsn-1/Tns) (5)
Obtain from formula (3) and formula (4): Ve=d/2 (1/Tew-1/Twe) (6)
Through type (5) and formula (6) calculate current two-D wind speed wind direction thereby measure.
2. two-dimensional ultrasonic speed and wind direction measuring method for wind according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described two ultrasonic probes to TDsn and TDew in the distribution that is orthogonal of same surface level.
3. two-dimensional ultrasonic speed and wind direction measuring method for wind according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described two ultrasonic probes are among TDsn and the TDew, and two ultrasonic probe spacings face to face equate.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described two-dimensional ultrasonic speed and wind direction measuring method for wind, it is characterized in that: each ultrasonic probe obtains ultrasound wave propagation delay time Tsn, Tns, Tew and the Twe that receives from the other side that pop one's head in to measurement and comprises the steps:
Step 1, come from the ultrasound wave that the other side sends with the TDsn ultrasonic probe to measuring mutually to receive with two ultrasonic probes of TDew ultrasonic probe centering;
Step 2, the ultrasonic signal that receives is carried out analog to digital conversion;
Step 3, to the conversion after the ultrasound wave digital signal carry out The disposal of gentle filter;
Step 4, to the ultrasonic signal after The disposal of gentle filter by the Hilbert Huang, determine the envelope of ultrasonic signal;
Step 5, envelop data is carried out data fitting through gauss hybrid models, obtains the gauss hybrid models mathematic(al) representation of data fitting curve:
（7）
In the formula (7), the numerical value after the match of y (x) expression envelop data, x represents the positional information of ultrasound wave waveform, the x value is 1,2 ... .. n, a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, c1, c2, c3 are respectively scale-up factor,
Step 6, determine in the mathematic(al) representation (7) that ultrasound wave opens that to shake a little be the position of curvature maximum of points, thus definite ultrasound wave propagation delay time Tsn, Tns, Tew, Twe,
Scale-up factor a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, c1, c2, the c3 of through type (7) determine y (x) corresponding x value when getting maximal value, are designated as Xmax; Calculate y (x) then respectively to first order derivative and the second derivative of x, use y1 (x) and y11 (x) expression respectively, again according to the mathematic(al) representation of formula (8), in X gets the 1-Xmax scope, calculate the corresponding x value of K (x) value that all K (x) are worth and find out maximum, be designated as Xsm, Xsm is ultrasound wave and opens a position of curvature maximum of points that shakes, and Xsm is just obtained ultrasonic probe centering ultrasound wave propagation delay time Tsn, Tns, Tew, Twe divided by the sample frequency of original signal;
K(x) = | y11(x) | / (1 + y1(x) * y1(x) )^3/2 (8)
K (x) is the different corresponding curvature value of x in the formula (8).
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